Y-12 Yunshuji-12 (Transport aircraft 12)

The China Yun-12 transport aircraft is a developed model developed by Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Company (formerly Harbin Aircraft Factory) on the basis of the Yun-11, and has quickly become a commercially successful model in the Chinese aviation industry. The Yun-12 is a light multi-purpose aircraft, which can be used for passenger and cargo transportation, air drop and airborne, agricultural and forestry operations, geological exploration, and can also be converted into electronic intelligence, ocean monitoring, air tours and administrative special planes.

As a light multi-purpose transport aircraft, the Y-11 had the advantages of good low-speed performance, wide cockpit, good vision, low take-off and landing requirements, and convenient use and maintenance. However, the Yun-11 also has the problems of low reliability of the aircraft and engine, short overhaul interval, and the power of the two piston-6 D-type engines is still insufficient, the commercial horsepower is relatively small, and the operation economy is poor. The Harbin Aircraft Factory launched another general purpose aircraft development program-Y-12 after the Y-11 program. The Y-12 was powered by two PT6A-11 turboprops made in Canada and its performance was significantly improved.

In terms of specific design, the Y-12 adopts the layout of double engines, upper single wing with struts, single vertical tail and fixed landing gear. The rectangular wing is a double-spar diagonal strut structure, and the wing shape is NACA4412. The leading edge is equipped with automatically opening leading edge slats and flaperons which are linked with the trailing edge flaps.

The fuselage with rounded rectangular section is adopted, and 4 double folding board chairs are arranged in the cabin. After the board chair is stowed, it can be loaded. The cargo door with two large and small leaves is on the left side of the cargo compartment, and there are 8 plexiglass windows in the compartment. Adopt trapezoidal single vertical tail and rectangular anti-camber airfoil horizontal tail. The rudder surface adopts axial compensation and angle compensation at the same time, which is convenient for driving.

Elevators and rudders have cloth skins. The front and main landing gear are non-retractable, all are strut type, with oil and gas shock absorbers , suitable for taking off and landing on simple soil runways or grass. The main landing gear adopts double wheels with low pressure tires. A total of four metal fuel tanks are installed in the wings, which are supplied by gravity, and one metal consumption fuel tank is installed in each of the left and right engine compartments.

The pilot adopts the disc-type double control of the Y-column structure, and the foot control adopts the four-link mechanism foot pedal with adjustable front and rear positions. Electromechanical hybrid transmission flaps and ailerons, the rudder surface is controlled and controlled by a soft and hard hybrid mechanical transmission, and the adjustment pieces of the elevator and rudder are driven by an electric mechanism.

The air-conditioning system is used for engine starting and main landing gear braking. The power system is 2 ZF-15 DC generators and 1 12HK-30 battery, and the AC power is supplied by GBL-250 single-phase converter and SBL-40, SBL-125 three-phase converter.

The aircraft is equipped with a ventilation and heating system, and the windshield of the cockpit and the driver's feet are heated by the engine exhaust. The ram air inlet of the nose can suck in and send it to the cockpit for ventilation. There are 2 natural vents and 2 air outlets on the top of the cargo hold, and optional cabin heating and cabin forced ventilation.

On-board equipment includes CT-1 VHF radio, JDT-2 high frequency radio, JT-5A intercom, WL-7 radio compass, WG-4 radio altimeter and XS-6 beacon receiver. Optional Collins VHF-251 VHF radio, HF-220 high frequency radio, ALT-55B radio altimeter, VIR-351 VHF omnidirectional beacon system, DME-451 rangefinder, TDR-950 air Traffic control transponder and MCS-65 gyroscopic magnetic compass. With the above equipment, the Y-12 can fly in non-icing conditions under visual flight rules (VFR) and instrument flight rules (IFR). After the optional tail de-icing device is installed, it can meet the requirements of flying under icing conditions.

It is also equipped with a glass fiber reinforced plastic medicine box shared by powder and liquid, with a capacity of 1000 kg. 1 nylon seed bag with a capacity of 1.4 m3, 1 detachable pneumatic medicine pump with a maximum flow of 16 kg/s. The machine is equipped with two sets of spraying equipment of constant type and ultra-low volume type.

The Y-12, produced by the China Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation (HAMC), is a light multipurpose aircraft with fixed wing and twin propeller engines. It has excellent short taking-off and landing performance with low-level requirement for runway, and is also easily maintained and endurable.