車
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]車 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十田十 (JWJ), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻亘丨 or ⿻二申)
- Kangxi radical #159, ⾞.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/車
- 俥, 唓, 𡌄, 𡝀, 𡷖, 𢚷, 捙, 𣵐, 陣, 連, 𣒞, 𤉖, 𤥭, 𪨑, 硨, 𦀺, 蛼, 𫌼, 𬦲, 𩳛, 𬵒
- 軋, 𠜥, 𠜒, 𨊴, 軙, 𨛩, 斬, 𤭔, 𩒷, 軍, 𰃚, 莗, 𭶼, 𫁿, 𫅨, 𠣞, 𣫂, 厙, 庫, 㾝, 𪋀, 閳, 𪢫
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1239, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38172
- Dae Jaweon: page 1712, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3511, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8ECA
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 車 | |
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simp. | 车* |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 車 | |||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Shizhoupian script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) – originally a carriage seen from above. In the oracle bone script, there were large wheels on both sides and a sun shade on the top. Later, when Chinese characters were written vertically, the wheels on both sides were simply drawn in strokes and the loading area was marked with a 田 (OC *l'iːŋ). Therefore, it is important to understand that the current character, 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla) is a vertical depiction of a carriage.
Note that 倝 (OC *kaːns) and 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew) are not derived from 車 (OC *kʰlja, *kla).
Etymology
[edit]Perhaps a loan from an Indo-European language because the horse and chariot were introduced into China around 1200 BC from Inner Asia; compare Tocharian A kukäl, Tocharian B kokale (“wagon; cart”) (Mair, 1990; Bauer, 1994). An older variant survives in Mandarin 軲轆/轱辘 (gūlu, “wheel”) (Bauer, 1994). Alternatively, the word is a derivation by k-prefix from 舁 (OC *la, “to lift”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); compare the semantic parallel in Tibetan ཐེག་པ (theg pa, “vehicle; carriage”) (<to support; to carry; to lift).
Pronunciations 1 and 2 are cognate. A similar phonological doublet is 處 (OC *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas) and 居 (OC *kas) (Schuessler, 2007). Pronunciation 2 is traditionally regarded as the older pronunciation.
The sense of lewd content is derived from 老司機/老司机 (lǎosījī).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ce1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): chě
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chě
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чә (čə, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ce1 / geoi1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): coe1-0
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): cie1
- Gan (Wiktionary): ca1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ce1
- Northern Min (KCR): chiá
- Eastern Min (BUC): chiă
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): ce1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): che1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: che
- Wade–Giles: chʻê1
- Yale: chē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che
- Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄜㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cher
- Wade–Giles: chʻê1-ʼrh
- Yale: chēr
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: che'l
- Palladius: чэр (čɛr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤɻ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ce1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ce
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: chě
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: chě
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): che3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰe¹¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чә (čə, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰə²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ce1 / geoi1
- Yale: chē / gēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: tse1 / goey1
- Guangdong Romanization: cé1 / gêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/, /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- ce1 - colloquial (incl. surname);
- geoi1 - literary.
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: coe1-0
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰø²¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cie1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiɛ³³/
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ca1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
- Hakka Romanization System: caˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ca1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ce1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰɤ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiă
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia
- Tâi-lô: tshia
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiaf
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Penang, Philippines): /t͡sʰia³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /t͡sʰia⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha
- Tâi-lô: tsa
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaf
- IPA (Longyan): /t͡sa³³⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang, Philippines)
- Middle Chinese: tsyhae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.qʰ](r)A/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlja/
Definitions
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/3wheelscar.jpg/220px-3wheelscar.jpg)
車
- (countable) land vehicle; (specifically) car (Classifier: 輛/辆 m; 部 m c; 臺/台 m mn; 架 c; 頂/顶 mn; 張/张 mn-t)
- 有車隣隣,有馬白顛。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu chē línlín, yǒu mǎ bái diān. [Pinyin]
- He has many carriages, giving forth their lin-lin;
He has horses with their white foreheads.
