OPAmong the following fossil fuel reserves, which of the following has the longest time of depletion?

A. coal
B. petroleum
C. crude oil
D. natural gas
It is the passage of energy from one level to another as a result of one organism consuming another.
A. Trophy
B. Energy flow
C. Food chain
D. Food web
The equation CO2 + H2O + ∆ → C(H2O) + O2 is the representation of
A. photosynthesis
B. respiration
C. decomposition
D. burning
Which nutrient is taken up by producers from the atmosphere?
Oxygen
A.

Phosphorus
B.

Carbon
C.

D.
Nitrogen

These are parasites living inside the bodies of their host.

A. worms
B. detritus
C. endoparasites
D. ectoparasites
The following are examples of renewable energy resources EXCEPT
A. tidal forces
nuclear energy
B.

C. hydroelectric energy
D. geothermal energy
Anything that affects an organism during its lifetime
A. animals
B. system
C. environment
D. forces
An organism’s specialized role in the environment is called .
A. Preservation
 B. Niche
C. Invasion
D. Biodiversity
Terrestrial climax communities with wide geographic distribution.
A. Population
B. Biomes
C. Biosphere
D. Tundra
A brown or black carbon deposit derived from the accumulation and alteration of ancient vegetation.
A. petroleum
B. diesel
C. natural gas
D. coal
What does PAH mean?
A. Polycyclic Aroma Hydrogen
B. Polymeric Agent for Hydrocarbon
C. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
D. Polymeric Agent for Hydrocarbon
It is the process where complex organic materials are converted into inorganic CO2 and water.
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Oxidation
D. Decomposition
Water level where algal photosynthesis is reduced to the point that it only just matches respiration
A. respiration point
B. compensation point
C. benthic point
D. photosynthesis point
What is the loose translation of the word “autotrophs?”
A. detritus
B. self-feeders
C. consumers
D. self-managers
This contraction refers to the great variety present in all forms of life.
A. Preservation
B. Niche
C. Biodiversity
D. Invasion
Enormous populations under favourable conditions producing water color & distinctive odors & tastes
A. eplimnion
 B. facultative
C. algal bloom
D. obligate
Decomposers that can live with or without oxygen are called _.
A. Facultative
B. Detritus
C. Aerobic
D. Anaerobic
In the Ecosystem, the energy flow is
A. one directional
B. cyclical
C. reversible
D. non-existent
According to the energy pyramid, which class of organisms get the most amount of energy?
A. Decomposers
B. Producers
C. Consumers
D. Detritus
This is the term often used to describe engineered solar or photovoltaic cell systems designed to capture light
energy and convert it into electrical energy.
A. artificial respiration
B. artificial photosynthesis
C. evapotranspiration
D. artificial energy
Enormous populations under favourable conditions producing water color & distinctive odors & tastes
A. algal bloom
B. obligate
C. facultative
D. eplimnion
Terrestrial climax communities with wide geographic distribution.
A. Tundra
B. Population
C. Biosphere
D. Biomes
According to the energy pyramid, which class of organisms get the most amount of energy?
A. Producers
B. Detritus
C. Consumers
D. Decomposers
Which of these is not one of the “great spheres” of the Earth?
 A. hydrosphere
B. biosphere
C. atmosphere
D. lithosphere
The word given to describe the effects of when a water body becomes so rich in nutrients that the natural
wildlife is unable to survive.
Eutrophication
A.

B. Transpiration
Decay
C.

D. Nutrification
Decomposers that can live with or without oxygen are called _.
A. Anaerobic
B. Aerobic
C. Detritus
D. Facultative
A commensalism that is for transportation
A. metabiosis
B. inquilinism
C. competition
D. phoresy
Which of the following nutrients contribute to eutrophication?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Sulfur
D. Carbon
The strong interactions among living organisms and the various spheres of the abiotic environment described
through cycles of matter that involve biological, chemical, and geological processes and phenomena.

