==Styresmakter==
Leiaren for lokallaget til [[Kinas kommunistparti]] er NN
, og borgarmeisteren er NN2 (2019).
==Styresmakter==
Den regionale leiaren i [[Kinas kommunistparti]] er [[
]]. Guvernøren er NN2 (2019).

( 長江^ⓘ,
==Bakgrunnsstoff==
*{{Audio|
}}

|長 }},

Wuhan infoboks,

|offisielt_namn = 重
|offisielt_namn2 =
|namn_merknad={{Center|[[Fil:
|100px]]}}

{{Infoboks by
|offisielt_namn = 重
|offisielt_namn2 =
|namn_merknad={{Center|[[Fil:
|100px]]}}
|type = By
|kart =
|bilet_flagg =
|bilet_byvåpen =
|underinndeling_type = Land <br /> Provins
|underinndeling_namn = [[Folkerepublikken Kina]] <br /> 
|føderasjonssubjekt =
|etablert_tittel = Grunnlagt
|etablert_dato =
|areal_kjelder =
|totalareal =
|areal_omegn =
|innbyggjarar_i_år = 
|innbyggjarar_kjelder =
|innbyggjarar_totalt = 
|folketettleik = 
|høgd =
|tidssone = 
|tidssone_sommar =
|utc_skilnad =
|utc_skilnad_sommar =
|postnummer = 
|retningsnummer =
|bilnummer =
|nettstad =
}}

innleiing

[
("
")] [
•]

("Ænn-hwi") Anhui •

("Foo-Ğe") Fujian Fujian •

Gansu •

("Gwang-dun") Guangdong •

[kwêi.ʈʂóu] Guizhou [1]

Hainan •

Hebei •

("kHelu_-Djang") Heilongjiang •

Henan •

("Hu-bAi") Hubei Húběi •

Hunan •

Jiang-su •

("Jiang-KJi") Jiangxi • Jilin •

("Liaw-Nin") Liaoning •

( Цин- ; "Tsinhai") Qinghai •

("Shænn-si") Shaanxi • (inkl. Guanzhong-sletta (m. 'Gul elva' som renner ut i Gule-havet).

Shandong Shandong • (? relasjon, Shanghai)

("Shæn-si") Shanxi •

("Suč-wa_") Sichuan •

Yunnan •

("Ğjø-Ğjiang") Zhejiang •

Autonome regionar:

Guangxi •

Indre Mongolia •

Ningxia •

Tibet •

Xinjiang

Byprovinsar:

Beijing • Chóngqìng • Shanghai • Tianjin |gruppe4= Spesielle administrative regionar: |liste4= Hongkong • Macao }}

Kart (makro)
Kart (Provinsar etc.)

storby-område, "størst"

[
("
")] [
•]

[2]

nest-største: 2 Hong Kong-"naboer"

hovudstad

Wuhan (Hubei)

"TjænĞin" / Tianjin (provins-nivå)

i Sičuan

Ч_н-цин / [3] (provins-nivå
It borders the following provinces: Hubei in the east, Hunan in the southeast, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and northwest, and Shaanxi to the north in its northeast corner

("Hann-Ğu") • i Zheijang
i Yangtze-deltaet

("Nan-Chin") •, i Jiangsu-provinsen

("Si-ann") • i Shaanxi

Циндао / "TsingDao" (Shandong)

i Henan

i Zheijang

i Jiangxi

( 長江^ⓘ,
( {{Audio|
|長 }},

(namn på byane)

[ (" ")] [ •]

[4]

"2 ved Hong Kong"

hovudstad

"Wu-Hæn"

Shenyang

Jinan

( 長江^ⓘ,
( {{Audio|
|長 }},

by-namn (alle)

"Чoн-цин" ; "Chång-tsin", Chóngqìng

Etymologi (provins)

Jiangsu, Nan-JING + SU-zhou ( eller JIANG-ning + ... )

Etymologi (by)

Suzhou, a contraction of the old name Gusu. ... . The zhou 州 originally meant something like a province or county (cf. Guizhou), but often came to be used metonymously ... region-HOVUDSTAD (cf. Guangzhou, Hangzhou, etc.)

==

... The eastern plains and southern coasts of the country consist of fertile lowlands and foothills.

, agricultural output and human population.

"South of the Yangtze River" consist of hilly and mountainous terrain.