有车邻邻,有马白颠。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 阿Q被抬上了一輛沒有蓬的車,幾個短衣人物也和他同坐在一處。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: Lu Xun, 1922. The True Story of Ah Q (《阿Q正傳》)
- Āqiū bèi tái shàng le yī liàng méiyǒu péng de chē, jǐ ge duǎnyī rénwù yě hé tā tóng zuò zài yī chù. [Pinyin]
- Ah Q was lifted on to an uncovered cart, and several men in short jackets sat down with him.
阿Q被抬上了一辆没有蓬的车,几个短衣人物也和他同坐在一处。 [MSC, simp.]
- wheeled device, appliance, instrument or apparatus
- machine; rig; engine; motor; locomotive; tractor; truck; lorry (Classifier: 部 m; 臺/台 m)
- (Cantonese) driving (action of operating a vehicle); driving skills (Classifier: 手 c)
- to lathe
- to lift water using a 水車/水车 (“old-style machine that is human or animal-powered and lifts water”)
- (dialectal, including Cantonese, Wu, Northern Min, Southern Min, Liuzhou Mandarin) to transport using a vehicle
- to tailor or sew using a sewing machine
- (Cantonese) to hit violently
- (dialectal) to turn (one's body, etc.)
- (Sichuanese) to rotate; to turn
- (Internet slang) pornography; lewd content
- Classifier for loads of things carried by a vehicle.
- a surname
Usage notes
[edit]- 車/车 (chē) is a collective term for all types of vehicles with wheel(s). Additional morphemes are added in front to specify the type of the vehicle. For example:
Synonyms
[edit]- (vehicle):
Compounds
[edit]- 七香車/七香车
- 下澤車/下泽车
- 下車/下车 (xiàchē)
- 上車/上车 (shàngchē)
- 上車灣/上车湾 (Shàngchēwān)
- 三輪車/三轮车 (sānlúnchē)
- 中古車/中古车 (zhōnggǔchē)
- 乘車/乘车 (chéngchē)
- 交通車/交通车
- 便車/便车 (biànchē)
- 倒車/倒车
- 候車/候车 (hòuchē)
- 候車室/候车室 (hòuchēshì)
- 停車/停车 (tíngchē)
- 停車位/停车位 (tíngchēwèi)
- 停車場/停车场 (tíngchēchǎng)
- 停車費/停车费 (tíngchēfèi)
- 僱車/雇车
- 公車/公车 (gōngchē)
- 公車票/公车票
- 公車站/公车站 (gōngchēzhàn)
- 公車處/公车处
- 兵車行/兵车行
- 冷氣車/冷气车
- 冷藏車/冷藏车 (lěngcángchē)
- 出租車/出租车 (chūzūchē)
- 出車/出车 (chūchē)
- 列車/列车 (lièchē)
- 列車員/列车员
- 列車長/列车长
- 剎車/刹车 (shāchē)
- 加班車/加班车
- 包車/包车 (bāochē)
- 區間車/区间车 (qūjiānchē)
- 協力車/协力车
- 卡車/卡车 (kǎchē)
- 叉車/叉车 (chāchē)
- 叫車/叫车 (jiàochē)
- 吉普車/吉普车 (jípǔchē)
- 同車/同车
- 吊車/吊车 (diàochē)
- 吊車尾/吊车尾 (diàochēwěi)
- 單車/单车 (dānchē)
- 囚車/囚车 (qiúchē)
- 國民車/国民车
- 國產車/国产车
- 坐車/坐车 (zuòchē)
- 坦克車/坦克车 (tǎnkèchē)
- 垃圾車/垃圾车 (lājīchē)
- 塞車/塞车
- 塌車/塌车
- 墮車/堕车
- 夜車/夜车 (yèchē)
- 大客車/大客车 (dàkèchē)
- 大板車/大板车 (dàbǎnchē)
- 大篷車/大篷车
- 大貨車/大货车 (dàhuòchē)
- 大車/大车 (dàchē)
- 大車拼/大车拼
- 太平車/太平车
- 套半車/套半车
- 套車/套车
- 娃娃車/娃娃车
- 嬰兒車/婴儿车 (yīng'érchē)
- 學步車/学步车 (xuébùchē)
- 安車/安车 (ānchē)
- 宣傳車/宣传车 (xuānchuánchē)
- 客車/客车 (kèchē)
- 寢車/寝车 (qǐnchē)
- 專車/专车 (zhuānchē)
- 小客車/小客车
