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HLX (gene)

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HLX
Identifiers
AliasesHLX, HB24, HLX1, H2.0 like homeobox
External IDsOMIM: 142995; MGI: 96109; HomoloGene: 7363; GeneCards: HLX; OMA:HLX - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_021958

NM_008250

RefSeq (protein)

NP_068777

NP_032276

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 220.88 – 220.89 MbChr 1: 184.46 – 184.46 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Homeobox Protein HB24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLX gene.[5][6][7]

Role in development

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Hlx belongs to the class of homeobox transcription factors, initially cloned from a B-lymphocyte cell line.[8] Targeted knockout of the gene has demonstrated its vital role in liver and gut organogenesis.[9] Its expression is first noticed in embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) in the splanchnic mesoderm caudal to the level of the heart and foregut pocket, and in the branchial arches. Around E10- E12.5, the expression becomes more prominent in the mesenchyme of the visceral organs of the gut such as liver, intestines and gall bladder.[10] Hlx is essential for liver and gut expansion, but not for onset of their development. Heterozygous knockouts of Hlx (Hlx +/−) are normal whereas homozygous knockouts (Hlx −/–) develop severe hypoplasia of the liver and gut along with anaemia. Hlx controls the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction necessary for liver and gut expansion.[9] At E8.0, the primary liver bud is formed from the midgut endoderm in response to signals from the cardiogenic mesoderm. This is followed by signals from the septum transversum that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the hepatic progenitors of the gut endoderm.[11][12] In a third stage, these signaling factors induce the liver endoderm to undergo proliferation and form liver cords. The same factor controls gut proliferation, and Hlx governs its expression. Although these mice develop anaemia, it is likely due to insufficient support from the liver in producing matrix component needed for hematopoiesis rather than an intrinsic defect in the hematopoietic cells.[9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000136630Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000039377Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Deguchi Y, Moroney JF, Wilson GL, Fox CH, Winter HS, Kehrl JH (April 1991). "Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes". The New Biologist. 3 (4): 353–63. PMID 1676597.
  6. ^ Kennedy MA, Rayner JC, Morris CM (July 1994). "Genomic structure, promoter sequence, and revised translation of human homeobox gene HLX1". Genomics. 22 (2): 348–55. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1394. PMID 7806220.
  7. ^ "Entrez Gene: HLX1 H2.0-like homeobox 1 (Drosophila)".
  8. ^ Allen JD, Lints T, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Strasser A, Harvey RP, Adams JM (1991). "Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis". Genes & Development. 5 (4): 509–20. doi:10.1101/gad.5.4.509. PMID 1672660.
  9. ^ a b c Hentsch B, Lyons I, Li R, Hartley L, Lints TJ, Adams JM, Harvey RP (1996). "Hlx homeo box gene is essential for an inductive tissue interaction that drives expansion of embryonic liver and gut". Genes & Development. 10 (1): 70–9. doi:10.1101/gad.10.1.70. PMID 8557196.
  10. ^ Lints TJ, Hartley L, Parsons LM, Harvey RP (1996). "Mesoderm-specific expression of the divergent homeobox gene Hlx during murine embryogenesis". Developmental Dynamics. 205 (4): 457–70. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199604)205:4<457::AID-AJA9>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 8901056. S2CID 33762532.
  11. ^ Douarin NM (1975). "An experimental analysis of liver development". Medical Biology. 53 (6): 427–55. PMID 765644.
  12. ^ Fukuda-Taira S (1981). "Hepatic induction in the avian embryo: specificity of reactive endoderm and inductive mesoderm". Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology. 63: 111–25. PMID 7310284.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.