... are dominated by sunken basins (such as the Gobi and the Taklamakan), rolling plateaus, and towering massifs.

highest tableland on earth, the Tibetan Plateau

Traditionally, ... Chinese central plain and oriented itself toward its own enormous inland market, developing as an imperial power whose center lay in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River on the northern plains.

coastline has been used extensively for export-oriented trade, causing the coastal provinces to become the leading economic center.

...

border disputes: ..., Aksai Chin, the Trans-Karakoram Tract, and ... .

fra https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_China

Samfunnsgeografi

Chinese history ... explained ... several strategic areas, defined by particular topographic limits.

the Chinese central plain, the former heart of the Han populations, the Han people expanded militarily and then demographically toward the Loess Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and "the Southern Hills" ... Pushed by its comparatively higher demographic growth, the Han continued their expansion by military and demographic waves.

The far-south of present-day China, the northern parts of today's Vietnam, and the Tarim Basin were first reached and durably subdued by the Han dynasty's armies. The Northern steppes were always the source of invasions into China, which culminated in the 13th century by Mongolian conquest of the whole China and creation of Mongolian Yuan dynasty. Manchuria, much of today's Northeast China, and Korean Peninsula were usually not under Chinese control, with the exception of some limited periods of occupation. Manchuria became strongly integrated into the Chinese empire during the late Qing dynasty, while the west side of the Changbai Mountains, formerly the home of Korean tribes, thus also entered China.

elvar

The longest river in South China is the Zhujiang (Pearl River), which is 2,214 kilometers long. Along with its three tributaries, the Xi (West), Dong (East), and Bei (North) rivers, it forms the Pearl River Delta near Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Macau, and Hong Kong.

Grense-konfliktar

Territor _

... to the Han Chinese, the homeland has been defined by national borders which are more or less accepted internationally. This is because the Han Chinese are the largest population and have most influence politically than any other ethnic population in China. To the Han Chinese population, the territory of the country is defined by the regions of Tibet, inner Mongolia, Manchuria, and the Xinjiang Province which is the most western land of China. ...

Central Asia

Vest:

Pamir Mountains area, a region of soaring mountain peaks and glacier-filled valleys where the borders of Afghanistan, Pakistan, the former Soviet Union, and China meet in Central Asia. North and east of this region, some sections of the border remained undemarcated in 1987. The 6,542 kilometres (4,065 mi) frontier with the Soviet Union has been a source of continual friction. In 1954 China published maps showing substantial portions of Soviet Siberian territory as its own. In the northeast, border friction with the Soviet Union produced a tense situation in remote regions of Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang along segments of the Argun River, Amur River, and Ussuri River. Each side had massed troops and had exchanged charges of border provocation in this area. In a September 1986 speech in Vladivostok, the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev offered the Chinese a more conciliatory position on Sino-Soviet border issues. In 1987 the two sides resumed border talks that had been broken off after the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (see Sino-Soviet relations). Although the border issue remained unresolved as of late 1987, China and the Soviet Union agreed to consider the northeastern sector first. In October 2004, China signed an agreement with Russia on the delimitation of their entire 4,300 km (2,700 mi)-long border, which had long been in dispute.

Southern border

Eastward from Bhutan and north of the Brahmaputra River (Yarlung Zangbo Jiang) lies a large area controlled and administered by India but claimed by the Chinese. The area was demarcated by the British McMahon Line, drawn along the Himalayas in 1914 as the Sino-Indian border; India accepts and China rejects this boundary. In June 1980 China made its first move in twenty years to settle the border disputes with India, proposing that India cede the Aksai Chin area in Jammu and Kashmir to China in return for China's recognition of the McMahon Line; India did not accept the offer, however, preferring a sector-by-sector approach to the problem. In July 1986 China and India held their seventh round of border talks, but they made little headway toward resolving the dispute. Each side, but primarily India, continued to make allegations of incursions into its territory by the other. Most of the mountainous and militarized boundary with India is still in dispute, but Beijing and New Delhi have committed to begin resolution with discussions on the least disputed middle sector. India does not recognize Pakistan's ceding lands to China in a 1964 boundary agreement.

The China-Burma border issue was settled October 1, 1960, by the signing of the Sino-Burmese Boundary Treaty. The first joint inspection of the border was completed successfully in June 1986.