- 小貨車/小货车
- 小車/小车 (xiǎochē)
- 小車子/小车子
- 履帶車/履带车
- 屬車/属车
- 巢車/巢车
- 平快車/平快车
- 平板車/平板车 (píngbǎnchē)
- 平車/平车 (píngchē)
- 幽靈車/幽灵车
- 庫車/库车 (Kùchē)
- 座車/座车
- 廣柳車/广柳车
- 弄車鼓/弄车鼓
- 快車/快车 (kuàichē)
- 快車道/快车道 (kuàichēdào)
- 悶子車/闷子车
- 慢車/慢车 (mànchē)
- 慢車道/慢车道
- 戰車/战车 (zhànchē)
- 房車/房车 (fángchē)
- 扇車/扇车 (shànchē)
- 手推車/手推车 (shǒutuīchē)
- 手車/手车 (shǒuchē)
- 打車子/打车子
- 拖吊車/拖吊车 (tuōdiàochē)
- 押車/押车
- 拖車/拖车 (tuōchē)
- 拉車/拉车
- 抬車/抬车
- 指南車/指南车
- 拼裝車/拼装车
- 排子車/排子车 (pǎizichē)
- 推橫車/推横车
- 推車/推车 (tuīchē)
- 掛車/挂车 (guàchē)
- 搭便車/搭便车 (dā biànchē)
- 搖車/摇车
- 搭車/搭车 (dāchē)
- 摩托自行車/摩托自行车
- 摩托車/摩托车
- 撞車/撞车 (zhuàngchē)
- 擱車/搁车
- 攔車/拦车 (lánchē)
- 放車/放车
- 救火車/救火车 (jiùhuǒchē)
- 教練車/教练车
- 救護車/救护车 (jiùhùchē)
- 敞篷車/敞篷车 (chǎngpéngchē)
- 敞車/敞车 (chǎngchē)
- 斗車
- 新娘車/新娘车
- 旅行車/旅行车 (lǚxíngchē)
- 旃車/旃车
- 旋車盤/旋车盘
- 晚車/晚车 (wǎnchē)
- 普通車/普通车
- 暈車/晕车 (yùnchē)
- 曳引車/曳引车
- 望樓車/望楼车
- 末班車/末班车 (mòbānchē)
- 板兒車/板儿车
- 東洋車/东洋车 (dōngyángchē)
- 板車/板车
- 柴車/柴车
- 棚車/棚车
- 概念車/概念车
- 機車/机车 (jīchē)
- 機關車/机关车 (jīguānchē)
- 殯車/殡车 (bìnchē)
- 氈車/毡车 (zhānchē)
- 氣墊車/气垫车
- 氣煞車/气煞车
- 水車/水车 (shuǐchē)
- 水車前/水车前
- 江州車/江州车
- 汽車/汽车 (qìchē)
- 油壁車/油壁车 (yóubìchē)
- 泡沫車/泡沫车
- 油碧車/油碧车
- 油罐車/油罐车 (yóuguànchē)
- 河車/河车
- 泊車/泊车
- 油車/油车 (yóuchē)
- 洋車/洋车 (yángchē)
- 海盤車/海盘车 (hǎipánchē)
- 消防車/消防车 (xiāofángchē)
- 滑板車/滑板车 (huábǎnchē)
- 滑行車/滑行车
- 滑車/滑车 (huáchē)
- 潘車/潘车
- 灑水車/洒水车 (sǎshuǐchē)
- 火燒車/火烧车
- 火車/火车 (huǒchē)
- 火車站/火车站 (huǒchēzhàn)
- 火車頭/火车头 (huǒchētóu)
- 炮車/炮车
- 烏賊車/乌贼车
- 煤水車/煤水车
- 煞車/煞车 (shāchē)
- 營業車/营业车
- 牛車/牛车 (niúchē)
- 獨輪車/独轮车 (dúlúnchē)
- 獸力車/兽力车
- 班車/班车 (bānchē)
- 瓦斯車/瓦斯车
- 甩車/甩车
- 發石車/发石车
- 登車/登车 (dēngchē)
- 發車/发车 (fāchē)
- 直達車/直达车 (zhídáchē)
- 矢車菊/矢车菊 (shǐchējú)
- 砂石車/砂石车
- 碰碰車/碰碰车 (pèngpèngchē)
- 禮車/礼车
- 筒車/筒车
- 管車/管车
- 篷車/篷车 (péngchē)
- 糧車/粮车
- 素車/素车
- 紡車/纺车 (fǎngchē)
- 紫河車/紫河车 (zǐhéchē)
- 絞車/绞车 (jiǎochē)
- 繅車/缫车
- 纜車/缆车 (lǎnchē)
- 罐車/罐车 (guànchē)
- 羊車/羊车
- 翻車/翻车 (fānchē)
- 老爺車/老爷车 (lǎoyéchē)
- 耬車/耧车
- 聯結車/联结车
- 腳踏車/脚踏车 (jiǎotàchē)
- 膠皮車/胶皮车
- 臥車/卧车 (wòchē)
- 自用車/自用车
- 自由車/自由车 (zìyóuchē)
- 自行車/自行车 (zìxíngchē)
- 臺車/台车 (táichē)
- 臺車道/台车道
- 舟車/舟车 (zhōuchē)
- 花車/花车 (huāchē)
- 苦車/苦车
- 莎車/莎车
- 落車/落车 (luòchē)
- 蒲笨車/蒲笨车
- 蒲車/蒲车
- 行車/行车 (xíngchē)
- 裝甲車/装甲车 (zhuāngjiǎchē)
- 裝車/装车 (zhuāngchē)
- 覆車/覆车
- 計程車/计程车 (jìchéngchē)
- 試車/试车 (shìchē)
- 調車場/调车场
- 警車/警车 (jǐngchē)
- 豪華車/豪华车
- 豹尾車/豹尾车
- 貨車/货车 (huòchē)
- 賽車/赛车 (sàichē)
- 贓車/赃车 (zāngchē)
- 超車/超车 (chāochē)
- 越野車/越野车 (yuèyěchē)
- 趕車/赶车
- 趕車的/赶车的
- 跑車/跑车 (pǎochē)
- 跨子車/跨子车
- 跳車/跳车 (tiàochē)
- 跟車/跟车 (gēnchē)
- 踏車/踏车
- 蹦蹦車/蹦蹦车
- 車主/车主 (chēzhǔ)
- 車仗/车仗
- 車份兒/车份儿 (chēfènr)
- 車位/车位 (chēwèi)
- 車僮/车僮
