Mfumo radidia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Henry_Moseley_%281887-1915%29.jpg/220px-Henry_Moseley_%281887-1915%29.jpg)
Mfumo radidia (pia: jedwali la elementi, en:Periodic table of elements) ni mpangilio wa elementi za kikemia kufuatana na namba atomia. Mpangilio huanza na namba ndogo. Namba atomia yatokana na idadi ya protoni katika kiini cha atomi.
Elementi hupangwa kwa radidi (periodi) na makundi.
Kuna radidi 7 zinazoonekana kama mstari wa kulala katika mpangilio huo. Kati ya radidi saba radidi na. 1 ina elementi mbili tu yaani hidrojeni na heli. Radidi na. 2 na radidi na. 3 zote zina elementi 8, kuna pia radidi kubwa zaidi.
Makundi yaonekana katika nguzo za kusimama. Kuna makundi 18. Elementi ndani ya kundi moja zina idadi sawa za elektroni za nje yaani kwenye mzingo elektroni wa nje. Kwa hiyo tabia zao zinafanana kikemia. Kwa mfano, kundi la 18 launganisha gesi zisizoathiri elementi nyingine kama vile heli, xenoni na arigoni.
Mfumo radidia ilianzishwa na wanakemia wawili mnamo mwaka 1869, ingawa Mrusi Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907) na Mjerumani Julius Lothar Meyer (19 Agosti 1830 - 11 Aprili 1895) walifanya kazi kila mmoja peke yake.
Mfumo radidia wa elementi
[hariri | hariri chanzo]Kundi → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radidi ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||||
1 | 1 H |
2 He | ||||||||||||||||||
2 | 3 Li |
4 Be |
5 B |
6 C |
7 N |
8 O |
9 F |
10 Ne | ||||||||||||
3 | 11 Na |
12 Mg |
13 Al |
14 Si |
15 P |
16 S |
17 Cl |
18 Ar | ||||||||||||
4 | 19 K |
20 Ca |
21 Sc |
22 Ti |
23 V |
24 Cr |
25 Mn |
26 Fe |
27 Co |
28 Ni |
29 Cu |
30 Zn |
31 Ga |
32 Ge |
33 As |
34 Se |
35 Br |
36 Kr | ||
5 | 37 Rb |
38 Sr |
39 Y |
40 Zr |
41 Nb |
42 Mo |
43 Tc |
44 Ru |
45 Rh |
46 Pd |
47 Ag |
48 Cd |
49 In |
50 Sn |
51 Sb |
52 Te |
53 I |
54 Xe | ||
6 | 55 Cs |
56 Ba |
* |
72 Hf |
73 Ta |
74 W |
75 Re |
76 Os |
77 Ir |
78 Pt |
79 Au |
80 Hg |
81 Tl |
82 Pb |
83 Bi |
84 Po |
85 At |
86 Rn | ||
7 | 87 Fr |
88 Ra |
** |
104 Rf |
105 Db |
106 Sg |
107 Bh |
108 Hs |
109 Mt |
110 Ds |
111 Rg |
112 Cn |
113 Nh |
114 Fl |
115 Mc |
116 Lv |
117 Ts |
118 Og | ||
* Lanthanidi | 57 La |
58 Ce |
59 Pr |
60 Nd |
61 Pm |
62 Sm |
63 Eu |
64 Gd |
65 Tb |
66 Di |
67 Ho |
68 Er |
69 Tm |
70 Yb |
71 Lu | |||||
** Aktinidi | 89 Ac |
90 Th |
91 Pa |
92 U |
93 Np |
94 Pu |
95 Am |
96 Cm |
97 Bk |
98 Cf |
99 Es |
100 Fm |
101 Md |
102 No |
103 Lr |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Dmitri_Mendeleev_1890s.jpg/220px-Dmitri_Mendeleev_1890s.jpg)
- Elementi ndani ya mistari kamili zina isotopi thabiti
- Elementi ndani ya mistari iliyovunjika zapatikana kama isotopi nururishi tu
- Elementi ndani ya mistari ya nukta hazipatikani kiasili kwa sababu kiwango cha unururifu ni kubwa kiasi hazidumu hivyo zatengenezwa kwa mitambo (Elementi sintetiki)
- Elementi bila mistari hazikupatikana bado zimekadiriwa tu.
Mfululizo safu wa kikemia katika mfumo radidia