CN112421732B - Energy storage method and system based on heterogeneous battery architecture - Google Patents
Energy storage method and system based on heterogeneous battery architecture Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
- B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a battery technology, and discloses an energy storage method and system based on a heterogeneous battery architecture, which comprises at least one group of first characteristic batteries, at least one group of second characteristic batteries and a controller (5); the first characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a first battery pack (1), and the second characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a second battery pack (2); the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack, and the battery packs are connected in series with a control device (4); the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) are connected in series with resistors. By matching the two batteries with different characteristics to the consistent voltage platform and clamping the voltage between the two batteries with different characteristics, the whole energy storage system does not need additional overvoltage protection, so that the design cost is low; and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the characteristic battery; the energy storage system combines two independent battery systems together, so that the use amount of each battery is further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the space and the weight are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery technology, in particular to an energy storage method and system based on a heterogeneous battery architecture.
Background
At present, the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the power system can be realized through the following four routes: the weight is reduced, namely the preparation quality of a single vehicle is greatly reduced; MHEV (Micro Hybrid Electric Vehicle) Micro-mixing technology (48V system or 12V system); HEV remixing technology; EV and PHEV technologies. The MHEV micro-mixing technology and the HEV remixing technology are both adopted on the traditional power architecture, and compared with the MHEV micro-mixing technology and the HEV remixing technology, the MHEV micro-mixing technology and the HEV remixing technology have higher loading speed; the market of the HEV system is limited, and the HEV system is subject to top clamping and bottom tapping of micro-hybrid PHEV; the electricity demand brought by intellectualization can be met by the micro-mixing system.
The energy storage system of the first generation 12V micro-hybrid system installed on the current partial vehicle mainly takes 12V AGM lead acid as a main component, and meanwhile, in order to obtain better emission reduction effect, user experience and meet the requirement of recent vehicle electronization, a second generation micro-hybrid system is developed, and at present, two routes of 48V BSG and 12V BSG exist.
Wherein, 12V BSG has low cost and low energy-saving effect (5-7%), an AGM lead-acid battery is still adopted, but the service life of the battery is short, and the user bears the replacement cost; the 48V lead-acid battery has high cost and obvious energy-saving effect (10% -15%), adopts a 12V AGM lead-acid battery and a 48V lithium battery (the requirement of low temperature and high multiplying power needs to be met), has high cost, is independent of the two, and is connected through a bidirectional DC/DC.
For example, the patent names: a micro hybrid power system with a plurality of batteries connected in series has the following patent application numbers: CN201310355250.2; the application date is: 2013-08-15, which is a Micro Hybrid power system with a plurality of batteries connected in series, and belongs to the technical field of Micro Hybrid (Micro Hybrid) power systems. The micro hybrid power system at least comprises a motor in a start-stop system of a vehicle and a battery module used for driving the motor and/or recovering and storing electric quantity generated by the motor; the battery module comprises N batteries which are sequentially connected in series, each battery has the same rated voltage value which is suitable for the vehicle-mounted electronic load system, wherein N is an integer which is greater than or equal to 2, and the N is set so that the rated voltage value of the battery module is lower than the maximum safe voltage value of a human body.
For example, patent names, energy devices and systems having batteries and supercapacitors; patent application No.: 201280023856.X; the application date is: 2012-03-16; a battery system is described that includes a housing that conforms to a standard form factor, such as a group specified by the battery council international. A battery and at least one supercapacitor are disposed in the housing and are interconnected to provide electrical energy at battery terminals. Control and/or regulating circuitry may also be provided in the housing and interconnected with the battery and the supercapacitor. The battery system may be designed to retrofit existing batteries, such as in vehicles and other applications. The use of a standard form factor enables little or no change to the physical and electrical system used to house the battery system.
Two different energy storage systems are adopted, and the two separated energy storage systems are connected through a DC/DC transformer.
The patent names are: dual storage systems and methods having lithium ion and lead acid battery cells; application No.: 201380078366.4; application date: 2013-12-16, the patent application states that a battery system may include a plurality of battery cell assemblies electrically connected in series. A first battery cell assembly of the plurality of battery cell assemblies includes a first lithium ion battery cell and a first lead acid battery cell electrically connected in parallel with the first lithium ion battery cell such that the first lead acid battery cell is configured to resist overcharging and overdischarging of the first lithium ion battery cell.