A. Ecosystem
B. Sustainable Development
C. Biogeochemical Cycle
D. Carbon Footprint Reduction
An organism’s specialized role in the environment is called .
A. Niche
B. Biodiversity
C. Invasion
D. Preservation
What genus of bacteria transforms ammonia to nitrite in the Nitrogen cycle?
A. Legumes
 B. Nitrobacter
C. detritus
D. Nitrosomonas
This is the process by which the chemical energy stored through photosynthesis is ultimately released to do
work in plants and other organisms.
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Decomposition
D. Oxidation

Surface volume of water in the ocean or a deep lake that receives sufficient light to support photosynthesis
A. eukaryote zone
B. facultative zone
C. prokaryote zone
D. euphotic zone
This is the study of the physical, chemical & biological characteristics of rivers & lakes.
A. Eutrophication
Limnology
B.

Riverology
C.

D. Hydrology
A brown or black carbon deposit derived from the accumulation and alteration of ancient vegetation.
A. coal
B. petroleum
C. diesel
D. natural gas
This is the nonliving component of ecosystem.
A. robotic
B. biotic
C. animatronic
D. abiotic

Which of the following does not belong to the group?

detritus
A.

consumers
B.

decomposers
C.

D.
producers

Carbon is deposited into the lithosphere as carbonates in the process called .

 A. Diffusion
B. Percolation
C. Fixation
D. Sedimentation
The word given to describe the effects of when a water body becomes so rich in nutrients that the natural
wildlife is unable to survive.
A. Nutrification
B. Transpiration
Decay
C.

D.
Eutrophication

The following are the processes that remove materials from the atmosphere except .
A. oxidation
B. sedimentation
C. evaporation
D. rain out
In the Ecosystem, the energy flow is
A. reversible
B. cyclical
C. non-existent
D. one directional
The science that deals with the relationships between living organisms with their physical environment and
with each other.
A. biology
B. chemistry
C. ecology
D. economics
Which is not a type of symbiosis?
A. competition
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. mutualism
The equation CO2 + H2O + ∆ → C(H2O) + O2 is the representation of
A. decomposition
B. burning
C. photosynthesis
D. respiration
What genus of bacteria transforms ammonia to nitrite in the Nitrogen cycle?
A. detritus
B. Legumes
 C. Nitrobacter
D. Nitrosomonas
This is the greenhouse gas that has the largest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
A. nitrous oxide
B. methane
C. carbon dioxide

D.
CFC

This is the greenhouse gas that has the largest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
A. nitrous oxide
B. methane
CFC
C.

D. carbon dioxide
These are organisms that eat plants, extracting energy and chemical building blocks to make more complex
substances; they are also the primary consumers
plantivores
A.

herbivores
B.

carnivores
C.

D.
omnivores

Evaporation and respiration

A. evapotranspiration
B. evaporation
C. evaporespiration
D. resuscitation
Surface volume of water in the ocean or a deep lake that receives sufficient light to support photosynthesis
A. euphotic zone
B. facultative zone
C. eukaryote zone
D. prokaryote zone
This is also known as biomagnification
A. bioenlargement
B. bioconcentration
C. biofixation
D. bioaccumulation
Starch, cellulose, fats, and protein are collectively termed as
A. organic matter
B. biomass
C. food
 D. nutrients
Which is related to soil?
A. biosphere
B. litosphere
C. hydrosphere
D. atmosphere
In ecosystem, the material flow is

A. One directional
B. Cyclical
C. Reversible
D. Non existent

This is the process by which the chemical energy stored through photosynthesis is ultimately released to do
work in plants and other organisms.
A. Photosynthesis
B. Oxidation
C. Decomposition
D. Respiration
Water level where algal photosynthesis is reduced to the point that it only just matches respiration
A. compensation point
B. respiration point
C. benthic point
D. photosynthesis point
According to the energy pyramid, which class of organisms get the most amount of energy?
A. Consumers
B. Detritus
C. Decomposers
D. Producers
Based on the world consumption of commercially provided energy, which of the following has the highest
percentage of consumption.
A. crude oil
B. hydroelectric power
C. natural gas
D. coal
What genus of bacteria transforms nitrite to nitrate in the Nitrogen cycle?
A. Nitrosomonas
B. Nitrobacter
C. Legumes
D. Detritus
These cycles are closely linked through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
 A. Mercury & sulphur
B. nitrogen & phosphorus
C. oxygen & carbon
D. carbon & nitrogen
What form of nitrogen is useful to plants?
A. Ammonia
B. Nitrogen Gas
C. Nitrites

