Japanesegardens 12aug2020 PDF
Japanesegardens 12aug2020 PDF
The art of gardening is believed to be an important part of Japanese culture for many centuries.
Shinto, Buddhism and Taoism were used in the creation of different garden styles in order to
bring a spiritual sense to the gardens and make them places where people could spend their
time in a peaceful way and meditate
Core values of Japanese gardening have been largely shaped by Chinese culture and
tradition.
They used white gravel in temples as to keep areas clean and white as a means of enticing
the spirits and gods to visit these places.
Shintoism is not much the worship of rocks ,but the veneration of the spirit that
created those objects.
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
550-710 The history of the Japanese gardens goes back to around the 7th
century. The first Japanese gardens, that expressed Shinto, Buddhism
and Taoism visions can be traced back to the Asuka Period. They were
designed to capture the landscape in its natural form. From this period
the basic rules of designing gardens was established.
794-1185 Heian Period is the second very important chapter in the development
of Japanese garden art. Aristocratic style of gardens where created in
front of the mansion with artificial ponds and islands.
1185-1333 During the Kamakura Period and Muromachi Period garden-making
techniques improved considerably because of the rise of the Zen style.
1338-1573 Many gardens designed in that time were properties of successive
shoguns and daimios, who belong to the highest class in Japanese
society.
1603- 1867 Edo Period - the design ideas underlying the tea garden came to be
used on a palatial scale, resulting in the stroll garden, with carefully
composed sequences of landscape views.
1868-1912 Meijii Period - the stroll garden style was adopted by the rising class of
industrialists and merchants who became the new holders of wealth
and power. Famous gardens created after Meiji Period were frequented
by business people and politicians. Most of them are opened to the
public now and play a role in city parks.
Tsukiyama
• Plants and trees are often arranged in an asymmetric fashion, as are fences and
hedges.
• The clever use of space is unique where empty spaces are deliberately left
unfiled to create feeling of spaciousness and uncluttered calm.
9
6 3
The garden consists of a rectangular plot of pebbles surrounded by low earthen walls, with
15 rocks laid out in small groups on patches of moss. An interesting feature of the garden's
design is that from any vantage point at least one of the rocks is always hidden from the
viewer.
Ryoan-ji is the most famous and most austere Zen Buddhist garden. A rectangular
space is bounded on two sides by a verandah and on the other two sides by walls.
Within, the space is covered by raked quartz. Raking produces a pattern around 15
rocks in 5 groups in a significant mathematical relationship They are of 5, 2, 3, 2 and 3
rocks, which link the observer to an abstract conception of nature.
Ryoanji's garden is viewed from the Hojo, the head priest's former residence. Besides the
stone garden, the Hojo features some paintings on the sliding doors (fusuma) of
its tatami rooms, and a couple of smaller gardens on the rear side of the building. In one of
the gardens there is a round stone trough that cleverly incorporates its square water basin
into a Zen inscription, which students of kanji may be able to appreciate. The Hojo is
connected to the Kuri, the former temple kitchen, which now serves as the temple's main
entrance. tatami a rush-covered straw mat forming a traditional Japanese floor covering.
kanji a system of Japanese writing using Chinese characters, used primarily for content words.
Hojo- a member of a powerful family in Japan that ruled as regents in the name of the shoguns during the period 1203–1333.
Kuri- chestnut
Climate Analysis
GINKA-KU-JI TEMPLE (built 1484-90 onward)
D
View from C
View from next to E
Ginsadan (Sea
of silver sand)
Togudo (Hall of Eastern Quest)
Ginkakuji is one of the outstanding temples of the Muromachi era (1338-1573). Located in the
foothills on the east side of Kyoto, the temple is famous for its two-story Kannon Hall, the Silver
Pavilion, which takes its name from the anecdote that Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa, the
temple's patron, intended to cover the pavilion with silver leaf in imitation of the Golden Pavilion
(Kinkakuji) built by his grandfather. Although no silver was ever applied, the name lives on.