And by utilizing the characteristics of the voltage platform, the lithium battery is protected from overcharge and overdischarge through the lead-acid battery, and the lithium battery is only protected by the lead-acid battery.
In the prior art, a plurality of battery packs are required to be integrally realized by mutually independent energy storage systems, batteries with different characteristics can independently meet the starting requirements of the batteries, the energy storage systems are all provided with DC/DC transformers, the DC/DC transformers need to work in two directions, and the whole energy storage system is high in overall cost, low in integration level, large in size, low in energy saving efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an energy storage method and system based on a heterogeneous battery framework, aiming at the defects that in the prior art, a plurality of battery packs need to be integrated and realized by mutually independent energy storage systems, batteries with different characteristics can independently meet the starting requirements, the energy storage systems all contain DC/DC transformers, the DC/DC transformers need to work bidirectionally, and the whole energy storage system has high overall cost, low integration level, large volume and low energy-saving efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
an energy storage system based on a heterogeneous battery architecture, comprising at least one group of first characteristic batteries and at least one group of second characteristic batteries; the first characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a first battery pack, and the second characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a second battery pack; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are both connected in series with a resistor.
By matching two batteries with different characteristics to a consistent voltage platform, only a common lead-acid battery is needed, and an AGM lead-acid battery is not needed; only a common lithium battery (a special case is a lithium iron phosphate battery) is needed, and a low-temperature high-rate lithium battery (a special case is a low-temperature high-rate lithium iron phosphate battery) is not needed; because two batteries with different characteristics are combined in one system, the capacity of both the lead-acid battery and the lithium battery can be reduced; the lithium battery protection becomes simple, and the cost of a control system is reduced; the lead-acid battery control and the lithium battery are directly connected, so that an IBS (IBS-based detection sensor) of the lead-acid battery is omitted; lead acid batteries maintain high SOC, improving life; intrinsic redundancy can provide fault tolerance; based on the fact that two batteries with different characteristics are matched to a consistent voltage platform, independent replacement of lead-acid batteries and lithium batteries can be kept through a specific structural design; meanwhile, the large specific heat liquid contained in the lead-acid battery has a temperature control effect on the lithium battery, so that the service life of the lithium battery is effectively prolonged, and unnecessary lithium battery thermal management design is saved.
The energy storage system combines two independent battery systems together, so that the use amount of each battery is further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the space and the weight are saved. The energy storage system combines two independent battery systems together, so that the use amount of each battery is further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the space and the weight are saved.
Preferably, the battery pack further comprises 2 shunts, namely a first shunt and a second shunt, wherein the first shunt is connected with the first battery pack, and the second shunt is connected with the second battery pack.
The energy storage system is respectively connected with the shunts in series in different battery packs, and the current passing through each battery pack with different characteristics is detected in real time, so that the determination of the resistance value of the series resistor of the battery packs with different characteristics is facilitated.
Preferably, the battery pack further comprises 1 shunt, and the shunt is connected with the heterogeneous battery pack. The cost of the energy storage system is further reduced by designing a shunt.
Preferably, the battery pack further comprises a DC/DC transformer and a switch unit, and the first characteristic battery and the second characteristic battery are 2 groups or more than 2 groups; the DC/DC transformer is connected with the last characteristic battery in one battery pack, and the connected circuit is connected with the switch unit.
For designs of energy storage systems larger than 12V, the cost of the design is further reduced by connecting a DC/DC transformer in series with the last characteristic cell in one of the battery packs.
Preferably, the equivalent resistance comprises a cured non-adjustable resistance, a cured adjustable resistance or a switch controlled resistance.
