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April 1905

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April 5, 1905: Body of John Paul Jones located in Paris almost 113 years after his death
April 12, 1905: The Hippodrome, world's largest theater, opens in New York City with 5,000 seats

The following events occurred in April 1905:

April 1, 1905 (Saturday)

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April 2, 1905 (Sunday)

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Inside the Simplon Tunnel
  • The Simplon Tunnel through the Alps was opened to railway traffic.[2]
  • The government of Chile, having recently enlarged its territory by the settlement of its boundary dispute with Bolivia, announced that it wanted to acquire sovereignty over two provinces in Peru, Tacna and Arica.[2]

April 3, 1905 (Monday)

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April 4, 1905 (Tuesday)

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April 5, 1905 (Wednesday)

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Jones's body after being exhumed
  • The body of John Paul Jones, the Revolutionary War hero who was known as "The Father of the American Navy", was located in Paris almost 113 years after his death after a six-year search by U.S. Ambassador to France Horace Porter.[5] On April 20, the casket was located on April 5, and taken to the American Church of the Holy Trinity in Paris "where his coffin rested beneath a draped American flag to await its return to a grateful nation." and the remains were returned to the United States, where they now rest at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.
  • Electric streetcar transportation was introduced to the Philippines as the Tranvia system replaced horse-drawn trolleys in Manila.

April 6, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • A violent strike by the Teamsters' Union began in Chicago as the 10,000 members of the local United Brotherhood of Teamsters walked off the job to join 5,000 members of the 26 locals of the National Tailors' Association. After the Teamsters entered, rioting began on April 7 and would continue through August 1. Before the strike was settled, 21 people had been killed and 416 injured in what was the most deadly labor dispute in 20th century up to that time; it remains second only to the East St. Louis Riot of 1917.[6]

April 7, 1905 (Friday)

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April 8, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • Hundreds of people were killed in Spain in the collapse of a dam holding back a reservoir near Madrid.[2]
  • Died: Sarah E. Goode, 49, the second African-American woman to receive a U.S. patent, in 1885 for her invention of a folding bed

April 9, 1905 (Sunday)

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April 10, 1905 (Monday)

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  • The last legal executions in China by the practice of Lingchi, a method of slow torture called "death by a thousand cuts" because of the gradual severing of parts of the body, were carried out in Beijing on a condemned Mongol prisoner. "Fou-tchou-li", later referred to as Fuzhuli had been convicted of the murder of his master. Photographs were taken by French soldiers at the scene, leading to pressure on the Chinese government to abolish the penalty entirely.[8]
  • The Ottoman Empire's governor of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem in Ottoman Palestine issued a decree allowing Chechen immigrants, who had fled persecution in the Russian Empire, to own lands that they had settled on, leading to the rapid growth of the city of Zarqa, now located in Jordan.

April 11, 1905 (Tuesday)

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April 12, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • The New York Hippodrome, at the time the world's largest theater with 5,300 seats, had its grand opening with an extravagant show called A Yankee Circus on Mars, followed by the drama Andersonville.[9] The theater would be closed on August 16, 1939, to be demolished in order for the real estate to be sold for more than the building was worth.
  • The Diatto-Clément automobile company was founded in Italy as part of a partnership between the railway car manufacturer Diatto and the French carmaker Clément-Bayard.
  • The cities of Twin Falls, Idaho, and Alachua, Florida were incorporated.

April 13, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • Albert Libertad first published the journal L'Anarchie to promote the cause of individual anarchism in France.[10] The journal lasted until the outbreak of World War One in August 1914, with the final isue published on July 22, 1914.
  • Died: H. T. Craven, 87, English actor and playwright

April 14, 1905 (Friday)

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April 15, 1905 (Saturday)

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  • The FA Cup was won by Aston Villa over Newcastle United, 2 to 0, before a crowd of 101,117 people at the Crystal Palace stadium in South London.
  • The Norddeutscher Fußball-Verband (NFV), one of the earliest national soccer football leagues in Germany, was formed by the agreement of six regional associations (based in Hamburg, Bremen, Kiel, Hannover, Braunschweig and Mecklenburg) from eight different German kingdoms, principalities and duchies.

April 16, 1905 (Sunday)

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April 17, 1905 (Monday)

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April 18, 1905 (Tuesday)

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April 19, 1905 (Wednesday)

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  • The United Kingdom and the Republic of Nicaragua signed the Harrison-Altamirano Treaty, recognizing absolute Nicaraguan sovereignty over the Mosquito Coast. The new treaty annulled the 1860 Zeldon-Wyke Treaty that had preserved British authority on the Mosquito Indians reservation.

April 20, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • The largest ocean liner in the world at the time, the German cruiser SS Amerika was launched from Ireland's Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast for the Hamburg America Line.[12] It would go into service on October 11. After World War One, it was taken acquired by the United States Navy, which would rechristen it as USS America.