India: On May 15, 2015, Mr. Li from China and Mr. Modi from India held talks at the Great Hall of the people during Modi's China tour. The two leaders held talks on border disputes that began in 1914 when the British still controlled India and signed an agreement with Tibet to make the McMahon line the de facto boundary between India and China, even though China had rejected this agreement. Both countries had various claims to disputed territories such as the South Tibetan region of Zangnan which is considered to be part of the Arunachal Pradesh state in India. So far there have been only talks and no solutions and tensions continue to rise as each country continues to increase regional influences.[14]

Seas

China is involved in a complex dispute with Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei over the Spratly (Nansha) Islands in the South China Sea. The 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" eased tensions but fell short of a legally binding code of conduct desired by several of the disputants. China also controls the Paracel (Xisha) Islands, which are also claimed by Vietnam, and asserts a claim to the Japanese-administered Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands in the East China Sea.

South China Sea: On June 16, 2011, the Chinese government sent out one of its largest patrol ships known as the Haixun-31 which the Chinese government describe as routine. The ship will pass the Paracel and Spratly Islands and make its way up from the Malaysian to Filipino coast. Vietnam, China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Brunei and Malaysia all have competing claims to the Spratlys Islands while Beijing and Hanoi are in dispute over the Paracel islands. Hanoi has proposed a multilateral solution between the Asian countries but China says that it prefers to negotiate with individual states separately.[15]

Border security

The security and strength of the Chinese borders vary depending on the location of the section of the border in question. This is due to the nature of the borders as well as the physical geography of the country. China has a large territory, about the same size as the United States, but the actual distribution of population is highly disproportionate. Sixty percent of the population live on the east coast of China which is only 22 percent of its territory while the other 78 percent lying inland is sparsely populated with ethnic minorities such as Tibetans, Kazakhs, Uighurs, and other Chinese Muslim groups. Many of these groups have little to no loyalty to the central government of China further adding to the strained security of China's borders. The regions of Xinjiang and Tibet in particular harbor strong separatist movements[13]

Tibet: Many Tibetans protest and actively support the Dalai Lama who lives in exile in what he calls "autonomous Tibet". The Chinese authorities charge him of promoting Tibetan independence and will not allow him to come back into the country or he will face arrest. In May 2018, a Tibetan activist known as Tashi Wangchuk was sentenced to prison for five years as he voiced his concerns over that Tibetan culture was being destroyed by the Chinese government. Amnesty International denounced this sentencing to be "beyond absurd" but his release is still dated to be in 2021.[16]

Xinjiang: In the region of Xinjiang, Uighur separatists have engaged in acts of violence to promote independence. These Chinese Muslims have garnered support from neighboring areas in central Asia and Turkey both politically and economically. However, many of these efforts have been shut down by Chinese officials. The Xinjiang region is facing large scale immigration of Han Chinese people but the Uighurs still make up 8 out of the 19 million inhabitants. In August 2018, a UN human rights panel cited "creditable reports" that more than one million people in the region were being held in counter extremism centers in Xinjiang but Chinese officials claimed that only "religious extremist" Uighurs were undergoing re-education and resettlement.[17]

China-Russia Relations: China and the Soviet Union signed an alliance in 1950 building on their communist relations that dated back to the 1920s. In the wake of the 1960s Sino-Soviet split, and for 25 years after the split, the border between China and Russia was one of the most unfriendly borders in the world. At one point over "one and a half million troops armed with nuclear weapons" were installed along the two sides of the border. Relations improved in the mid 1980s but this is due to Russia's decrease in power and threat to the Chinese government.[13]

Due to China's ancient history and central location in the geography of Asia, it is surrounded by potential enemies and many complicated rivalries. The government plays the fine line between domination and cooperation in order to preserve their national identity and borders. However, due to the nature of their political geography, the borders are very much volatile and disputes continue to exist in different areas of the border.

Tajikistan: On January 13, 2011, the country of Tajikistan agrees to cede land to the Chinese government. The Tajik parliament voted to ratify a 1999 deal to cede 1000 square kilometers of land in the remote Pamir Mountain range which the Chinese claim thoroughly resolved the century long border dispute. China is the largest investor in the Tajik economy especially in the energy and infrastructure sectors.[18]

==

nabo-provins til Taiwan

"čuanжå / (Chüanchow_) / Цюаньчжоу

nabo-provins til Hong Kong

Shantou (Swatow)

Administrative einingar på provinsnivå i Kina