Preferably, the first characteristic battery is a lead-acid battery, and the second characteristic battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
An energy storage method based on a heterogeneous battery architecture comprises the following steps:
constructing a heterogeneous battery pack, wherein first characteristic batteries are connected in series to form a first battery pack, and second characteristic batteries are connected in series to form a second battery pack; the first battery pack and the second battery pack are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack;
and determining the resistance value of the resistor, wherein the first battery pack and/or the second battery pack are/is connected with the resistor in series, and the resistance value of the resistor is determined through an equivalent resistor mathematical model or a mathematical model of a battery polarization curve.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: by matching two batteries with different characteristics to a consistent voltage platform, only a common lead-acid battery is needed, and an AGM lead-acid battery is not needed; only a common lithium battery (a special case is a lithium iron phosphate battery) is needed, and a low-temperature high-rate lithium battery (a special case is a low-temperature high-rate lithium iron phosphate battery) is not needed; because two batteries with different characteristics are combined in one system, the capacity of both the lead-acid battery and the lithium battery can be reduced; the lithium battery protection is simplified, and the cost of a control system is reduced; the lead-acid battery control and the lithium battery are directly connected, so that an IBS (IBS-based detection sensor) of the lead-acid battery is omitted; lead acid batteries maintain high SOC, improving life; intrinsic redundancy can provide fault tolerance; based on the fact that two batteries with different characteristics are matched to a consistent voltage platform, the lead-acid battery and the lithium battery can be independently replaced through a specific structural design; meanwhile, the high specific heat liquid contained in the lead-acid battery has a temperature control effect on the lithium battery, so that the service life of the lithium battery is effectively prolonged, and unnecessary thermal management design of the lithium battery is saved.
The energy storage system combines two independent battery systems with different characteristics, so that the use amount of batteries with various characteristics is further reduced, the cost is reduced, and the space and the weight are saved.
For the design of the energy storage system with the voltage larger than 12V, when the first characteristic battery and the second characteristic battery are 2 groups or more than 2 groups, the charging imbalance caused by the imbalance design is made up through the imbalance design of the series batteries in the characteristic battery pack and the mode that the DC/DC transformer is connected with the last characteristic battery in one group of battery packs in series for power supplement, and the design cost of the energy storage system is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a composition diagram of a heterogeneous battery pack of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a composition diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the micro-hybrid system based on a 12V energy storage system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the micro-hybrid system based on a 48V energy storage system.
FIG. 5 is a view of the composition of embodiment 8 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a calibration graph of an equivalent resistance model of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a measurement graph of a polarization model of a battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a composition diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the above figures are as follows: the power supply comprises 1-a first battery pack, 2-a second battery pack, 3-a current divider, 31-a first current divider, 32-a second current divider, 4-a control device, 5-a controller and 6-a switch unit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
An energy storage system based on a heterogeneous battery architecture, comprising at least one set of first characteristic cells, at least one set of second characteristic cells and a controller 5; the first characteristic cells are connected in series to form a first battery pack 1, and the second characteristic cells are connected in series to form a second battery pack 2; the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack, wherein one battery pack is connected with a control device 4 in series; the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are connected in series with a resistor.
The control device is a controllable fuse (recoverable and non-recoverable), a MOS tube switch or a relay.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, this embodiment can be seen from fig. 8, which includes a group of first characteristic cells and 4 groups of second characteristic cells. The whole energy storage system is a 12V energy storage system; the composition diagram of the micro-hybrid system based on the 12V energy storage system is shown in the attached figure 3.
The first characteristic battery is a lead-acid battery, and the second characteristic battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
Example 3
On the basis of embodiment 1, a method for implementing an energy storage system of a heterogeneous battery architecture includes the following steps:
constructing a heterogeneous battery pack, wherein first characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a first battery pack 1, and second characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a second battery pack 2; the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack;
and determining the resistance value of the resistor, wherein the first battery pack 1 and the second battery pack 2 are connected in series with the resistor, a mathematical model of the equivalent resistor is established, and calibration is carried out through calculation simulation.