- 車公/车公 (Chēgōng)
- 車公里 (chēgōnglǐ)
- 車刀/车刀
- 車到山前必有路/车到山前必有路 (chēdàoshānqiánbìyǒulù)
- 車前/车前
- 車削/车削 (chēxiāo)
- 車前子/车前子 (chēqiánzǐ)
- 車喝/车喝
- 車圈/车圈 (chēquān)
- 車圍/车围
- 車城/车城 (Chēchéng)
- 車城路/车城路 (Chēchénglù)
- 車場/车场 (chēchǎng)
- 車塵/车尘 (chēchén)
- 車墊子/车垫子
- 車大炮/车大炮
- 車夫/车夫 (chēfū)
- 車子/车子
- 車字旁/车字旁 (chēzìpáng)
- 車客/车客
- 車容/车容 (chēróng)
- 車宮/车宫
- 車家店/车家店 (Chējiādiàn)
- 車尾/车尾 (chēwěi)
- 車工/车工 (chēgōng)
- 車帷/车帷
- 車幫/车帮 (chēbāng)
- 車床/车床 (chēchuáng)
- 車庫/车库 (chēkù)
- 車廂/车厢 (chēxiāng)
- 車廠/车厂 (chēchǎng)
- 車廠子/车厂子 (chēchǎngzi)
- 車式/车式
- 車徒/车徒
- 車房/车房 (chēfáng)
- 車手/车手 (chēshǒu)
- 車把/车把 (chēbǎ)
- 車技/车技 (chējì)
- 車把勢/车把势 (chēbǎshì)
- 車把式/车把式 (chēbǎshi)
- 車掌/车掌 (chēzhǎng)
- 車攻/车攻
- 車斗
- 車書/车书
- 車服/车服
- 車架/车架 (chējià)
- 車桑仔/车桑仔
- 車條/车条 (chētiáo)
- 車棚/车棚 (chēpéng)
- 車次/车次 (chēcì)
- 車死/车死 (ce1 sei2) (Cantonese)
- 車水/车水 (chēshuǐ)
- 車水馬龍/车水马龙 (chēshuǐmǎlóng)
- 車況/车况 (chēkuàng)
- 車流/车流 (chēliú)
- 車照/车照 (chēzhào)
- 車燈/车灯 (chēdēng)
- 車牌/车牌 (chēpái)
- 車瓦/车瓦
- 車百合/车百合
- 車皮/车皮 (chēpí)
- 車票/车票 (chēpiào)
- 車禍/车祸 (chēhuò)
- 車程/车程 (chēchéng)
- 車種/车种 (chēzhǒng)
- 車站/车站 (chēzhàn)
- 車筐/车筐 (chēkuāng)
- 車箱/车箱 (chēxiāng)
- 車篷/车篷 (chēpéng)
- 車篷子/车篷子
- 車簸箕/车簸箕
- 車組/车组 (chēzǔ)
- 車老闆/车老板
- 車胎/车胎 (chētāi)
- 車腳夫/车脚夫
- 車腳錢/车脚钱
- 車臣/车臣 (Chēchén)
- 車舝/车舝
- 車葉草/车叶草
- 車蓋/车盖 (chēgài)
- 車號/车号
- 車螯/车螯
- 車行/车行 (chēháng)
- 車裂/车裂
- 車豁子/车豁子
- 車費/车费 (chēfèi)
- 車資/车资 (chēzī)
- 車身/车身 (chēshēn)
- 車軌/车轨
- 車軸/车轴 (chēzhóu)
- 車軸草/车轴草
- 車軲轆/车轱辘
- 車軲轆會/车轱辘会
- 車軲轆話/车轱辘话
- 車載鬥量/车载斗量
- 車輔/车辅
- 車輪/车轮 (chēlún)
- 車輦/车辇 (chēniǎn)
- 車輛/车辆 (chēliàng)
- 車輪戰/车轮战 (chēlúnzhàn)
- 車輪會/车轮会
- 車輪菜/车轮菜
- 車輻/车辐
- 車轂/车毂
- 車轅/车辕 (chēyuán)
- 車輿/车舆
- 車轍/车辙 (chēzhé)
- 車速/车速 (chēsù)
- 車道/车道 (chēdào)
- 車道溝/车道沟 (chēdàogōu)
- 車道線/车道线
- 車鄰/车邻
- 車鉤/车钩 (chēgōu)
- 車鈴/车铃 (chēlíng)
- 車錢/车钱 (chēqián)
- 車長/车长
- 車門/车门 (chēmén)
- 車間/车间 (chējiān)
- 車間文學/车间文学
- 車閘/车闸 (chēzhá)
- 車陣/车阵
- 車隊/车队 (chēduì)
- 車頭/车头 (chētóu)
- 車馬/车马 (chēmǎ)
- 車馬費/车马费 (chēmǎfèi)
- 車駕/车驾 (jūjià)
- 車體/车体
- 車鼓弄/车鼓弄
- 車鼓陣/车鼓阵
- 軒車/轩车
- 軘車/𰹸车
- 軺車/轺车
- 軥車/𰺁车
- 輜車/辎车
- 輶車/𬨎车
- 輲車/𰺒车
- 輿車/舆车
- 轀車/辒车
- 轉車/转车 (zhuǎnchē)
- 轎車/轿车 (jiàochē)
- 迴車/回车
- 通車/通车 (tōngchē)
- 過山車/过山车 (guòshānchē)
- 遊覽車/游览车 (yóulǎnchē)
- 遣車/遣车
- 野雞車/野鸡车 (yějīchē)
- 金龜車/金龟车 (Jīnguīchē)
- 鈿車/钿车
- 鋒車/锋车
- 錯車/错车
- 鏟雪車/铲雪车
- 鐵牛車/铁牛车
- 鐵甲車/铁甲车 (tiějiǎchē)
- 開倒車/开倒车 (kāidàochē)
- 開夜車/开夜车 (kāiyèchē)
- 開快車/开快车
- 開車/开车 (kāichē)
- 陷車/陷车
- 隨車雨/随车雨
- 雙套車/双套车
- 雪車/雪车 (xuěchē)
- 雲梯車/云梯车
- 雲車/云车
- 電動車/电动车 (diàndòngchē)
- 電視車/电视车
- 電纜車/电缆车 (diànlǎnchē)
- 電聯車/电联车 (diànliánchē)
- 雷車/雷车
- 電車/电车 (diànchē)
- 露車/露车
- 霹靂車/霹雳车
- 靈車/灵车 (língchē)