D. Nitrates
The strong interactions among living organisms and the various spheres of the abiotic environment described
through cycles of matter that involve biological, chemical, and geological processes and phenomena.

A. Carbon Footprint Reduction

B. Sustainable Development
C. Biogeochemical Cycle
D. Ecosystem
A naturally occurring oil that consists chiefly of hydrocarbons with some other elements such as sulfur,
oxygen and nitrogen.
A. natural gas

B.
petroleum

C. coal
D. diesel
What genus of bacteria transforms ammonia to nitrite in the Nitrogen cycle?
A. Nitrosomonas
B. detritus
C. Nitrobacter
D. Legumes
According to the energy pyramid, which class of organisms get the most amount of energy?
A. Producers
B. Decomposers
C. Detritus
D. Consumers
Through which process is nitrogen gas broken down into simpler nitrogen species?
A. Salvation
B. Fixation
C. Denitrification
D. Nitrification
What genus of bacteria transforms ammonia to nitrite in the Nitrogen cycle?
A. Nitrobacter
B. detritus
 C. Legumes
D. Nitrosomonas
Carbon is deposited into the lithosphere as carbonates in the process called .
A. Fixation
B. Sedimentation
C. Diffusion
D. Percolation
Which is arranged in increasing order?
A. Biosphere, Individual, Population
B. Ecosystem, Community, Biomes
C. Community, Biomes, Population
D. Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere
Which of the following does not belong to the group?
arctic
A.

tropical
B.

humid continental
C.

D.
midlatitudinal (continental)

A naturally occurring oil that consists chiefly of hydrocarbons with some other elements such as sulfur,
oxygen and nitrogen.
A. diesel
petroleum
B.

C. coal
D. natural gas
It refers to the amount of oxygen consumed when all the biodegradable organic matter has been oxidized.
A.
COD

B. NBOD

C. BOD5
D. BODU

Refer to the attached picture and identify the part in question.

A.
Pump Station

B.
Odor Control

C.
Aeration Tank

D. Screening
Refer to the attached picture and identify the part in question.
A.
Land Remediation

B.
Clarifier

C.
Digester

D. Trickling Filter

Refer to the attached picture and identify the part in question.

A.
Digester

B.
Biogas

C.
Land Remediation

D. Tertiary Treatment

Refer to the attached picture and identify the part in question.

Primary Clarifier
A.
Sedimentation
B. Tank

Settling Tank
C.
All of the choices
D.

It refers to the amount of oxygen consumed when all the biodegradable organic matter
has been oxidized.
A. NBOD
B. COD

C. BOD5
D. BODU
The sludge from the primary and secondary sedimentation tanks are treated in a
A.
digester

B. sludger
C. grit chamber
D. clarifier
A wastewater treatment
A. discharges treated water into the surface water environment or used for another purpose
B. occurs at designed plants that accept municipal sewage from homes, business and industrial sites
C. is divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and advanced treatment

D. all of the choices

It removes 95% of the pollutant
A. primary treatment
B. advanced treatment
C. secondary treatment
D. tertiary treatment

Liquid that has percolated through solid waste and has extracted dissolved and suspended materials from it.
A. water

B. Leachate

C. Contaminated water
D. compost
A facility where collected wastes may be stored temporarily or transferred from several small collection
vehicles to larger vehicle for hauling to the destination point.
A. Transportation
B. compaction
C. Hauled container
D. transfer station
This refers to the compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs, and the potential environmental impacts of
a product system throughout its life cycle.
A. downcycling
B. MRF
C. solid waste management