The response of the cells at different temperatures is shown in fig. 7; firstly, measuring two battery responses under different temperature and different current working conditions through tests; calculating the equivalent internal resistance of the two batteries with different characteristics under different temperatures and different currents according to the response of the two batteries, wherein the equivalent internal resistance of the first battery is R 1 And the equivalent internal resistance of the second characteristic battery is R 2 ；
R 1 ＝ΔV 1 /ΔI 1 ，R 2 ＝ΔV 2 /ΔI 2 ；
ΔV 1 Voltage variation of the battery of the first characteristic, Δ I 1 Δ V, the amount of current change of the battery of the first characteristic 2 Voltage variation of battery of the second characteristic, Δ I 2 The current variation of the second characteristic battery;
according to the curve diagram, the resistance ratio R 1 /R 2 Comparing with the desired current distribution ratio, adding a matching resistor r 1 And r 2 Adjusting the position of the curve and (r) 1 +R 1 )/(r 2 +R 2 ) To determine r 1 And r 2 A value; according to the attached figure 7, the natural proportion curve of the battery, the target matching proportion curve, the non-thermosensitive material matching resistance curve and the thermosensitive material matching resistance curve can be determinedA drawing; by adjusting different matching resistance values r 1 And r 2 To a curve that yields the final output, to determine the appropriate r 1 And r 2 Resistance value; obtaining the final resistance r of the first characteristic battery in series connection 1 (ii) a Resistance r of series connection of second characteristic batteries 2 。
Example 4
On the basis of the above embodiment, unlike embodiment 3, the resistor is a cured adjustable resistor, and the resistor r of the first characteristic battery is connected in series 1 ' is a variable resistor; resistance r of second characteristic battery in series connection 2 ' is a variable resistor; by adopting the variable resistor, the production process uses unified components and parts, and the variable resistor r is adjusted 1 ’、r 2 ' to satisfy the proportional curve (r) of different batteries 1 ’+R 1 )/(r 2 ’+R 2 ) To obtain the final series resistance r of the first characteristic battery 1 '; resistance r of second characteristic battery in series connection 2 ’。
Example 5
Based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the energy storage system of this embodiment further includes 2 current dividers 3, which are a first current divider 31 and a second current divider 32, respectively, where the first current divider 31 is connected in series with the first battery pack 1, and the second current divider 32 is connected in series with the second battery pack 2. Unlike embodiments 3 and 4, the variable resistor is controlled on-line by the controller 5.
The controller obtains the current change delta I at the moment t 1 (t)、ΔI 2 (t), voltage change Δ V (t);
calculating the internal resistance R of each battery at the time t 1 (t)，R 2 (t)；
Obtaining a temperature T (T) at a time T;
calculating the matching proportion R at the time t 1 (t)/R 2 (T) and comparing with the target ratio target _ ratio (T);
variable resistance scale R (T + 1) = target _ ratio (T) × R at the time of determination of T +1 2 (t)-R 1 (t); the resistance is the output of the controller 5, which controls the variable resistance of the access characteristic battery.
Example 6
On the basis of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the heterogeneous battery packs are connected in series with a shunt 3, and the total current passing through the two battery packs is detected in real time.
Reading the total internal resistance R (t-1) of the battery, the matching resistance R (t-1), the current change delta I (t-1) and the voltage change delta V (t-1) at the time of t-1;
obtaining a matching resistor r (t), a current change delta I (t) and a voltage change delta V (t) at the moment t;
calculating R (t) = Δ V (t)/Δ I (t) at the time t;
calculating the internal resistance R of each battery at the time t 1 (t) and R 2 (t)；
Obtaining a temperature T (T) at a time T;
calculating the matching proportion R at the time t 1 (t)/R 2 (T) and comparing it with the target ratio target _ ratio (T) to determine the resistance at time T + 1; r (T + 1) = target _ ratio (T) × R 2 (t)-R1(t)。
Example 7
On the basis of the above embodiment, different from the above embodiment, the resistance of the present embodiment is determined by a mathematical model of a polarization curve of a battery, and according to fig. 6, a polarization curve establishment model of two batteries is obtained through an experiment, a solidified resistance is added to the model, a current distribution mode in actual operation is simulated, the resistance value of the resistance is continuously adjusted, materials with different temperature distributions are selected, and finally, the optimal matched resistance is determined.
Example 8
Based on the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment further includes a DC/DC transformer and a switching unit 6, where the first characteristic battery is a lead-acid battery, and the second characteristic battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
The first characteristic battery is 14-17 groups of lithium iron phosphate batteries (selected according to specific requirements of cost, service life, performance and the like); the second characteristic battery is 4 groups of lead-acid batteries;
the micro-hybrid system composition diagram based on the 48V energy storage system is shown in the attached figure 4, the first characteristic battery comprises 4 groups of lead-acid batteries, the switch unit 6 is connected with the 4 th group of lead-acid batteries of the first characteristic battery pack and then connected with the DC/DC transformer, one end of the DC/DC transformer is connected with the control switch and the 12V load, and the other end of the DC/DC transformer is grounded, namely the negative end of the shell.
The switch unit is a relay or a control switch.
For a 48V energy storage system, the voltage V' of the 4 th lead-acid battery of the first characteristic battery pack is first measured and the average voltage V of the other 3 lead-acid batteries m Comparing; obtaining the voltage difference Delta V of the lead-acid battery Lead acid ，
△V Lead acid ＝V m -V’；
△V Lead acid When the voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold value, the set threshold value is 0.3V, and the switch unit 6 is connected for charging;
when Δ V Lead acid When the voltage is smaller than the set threshold value, the switching unit 6 is turned off to stop charging.