- 革勒車/革勒车 (Gélèchē)
- 領魂車/领魂车
- 風車/风车 (fēngchē)
- 飆車/飙车 (biāochē)
- 飛快車/飞快车
- 飛車/飞车 (fēichē)
- 餐車/餐车 (cānchē)
- 首車/首车
- 香車/香车
- 馬車/马车 (mǎchē)
- 駕車/驾车 (jiàchē)
- 騎車/骑车 (qíchē)
- 驅車/驱车 (qūchē)
- 騾車/骡车
- 驛馬車/驿马车
- 鬼車/鬼车
- 魂車/魂车
- 鸞車/鸾车 (luánjū)
- 鹽車/盐车
- 麴車/曲车
- 麵包車/面包车 (miànbāochē)
- 黃包車/黄包车 (huángbāochē)
- 黃屋車/黄屋车
- 黑牌車/黑牌车
- 龍尾車/龙尾车
- 龍骨車/龙骨车
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ju1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jǔ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jǔ
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jy1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jy1
- Northern Min (KCR): gṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy1
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): jy1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄩ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jyu
- Wade–Giles: chü1
- Yale: jyū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiu
- Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ju1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gy
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jǔ
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ju3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: geoi1
- Yale: gēui
- Cantonese Pinyin: goey1
- Guangdong Romanization: gêu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɵy̯⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: gui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
- Hakka Romanization System: giˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi1
- Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jy1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕy¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku
- Tâi-lô: ku
- Phofsit Daibuun: kw
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kir
- Tâi-lô: kir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ³³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki
- Tâi-lô: ki
- Phofsit Daibuun: ky
- IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴/
- IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ge1 / gu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ / ku
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɯ³³/, /ku³³/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: kjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.q(r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kla/
Definitions
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Xiangqi_Chariot.png)
車