D. life cycle assessment

When did RA 9003 take effect?
A. February 26, 2001
B. April 6, 1990
C. September 25, 2009
D. November 28, 2011
Which of these is not a source of MSW?
 A.
residential

B.
institutional

C.
commercial

D. agricultural

A clay-lined depression in which each day’s deposit of fresh garbage is covered with a layer of soil.
A. in-vessel system

B. Sanitary Landfill

C. Dumpsite
D. vermicomposting
All are factors influencing the composition of Municipal Solid Wastes EXCEPT:
A. Climate
B. Per income capita
C. Combustibility
D. Frequency of collection
Estimates of are important so that space requirements can be estimated for the waste at various stages
w/in the waste management system.
A.
waste density

B.
facilities

C.
source reduction

D. costs
This refers to non-putrescible wastes
A. exhaust
rubbish
B.

C. garbage
D. fume

r
Which of the following material is the most effective Liner in sanitary landfill?
A. Gravel
B. Activated carbon

C. Clay

D. Sand
Open burning of solid waste may get one imprisoned.
True

False
Refer to the attached picture and identify the part in question.
 A. gas recovery system
B. leachate collection system

C. liner

D. groundwater monitoring system

This is a microbial process that treats biodegradable wastes.
A.
isolation

B.
composting

C.
incineration

D. treatment
Which of the following should be the highest consideration in formulating waste management plans?
A. Landfilling

B.
Reduction

C. Recycling of materials
D. Incineration
His concept is used as basis for route optimization for solid waste collection
A. Leonard Fuller
B. Heuristic Davis
C. Simon Hoiler
D. Leonard Euler
Which of these is not one of the four main objectives of proper management of solid wastes?
comply with international law
A.
minimize cost
B.

C. address social concerns

D. protect the environment

What is the resin code of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) that is normally used for plastic bottles for soft
drinks and food jars?
A.
1

B. 2

C.
3

D. 4
What article number in Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 includes prohibition on open and
controlled dumps?
A.
6

B. 7
 C.
5

D. 8

Storage, collection, and of municipal solid waste typically accounts for 40 to 80 percent of the
total cost of solid-waste management.
A.
transport

B.
dumping

C.
recycling

D. incineration

Which truck is more appropriate for commercial collection of garbage?

A.
side-loading

B.
rear- or side-loading

C.
front-end loading

D. rear-loading
This is also known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.”
A.
RA 9003

B. DAO 24
 C. RA 2000
D. RA 6969
Which of these prohibited acts has, under Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of the Philippines, a
penalty of Fine of P300-P1,000, or Community service of 1-15 days in LGU where violation was made, or
both?
A. open burning of solid waste
B. Squatting in open dumps and landfills
C. Construction of establishment w/in 200 m from open dumps or sanitary landfills
D. littering, throwing, dumping of waste matters in public places
The following design criteria must be considered in landfilling except:
A. Buffer distance
B. Slopes
C. Aquifer distance
D. Temperature of solid waste to be dumped
In the study of Diaz, et al., 2003, food waste comprise what % of solid waste in Manila?
A.
45.5%

B.
20%

C.
80%

D. 5.5%
“Murf” is an important part of a sanitary landfill that shall include solid waste transfer station or sorting
station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility. What does “murf” mean?
A. Municipal waste Reduction Facility
B. Methane Recovery Facility
C. Material Recycling Facility

D. Material Recovery Facility

Any citizen may file civil, criminal or administrative action against any person who violates or fails to comply
with Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of the Philippines and its IRR.
True
False

What is the resin code of polystyrene?