• Also known as Rokuon-ji, is a Zen Buddhist temple in Kyoto,
Japan.
• The Golden Pavilion is a three-story building on the grounds of
the Rokuon-ji
temple complex.
• The top two stories of the pavilion are covered with pure gold
leaf.
• The Golden Pavilion is set in a magnificent Japanese strolling
garden.
• The pavilion extends over a pond, called Kyoko-chi (Mirror
Pond), that reflects the building.
• The Kinkaku-ji grounds were built according to descriptions of
the Western
Paradise of the Buddha Amida, intending to illustrate a harmony
between
heaven and earth.
• The largest islet in the pond represents the Japanese islands.
• The four stones forming a straight line in the pond near the
pavilion are intended to represent sailboats anchored at night,
bound for the Isle of Eternal Life in Chinese mythology.
• The Kyoko-chi pond spreads in the central of the garden (south) with
the Kinugasa-yama mountain (north) in the background.
• Inside the pond are eight vary sized islands or famous rocks
dedicated by feudal lords of that time, expressing the Land of
Happiness by likening it to the Shichiho-ike pond drawn in the Jyodo
(paradise) mandala.
• The water falls in the Kinkaku-ji garden drop a distance of 2.3 meters before
emptying into the pool. In the pool are stones resembling carp (rigyoseki), in
reference to the ancient Chinese myth that when carp climb up waterfalls
they transform into dragons. The dragon itself is exemplified by the diagonal
rock seeming to rise up out of the water at the base of the falls.
Tranquillity Pond (Anmintaku, also known as Ushitaku and Bôuntaku) is a smallpool
surrounded by trees.
Because it never dried up, even during droughts, the pond was also used as a spot
at which to pray for rain.
In the centre is a small island with a five-element stupa known as the White Snake
Mound.
• In the front garden of the Abbot's Quarters is a kochô wabisuke tree planted by
Emperor Gomizunoo. This is the oldest living example of a kochô wabisuke tree, whic
is a variety of camella.
INTRODUCTION
These small gardens were originally
found in the interior courtyards
of Heian Period and palaces, and
were designed to give a glimpse of
nature and some privacy to the
residents of the rear side of the
building.
They were as small as one tsubo,or
about 3.3 square meters.
During the Edo Period, merchants
began building small gardens in the
space behind their shops, which faced
the street, and their residences,
located at the rear.
These tiny gardens were meant to be
seen, not entered, and usually had a
stone lantern, a water basin, stepping
stones and a few plants.
Today, tsubo-niwa are found in many
Japanese residences, hotels,
restaurants, and public buildings.
These intimate spaces are
created to provide a serene
entrance to a home and are
based on the principles of
Japanese tea gardens.
Carefully selected shaped trees
and shrubs usually form the basis
of these tiny gardens and often
the plantings are usually shade
loving since they are surrounded
by buildings.
Tsubo-niwa are not only for
courtyards, but for any small
space such as a rooftop garden,
narrow space between buildings
or a pathway. The concept
translates particularly well to
urban spaces.
Tsubo niwa do not need to be
made of bamboo and stone
lanterns.
They are entirely enclosed by
rooms or garden walls.
REFERENCES
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2099_types.html
http://web-japan.org/factsheet/en/pdf/26Gardens.pdf http://www.japan-
guide.com/e/e2099_elements.html http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2099_list.html
http://www.japanorbit.com/japanese-culture/japanese-garden.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_garden http://digitaljournal.com/article/353493
http://www.zen-garden.org/html/page_Overview.htm
http://jh2403a.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/japanese-influences-on-
modern-art/
https://www.orientalarchitecture.com/sid/215/japan/kyoto/ryoan-ji-temple
https://figuregroundgame.wordpress.com/tag/ryoan-ji/
https://ssb2013williamhaynes.wordpress.com/2013/10/24/assignment-3-the-climate-of-japan-
and-the-zen-temple-typology/