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese chess pieces) 帥/帅 (shuài) / 將/将, 仕 (shì) / 士 (shì), 相 / 象 (xiàng), 俥/伡 / 車/车, 傌 / 㐷 / 馬/马 (mǎ), 炮 / 砲/炮, 兵 (bīng) / 卒
Compounds
[edit]- 丟卒保車/丢卒保车 (diūzúbǎojū)
- 五車/五车
- 余車
- 倅車/倅车
- 傳車/传车 (zhuànchē)
- 公車/公车 (gōngchē)
- 前車之鑑/前车之鉴
- 前車之鑒/前车之鉴
- 前車可鑒/前车可鉴
- 副車/副车
- 博覽五車/博览五车
- 學富五車/学富五车
- 安步當車/安步当车
- 宮車晏駕/宫车晏驾
- 峻阪鹽車/峻阪盐车
- 巾車/巾车
- 徒步當車/徒步当车
- 怒臂當車/怒臂当车
- 惠施五車/惠施五车
- 懸車之年/悬车之年
- 懸車告老/悬车告老
- 懸車致仕/悬车致仕
- 捨車保帥/舍车保帅 (shèjūbǎoshuài)
- 攀車拒輪/攀车拒轮
- 攀車臥轍/攀车卧辙
- 旌車/旌车
- 書富五車/书富五车
- 書讀五車/书读五车
- 杯水車薪/杯水车薪
- 杯蛇鬼車/杯蛇鬼车
- 棄車保帥/弃车保帅 (qìjūbǎoshuài)
- 樓車/楼车
- 檀車/檀车
- 檻車/槛车 (jiànjū)
- 無將大車/无将大车
- 熟路輕車/熟路轻车
- 犢車/犊车
- 禽困覆車/禽困覆车
- 緩步代車/缓步代车
- 蜃車/蜃车
- 衣車/衣车
- 象車/象车
- 貳車/贰车
- 車人/车人
- 車右/车右
- 車士/车士
- 車殆馬煩/车殆马烦
- 車笠之盟/车笠之盟
- 車裂/车裂
- 車駕/车驾 (jūjià)
- 車騎/车骑
- 輔車/辅车
- 輕車/轻车
- 輕車介士/轻车介士
- 輕車熟路/轻车熟路
- 輔車相依/辅车相依
- 輕車簡從/轻车简从
- 輔車脣齒/辅车唇齿
- 長車/长车
- 閉門造車/闭门造车
- 革車/革车
- 食人隻車/食人只车 (sik6 jan4 zek3 geoi1) (Cantonese)
- 鹿車/鹿车
- 鹿車共挽/鹿车共挽
Descendants
[edit]Others:
See also
[edit]Chess pieces in Mandarin · 國際象棋棋子/国际象棋棋子 (guójì xiàngqí qízǐ) (layout · text) | |||||
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王 (wáng), 國王/国王 (guówáng) |
后 (hòu), 皇后 (huánghòu) |
車/车 (jū), 城堡 (chéngbǎo) |
象 (xiàng), 主教 (zhǔjiào) |
馬/马 (mǎ), 騎士/骑士 (qíshì) |
兵 (bīng) |
References
[edit]- “車”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #3408”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)←しや (sya, historical); こ (ko)
- Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)←しや (sya, historical); きょ (kyo)←きよ (kyo, historical)
- Kun: くるま (kuruma, 車, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
車 |
しゃ Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).
Pronunciation
[edit]Counter
[edit]- used to count vehicles
Affix
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
車 |
くるま Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū completed some time after 759 CE, with the ideographic spelling 車.[1]
Assuming an initial meaning of wheel, may be a compound of くる (kuru, related to spinning or rotating, as in 繰る (kuru, “to spin (as in thread)”), 枢 (kuru, “hinge”), くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly, round and round”), 転めく (kurumeku, “to spin round and round, to rotate; to be dizzy”)) + ま (ma, a suffix added to various parts of speech to form an indeclinable word indicating state).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a car, an automobile, a carriage, a cart
- a wheel, a caster
- something wheel-shaped
- a style of 紋 (mon, “family crest”)