A.
5

B.
8

C.
6

D. 7
Which truck is more appropriate for residential collection of garbage?
 A.
rear- or side-loading

B.
rear-loading

C.
side-loading

D. front-end loading
This refers to the process of recovering materials intended for the same or different purpose without the
alteration of physical and chemical characteristics. This also extends the life of the original product, thus
reducing wastes:
A.
downcycle

B.
reuse

C. reduce

D. recycle

(Cakile maritime) European searocket

Mining is one of the sources of groundwater contamination.
A.
True

B. False
Water conservation techniques are geared towards use of water.
A.
Consumptive

B. Nonconsumptive
All the precipitation that falls on a body of land runs off to nearby lakes and rivers.
A.
False

B. True
It refers to the cold, well-mixed layer of thermally stratified lakes.
A. Hypolimnion
B. Thermocline
C. Epilimnion
D. Metalimnion
Industrial and thermoelectric power use of water constitutes type of water use.
A. Consumptive
B. Nonconsumptive
It refers to nutrient-poor lakes that have low levels of algae and organic matter.
A. Stratrophic
B. Mesotrophic
C. Eutrophic
D. Oligotrophic
Which of the following processes is responsible for filling up the underground water resources?
A. Percolation
B. Photosynthesis
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
Which portion of the underground reservoir is saturated with water?
A. Water table
B. Zone of aeration
C. Capillary fringe
D. Zone of saturation
What percentage of the world’s waters is considered fresh?
A.
22%

B. 78%

C.
97%

D. 3%
It refers to the amount of oxygen consumed when all the biodegradable organic matter has been oxidized.
A.
NBOD

B. COD

C. BOD5
D. BODU
The 5-day BOD of a wastewater sample is expected to be 400 mg/L based on similar wastewaters. Assuming
an initial DO concentration of 10 mg/L, which of the following dilutions is correct?
A.
8

B.
100

C.
50

D. 400
What property of water allows ice to float?
A. High heat capacity
B. Transparent to visible light
C. Maximum density at 4°C
D. Excellent solvent
Which of the following is not a requirement for the laboratory determination of BOD?
A. held at 50°C
B. use of special bottle

C. done in the dark

D. done for 5 days

The following are the major sources of water pollution EXCEPT
A.
industrial waste

B.
mining

C.
sewage

D. agricultural and chemical wastes

The law that gives the DENR the right to establish national water quality standards and control techniques for
implementation by local government.
A. Clean Water Act
B. RA 2003
C. DAO 34
D. DAO 35
What problem is associated with desalination of saltwater for fresh water purposes?
A. High operational cost
B. Technical impossibility
C. Loss of habitat
D. High capital cost
The reduction of Phosphorus and sediment loading from cropland and rangeland is part of which lake
management strategy?
A. Nonpoint source control

B.
Dredging

C. Biomanipulation
D. Chemical inactivation
Water is able to transport nutrients and wastes. Which property is responsible for this?
A. polar molecule
B. maximum density as a liquid is 4°C
C. high heat capacity
D. transparent to visible light
The following are examples of point sources in wastewater pollution EXCEPT
A. fertilizers on agricultural lands
B. graveyards
C. mill tailings in mining areas
D. on-site septic system
A laboratory BOD test was carried out using 100% sample volume. What dilution factor should be used?
A.
1

B.
100

C.
3

D. 0
Eutrophication is a natural process.
 A.
True

B. False
Groundwater remediation strategies include means.
A.
all of these

B. biological
C. physical

D. chemical
Irrigation, because of the evaporation and percolation of the water used on crops, constitutes use
of water.
A.
Consumptive

B. Nonconsumptive
The saturation concentration of oxygen is constant at constant temperature.
A.
False

B. True
It refers to nutrient-poor lakes that have low levels of algae and organic matter.
A. Eutrophic
B. Mesotrophic
C. Oligotrophic
D. Stratrophic
In wastewater treatment, wastewater is aerated to
A. provide oxygen to the aerobic bacteria
B. prevent thermal pollution
C. all of the choices
D. decompose the organic matter at once
It removes 30-40% of the pollutant in the form of suspended solids.
A. advanced treatment
B. secondary treatment
C. primary treatment
D. tertiary treatment
Lakes are thermally stratified during winter and summer.
A.
True

