Kekristenan pada Abad Pertengahan
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Kekristenan pada Abad Pertengahan meliputi sejarah Kekristenan dari Kejatuhan Kekaisaran Romawi Barat (ca 476) sampai Kejatuhan Konstantinopel (1453), yang biasanya dijadikan akhir Abad Pertengahan dalam Sejarah Eropa.
Dalam Pentarki kuno Kekristenan, lima patriark memegang keunggulan istimewa: tahta-tahta Roma, Konstantinopel, Yerusalem, Antiokia, dan Aleksandria. Nilai dari sebagian besar tahta tersebut tergantung pada para pendiri apostolik mereka, atau dalam kasus Bizantium/Konstantinopel, bahwa tahta tersebut adalah tahta baru ("Roma Baru" dari kelanjutan Romawi Timur, atau Kekaisaran Bizantium. Uskup-uskup tersebut menganggap diri mereka sendiri sebagai para penerus dari rasul-rasul mereka.[1] Selain itu, seluruh lima kota tersebut adalah pusat awal Kekristenan.
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Woollcombe, K.J. "The Ministry and the Order of the Church in the Works of the Fathers" in The Historic Episcopate. Kenneth M. Carey (Ed.). Dacre Press (1954) p.31f
Sumber cetak
[sunting | sunting sumber]- González, Justo L. (1984). The Story of Christianity: Vol. 1: The Early Church to the Reformation. San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 0-06-063315-8.
- Grabar, André (1968). Christian iconography, a study of its origins. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01830-8.
- Guericke, Heinrich Ernst; et al. (1857). A Manual of Church History: Ancient Church History Comprising the First Six Centuries. New York: Wiley and Halsted.
- Hastings, Adrian (1999). A World History of Christianity. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-4875-3.
- Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1975). A History of Christianity, Volume 1: Beginnings to 1500 (edisi ke-revised). San Francisco: Harper. ISBN 0-06-064952-6. (paperback).
- Morris, Colin (1972). The discovery of the individual, 1050–1200. London: SPCK. ISBN 0-281-02346-8.
- Morris, Colin (1989). The papal monarchy : the western church from 1050 to 1250. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0-19-826925-0.
- Morris, Colin (2006). The sepulchre of Christ and the medieval West : from the beginning to 1600. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-826928-1.
- Shelley, Bruce L. (1996). Church History in Plain Language (edisi ke-2nd). ISBN 0-8499-3861-9.
Sumber daring
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Joyce, Patrick Weston (1906). A smaller social history of ancient Ireland, treating of the government, military system, and law; religion, learning, and art; trades, industries, and commerce; manners, customs, and domestic life, of the ancient Irish people (PDF) (edisi ke-An abridgement of my larger work, 'A social history of ancient Ireland'). London ; New York : Longmans, Green, and Co. Diakses tanggal 21 October 2016.
Pranala luar
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