April 21, 1905 (Friday)

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  • The deputies of the Assembly of the island of Crete voted to unite with Greece, and swore their allegiance to the Hellenic constitution. The government of Greece announced that it would not recognize the Cretan proclamation.[13]
  • Born: Pat Brown, Governor of California 1959-1967; in San Francisco(d. 1996)
  • Died: Orville H. Platt, 82, U.S. Senator for Connecticut since 1879, known for the Platt Amendment providing terms for U.S. military withdrawal from, and eventual independence for, Cuba.

April 22, 1905 (Saturday)

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April 23, 1905 (Sunday)

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  • German General Lothar von Trotha commander of troops in Germany's colony of Südwestafrika (now Namibia), ordered the extermination of the Nama people within the colony's borders, ultimately killing 10,000 of the Africans.[14] Von Trotha's proclamation Aan de oorlogvorende Namastamme, proclaimed that "The Nama who chooses not to surrender and lets himself be seen in German territory will be shot, until all are exterminated."[15] The Nama extermination followed an order by von Trotha on October 2, 1904, to kill the Ovaherero people in the colony.[16]
  • Died: Joe Jefferson, 76, American comedian and actor

April 24, 1905 (Monday)

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  • China's Empress Regent Cixi (Tzu Hsi) abolished further use in executions of the nation's three most cruel torture execution methods, lingchi ("death by a thousand cuts"), gibbeting (similar to crucifixion, hanging until dying of exposure, thirst or starvation), and desecration of a dying person.[17]

April 25, 1905 (Tuesday)

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April 26, 1905 (Wednesday)

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April 27, 1905 (Thursday)

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  • General Alexander Alexandrovich Kozloff was appointed as the new Governor-General of Moscow, replacing the recently assassinated Grand Duke Sergius.[13]

April 28, 1905 (Friday)

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  • A tornado struck Laredo, Texas and killed 16 people: nine in Laredo, seven in Nuevo Laredo.
  • Herbert W. Bowen, the U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela, was removed from office the Department of State and directed to return to the U.S. to explain charges made against him by the Assistant U.S. Secretary of State Francis B. Loomis (who had been Bowen's predecessor as Ambassador). The State Department replaced with William W. Russell, the U.S. Ambassador to neighboring Colombia.[13]

April 29, 1905 (Saturday)

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April 30, 1905 (Sunday)

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References

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  1. ^ Blake, Richard. The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985. Caterham: Marden. p. 20.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g The American Monthly Review of Reviews (May 1905) pp. 537-539
  3. ^ "The Gypsy Girl". New York Clipper. April 8, 1905.
  4. ^ Eileen Whitfield (2007). Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood. University Press of Kentucky. p. 38. ISBN 9780813120454.
  5. ^ Chris Dickon, The Foreign Burial of American War Dead: A History (McFarland, 2011) p. 38
  6. ^ Robert Fitch, Solidarity for Sale: How Corruption Destroyed the Labor Movement and Undermined America's Promise (Perseus Books, 2006)
  7. ^ Anders Kjellberg, The Membership Development of Swedish Trade Unions and Union Confederations Since the End of the Nineteenth Century (Lund University Press, 2017) pp. 88–97
  8. ^ "Chinese Torture", ChineseLegalCulture.org
  9. ^ "Hippodrome", by Rebecca Read Shanor, in The Encyclopedia of New York City, ed. by Kenneth T., Jackson (Yale University Press, 2010)
  10. ^ Normand Baillargeon, Order Without Power: An Introduction to Anarchism: History and Current Challenges (Seven Stories Press, 2013)
  11. ^ "Religious Freedom Since 1905— Any Progress in Russia?" by Irina Budkina, in Journal of Religion in Eastern Europe (May 2006) p. 24
  12. ^ James E. Wise, Jr. and Scott Baron, "Appendix A. Early Ships Named USS America", in At the Helm of USS America: The Aircraft Carrier and Its 23 Commanders, 1965-1996 p. 229
  13. ^ a b c d e f The American Monthly Review of Reviews (June 1905) pp. 665–668
  14. ^ "Hendrik Witbooi and Samuel Maharero", by Werner Hillebrecht, in Re-Viewing Resistance in Namibian History, ed. by Jeremy Silvester (University of Namibia Press, 2015) p. 51
  15. ^ "Talking About Genocide: Namibia 1904", Peace Pledge Union
  16. ^ "Spotlight on Shark Island", by Cindy Van Wyk, Namibian Sun (Windhoek), November 26, 2021
  17. ^ "Traditionalising Chinese Law", by Li Chen, in Chinese Legal Reform and the Global Legal Order: Adoption and Adaptation, ed. by Yun Zhao and Michael Ng (Cambridge University Press, 2018) p. 198
  18. ^ "The Montgomery Aeroplane", . Scientific American (May 1905) p. 404
  19. ^ Piotr Olender, The Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904–1905, Volume 2: Battle of Tsushima" (Straus Publishing, 2010) p. 175