B. False
Which of the following is not an effect of thermal stratification of lakes?
A. cycling of iron and phosphorus
B. depletion of oxygen
C. generation of ozone-depleting substances
D. fish kill
A water pollution source that discharges its wastes directly to bodies of water is referred to as .
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Point
D. Nonpoint
The use of icebergs as a water supply is one of the options in meeting water demands.
A. Reuse

B. Supply
What substance is used in chemical activation as part of engineered lake management strategies?
A.
silica

B.
teal

C.
charcoal

D. alum
A wastewater treatment
A. discharges treated water into the surface water environment or used for another purpose

B.
all of the choices

C. occurs at designed plants that accept municipal sewage from homes, business and industrial sites
D. is divided into three categories: primary, secondary, and advanced treatment
Among the following irrigation system, which is the most efficient?
A. center pivot
B. gravity flow
C. none of the choices
D. drip irrigation
An initial DO concentration of 10 mg/L was recorded during a laboratory BOD test. The final DO
concentration was found to be 4 mg/L. What is BOD5?
A.
indeterminate

B.
4

C.
6

D. 40

The following are the pollution control for sulfur dioxide except .
A.
collectors

B. flue gas desulfurization

C. washing the coal
D. coal gasification
This is the UV radiation used in the formation of ozone.
A.
UVD

B.
UVB

C.
UVA

D. UVC
has the shortest wavelength and is the most energetic of the types of ultraviolet radiation.
A.
UVA

B.
UVB

C.
UVC

D. UVD
Which of the following should be the highest consideration in formulating waste management plans?
A. Recycling of materials
B. Landfilling

C.
Reduction

D. Incineration
The polar stratospheric clouds are formed during the polar winter because of the lack of which results
from the tilt of Earth’s axis.
A.
wind

B. water

C.
earth

D. sunlight
Sources of particles include construction sites, agricultural fields, unpaved roads, fires, &
smokestacks
A. hazardous
B. secondary

C.
primary

D. pollutant
The potential for air pollution in urban areas is determined by .
A. the average speed of the wind

B.
all of the choices

C. the rate of emission of pollutants per unit area

D. the downwind distance that a mass of air moves through an urban area
Which of the following is not a mobile source of air pollutants?
A. automobile

B. smokestack
 C. ship
D. aircraft
During the polar winter, the Antarctic air mass is isolated from the rest of the atmosphere and circulates about the
pole in what is known as the Antarctic .
A. polar vortex
B. southern pole
C. polar vertex
D. northern pole
These are aqueous solution with pH values outside the range 2.0 to 12.5
A.
toxic

B. hazardous
C. flammable

D. corrosive
The following are the environmental effects of acid rain except .
A. damage to building materials
B. cause of skin cancer
C. loss of nutrients in the soil
D. acidification of lakes
Liquids with flash point below 60°C can be classified as:
A. corrosive
B. flammable
C. hazardous
D. toxic
This refers to non-putrescible wastes
A.
rubbish

B. garbage
C. fume
D. exhaust
Storage, collection, and of municipal solid waste typically accounts for 40 to 80 percent of the
total cost of solid-waste management.
A.
incineration

B.
dumping

C.
transport

D. recycling
The following are the environmental effects of ozone depletion except .
A. suppression of immune system
B. damage to Earth’s food chains
C. lung cancer
 D. skin cancer
This is the gas in the atmosphere with the highest percentage by volume.
A.
argon

B. oxygen

C.
nitrogen

D. carbon dioxide
Which of these has the highest removal efficiency, even for extremely small particles?
A. scrubber
B. cyclone
C. baghouse
D. electrostatic precipitator
A facility where collected wastes may be stored temporarily or transferred from several small collection
vehicles to larger vehicle for hauling to the destination point.
A. Hauled container
B. transfer station
C. Transportation
D. compaction
Which truck is more appropriate for commercial collection of garbage?
A.
side-loading

B.
rear-loading

C.
rear- or side-loading

D. front-end loading
What could be considered the greatest disadvantage of nuclear waste disposal into the atmosphere?
A. strong opposition
B. lack of technology
C. no volunteers

D. expensive