Claims (5)
1. An energy storage method based on a heterogeneous battery architecture is characterized in that a current matching design is carried out on an energy storage system based on the heterogeneous battery architecture; the method comprises the following steps:
constructing a heterogeneous battery pack, wherein first characteristic batteries are connected in series with each other to form a first battery pack (1), and second characteristic batteries are connected in series with each other to form a second battery pack (2); the matching resistor is connected in series with the first battery pack (1) and/or the second battery pack (2); the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack; the matching resistors connected in series are used for distributing current between the two groups of battery packs; determination of the resistance value of the matching resistor: the first battery pack (1) is connected with a matching resistor r in series 1 And/or the second battery (2) is connected in series with a matching resistor r 2 Determining the resistance r of the resistor by means of a mathematical model of the equivalent resistance and/or a mathematical model of the polarization curve of the battery 1 And/or r 2 ；
The method for determining the resistance value of the resistor by the mathematical model of the equivalent resistor and/or the mathematical model of the polarization curve of the battery comprises the following steps:
firstly, through experiments, the battery responses under two dimensions of different temperatures and different current working conditions are measured, and the poles of two batteries with different characteristics are made according to the battery responses under the two dimensionsChanging the curve, and calculating the equivalent internal resistance of two batteries with different characteristics at different temperatures and different currents, wherein the equivalent internal resistance of the first battery is R 1 And the equivalent internal resistance of the second characteristic battery is R 2 Establishing an equivalent resistance mathematical model;
the resistance ratio R of two batteries with different characteristics 1 /R 2 Comparing the distribution curve under two dimensions with the expected current distribution ratio curve, and adding the preliminarily selected matching resistor r 1 And r 2 Adjusting the position of the curve and (r) 1 +R 1 )/(r 2 +R 2 ) The distribution form of (2); sequentially matching a battery natural proportioning curve graph, a target matching proportion curve graph, a non-thermosensitive material matching resistor and a thermosensitive material matching resistor curve graph; by adjusting different matching resistance values r 1 And r 2 To a curve that yields the final output, to determine r 1 And r 2 Resistance value; obtaining the final resistance r of the first characteristic battery in series connection 1 (ii) a Resistance r of series connection of second characteristic batteries 2 。
2. The energy storage method based on the heterogeneous battery architecture is characterized in that the energy storage system of the heterogeneous battery architecture comprises at least one group of first characteristic batteries and at least one group of second characteristic batteries; the first characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a first battery pack (1), and the second characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a second battery pack (2); the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack; the first battery pack (1) and/or the second battery pack (2) are/is connected with a resistor in series; the battery pack power supply system further comprises 2 shunts, namely a first shunt (31) and a second shunt (32), wherein the first shunt (31) is connected with the first battery pack (1), and the second shunt (32) is connected with the second battery pack (2); the resistor connected in series with the first battery pack (1) and/or the second battery pack (2) comprises a curing non-adjustable resistor, a curing adjustable resistor or a switch control resistor.
3. The energy storage method based on the heterogeneous battery architecture is characterized in that the energy storage system of the heterogeneous battery architecture comprises at least one group of first characteristic batteries and at least one group of second characteristic batteries; the first characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a first battery pack (1), and the second characteristic batteries are mutually connected in series to form a second battery pack (2); the first battery pack (1) and the second battery pack (2) are connected in parallel to form a heterogeneous battery pack; the first battery pack (1) and/or the second battery pack (2) are/is connected with a resistor in series; the power supply also comprises 1 shunt (3), and the shunt (3) is connected with the heterogeneous battery pack; the resistor connected in series with the first battery pack (1) and/or the second battery pack (2) comprises a curing non-adjustable resistor, a curing adjustable resistor or a switch control resistor.
4. The energy storage method based on the heterogeneous battery architecture is characterized by further comprising a DC/DC transformer and a switch unit (6), wherein the first characteristic battery and the second characteristic battery are 2 groups or more than 2 groups; the DC/DC transformer is connected with the last characteristic battery in one battery pack, and the connected circuit is connected with the switch unit (6).
5. An energy storage method based on a heterogeneous battery architecture according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first characteristic battery is a lead-acid battery, and the second characteristic battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery.
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