- short for various terms:
- short for 車海老 (kuruma ebi): a prawn
- short for 車懸 (kuruma-gakari): “wheel formation”, a battle tactic where units attack in staged waves in order to prevent the opponent from resting
- short for 肩車 (kata-guruma): riding on one's shoulders, piggyback
- short for 手車 (te-guruma): a handcart, a wheelbarrow
- short for 車座 (kuruma za): sitting in a circle
- (obsolete) during the Edo period, in the red-light district in Ōsaka, a prostitute whose services cost four 匁 (monme) and three 分 (bun) (possibly in reference to the cost of a carriage ride)
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:娼婦
Derived terms
[edit]- 車椅子 (kurumaisu, “wheelchair”)
- 車花 (kurumabana)
Descendants
[edit]- → Marshallese: kurm̧a
References
[edit]- ^ , text here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 車 (MC tsyhae).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 챵 (Yale: chyà) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 又音 | 챠 (Yale: chyà) |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 | 수뤼 (surwi) | 챠 (cha) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [차]
Hanja
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "car."
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 車 (MC kjo).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 겅 (Yale: kè) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 술위〮 (Yale: swùlGwúy) | 거 (Yale: kè) |
Early Modern Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Juhae Cheonjamun, 1804 | 수뤼 (surwi) | 거 (geo) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kʌ̹]
- Phonetic hangul: [거]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Kunigami
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]車 (kurumā)
Miyako
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]車 (kuruma)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]車 (kuruma)
Tày
[edit]Verb
[edit]車 (xa)
- Nôm form of xa (“to search, to look for”).
- 役富貴古媒車拾
- Viểc phú quý cổ moi xa thắp
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
[edit]- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][5] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]車: Hán Nôm readings: xa, xe, xế
Compounds
[edit]- 車踏 (xe đạp)
Yaeyama
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]車 (kuruma)
Yonaguni
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Ryukyuan *kuruma, from Proto-Japonic *kuruma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]車 (kuruma)
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