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Lantano

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Lanthanum, 57La
Lanthanum
Bigkas /ˈlænθənəm/ (LAN-thən-əm)
Appearancesilvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(La)
  • 138.90547±0.00007
  • 138.91±0.01 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Lanthanum sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson


La

Ac
bariumlanthanumcerium
Atomikong bilang (Z)57
Groupn/a
Period6
Block  f-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 5d1 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point1193 K ​(920 °C, ​1688 °F)
Boiling point3737 K ​(3464 °C, ​6267 °F)
Density (at 20° C)6.145 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)5.94 g/cm3
Heat of fusion6.20 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization400 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.11 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure (extrapolated)
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 2005 2208 2458 2772 3178 3726
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[4] +1,[5] +2, +3 (isang matapang na panimulang oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.10
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 538.1 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1067 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 1850.3 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 187 pm
Covalent radius207±8 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng lanthanum
Other properties
Crystal structureα form: ​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) (hP4)
Lattice constants
Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for α form: lanthanum
a = 0.37742 nm
c = 1.2171 nm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion5.1×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3][a]
Thermal conductivity13.4 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivityα, poly: 615 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[6]
Molar magnetic susceptibility+118.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[7]
Young's modulusα form: 36.6 GPa
Shear modulusα form: 14.3 GPa
Bulk modulusα form: 27.9 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod2475 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratioα form: 0.280
Mohs hardness2.5
Vickers hardness360–1750 MPa
Brinell hardness350–400 MPa
CAS Number7439-91-0
History
DiscoveryCarl Gustaf Mosander (1838)
Isotopes of lanthanum
Main isotopes[8] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
137La synth 6×104 y ε 137Ba
138La 0.089% 1.02×1011 y ε 138Ba
β 138Ce
139La 99.911% stable
Kategorya Kategorya: Lanthanum
| references

Ang Lanatano o Lanthanum ay isang elementong kimikal na may simbolong La at bilang atomiko na 57. Ito ay isang mapilak na putong elementong metaliko na kabilang sa pangkat 3 ng talaang peryodiko at ang unang elemento ng seryeng lantanido. Ito ay matatagpuan sa ilang mga bihirang mundong mineral na karaniwang kasama ng seryo at iba ng mga bihirang elementong mundo. Ang lantano ay maleable, duktilo at malambot na metal na nag-ooksidong mabilis kapag nalantad sa hanging. Ito ay nalilikha mula sa mga mineral na monasita at bastnäsite gamit ang masalimuot na maraming yugtong proseso ng ekstraksiyon. Ang mga kompuwestong lantano ay may maraming mga aplikasyon bilang mga katalista, mga aditibo sa salamin, pag-iilaw na karbono sa pag-iilaw ng studio at proheksiyon, ignisyon ng mga elemento sa mga lighter at mga tanglaw, mga mainit na katodo, mga sintilador at iba pa. Ang karbonatang lantano (La2(CO3)3) ay inaprobahan bilang gamot laban sa pagkabigo ng bato.

Mga sanggunian

[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Lanthanum" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2005.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes". Nature Communications (sa wikang Ingles). 12: 6467. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  6. Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  8. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)


Maling banggit (May <ref> tag na ang grupong "lower-alpha", pero walang nakitang <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag para rito); $2