Practical Research 1: Quarter 2 - Module 6: Analyzing The Meaning of The Data and Drawing Conclusion
Practical Research 1: Quarter 2 - Module 6: Analyzing The Meaning of The Data and Drawing Conclusion
Quarter 2 - Module 6:
Analyzing The Meaning of The Data
and Drawing Conclusion
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Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Mala Epra B. Magnaong
CES, CLMD
Members: Dr. Bienvenido U. Tagolimot,Jr.
Regional ADM Coordinator
Dr. Marie Emerald A. Cabigas
Regional EPS, LRMDS
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
Hi young researcher! Do not worry for the end of the tunnel is almost in sight!
You may have asked yourself, “So what now? What will I do with these interviews and
observations?” This module is your answer. It will help you weed out the important
information that you got during your data collection or as they say, “Find the needle in
the haystack.” However, I would like to remind you that there will be several outputs
required of you at the end.
In this lesson, you will learn how to collect and analyze data by using a certain
method and to gather varied perceptions from different people. Through all these
diverse opinions coming from a set of people, you will discover a certain idea or pattern
governing the entire data collected. Geared toward a common theme, idea, or pattern,
the collected facts and information can guarantee evidence-based conclusions.
Factual data and logically collected ones are meaningful data to yield valid and
credible conclusions (Baraceros, 2016, 121).
Learning Objectives
• infer and explain patterns and themes from data (CS_RS11- IVd-f-2), and
• relate the findings to pertinent literature (CS_RS11- IVd-f-3).
What I Know
Before moving on the next part of this module, complete the following statements by
choosing from the given options.
1. What is the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection,
presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s
speculation with reality?
A. Research C. Quantitative research
B. Qualitative Research D. Scientific method
2. Which of the following is the first step in formulating a Qualitative research title?
A. Concept Making C. Formulation of Ideas
B. Citing a Problem D. Reading Journal Articles 1
4. What kind of research is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behavior, and other
defined variables and generalize results from a larger population?
A. Research C. Quantitative Research
B. Qualitative Research D. Scientific Method
9. Ethics in research ensure that participants have informed consent. Which of the
following actions is the best example of informed consent?
A. talking to him or her privately C. writing him or her a letter
B. surprising him or her with questionnaire D. Taking his or her picture
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned how you can collect information for
your research topic, covering the steps to define data and making a research design.
Now, you are ready to gain more knowledge about doing research. Before we go
further, perform first the activity below.
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters to form a concept about data collection and
analysis procedure.
1. It is a set of procedures and methods that is used to collect and analyze
measures of the variables given in the objectives. (GESDIN CEHERSAR)
2. It is a program, person, or event in a defined time frame. (DATSEYCUS)
3. It is a list of names which shows the characteristics of the target population.
(MAPSGL IN TUAOQ)
4. It involves a study of a certain cultural group to get information about its
characteristics and group activities. (THAGYONERPH)
5. It is conducted in a step-by step process through systematic methods and
procedures. (LEMDACOHIT)
What’s New
1. Familiarization with the data: This phase involves reading and re-reading the
data, to become immersed and intimately familiar with its content.
2. Coding - this phase involves generating succinct labels (codes) that identify
important features of the data that might be relevant to answering the research
question. It involves coding the entire dataset, and after that, collating all the
codes and all relevant data extracts, together for later stages of analysis.
3. Searching for Themes. This phase involves examining the codes and collated
data to identify significant broader patterns of meaning (potential themes). It
then involves collating data relevant to each candidate theme, so that you can
work with the data and review the viability of each candidate theme.
4. Reviewing themes. This phase involves checking the candidate themes against
the data set, to determine if they tell a convincing story of the data, and one that
answers the research question. In this phase, themes are typically refined,
which sometimes involves them being split, combined, or discarded.
6. Writing Up. This final phase involves weaving together the analytic narrative data
and extracts and contextualizing the analysis in relation to existing literature.
2.I. May nagbago ba sa pamilya I.Is there any changes in your SEPARATION
ninyo magmula nung nangyari family ever since that happened?
yun?
P: Yes, my family got separated
P: Oo, kasi nagka hiwa hiwalay because of what happened
kaming pamilya nang dahil doon.
In this lesson, the next task expected of you is to analyze data carefully. For
most researchers, this is the heaviest task, but it is the most fulfilling. Qualitative data
analysis is an ongoing and cyclical process which includes identification, examination,
and interpretation of certain patterns and themes in the data. It determines how these
patterns and themes help answer the research questions.
This part will guide you on how to make this task easy. Below are the processes
in doing a qualitative analysis.
1. Know your data. Reread your written observations, relisten the audio recorded
interviews, or rewatch the movie or clip.
3. Do coding. Always consult your research questions or you might end up coding
unnecessary information. Coding is simply categorizing the data and reducing
them.
4. Clean your data. Go through your data once more if there are data errors.
6. Interpret your data. After analyzing, coding, and organizing the data, identifying
the patterns and themes, you are now ready to interpret your data. In
interpreting the data, you will synthesize your tables to a paragraph.
I: Para sayo, may nagbago ba? I: How about you, there any STRONG
changes? FAITH
P: Para sa akin,hindi. Kasi mas
lumakas yung pananampalataya P: For me, it’s no, because my
ko sa Panginoon. faith in God became even
stronger
What’s More
There were three central themes which emerged based on the interviews with the five
(5) respondents experiences that cherished relationships as substantial and tough
acquisition of love in the acceptance of being pregnant at an early age towards
successful adjustment. The three central themes are the following:
(1) Life’ turning point: a baby bump, (2) role changing: new set of
responsibilities, and (3) Glint of hope: a blessing in disguise.
Choose which themes best fit each table.
R2 “Nahadlok ko gayon ga to the point nga ngplano ko nga ipalaglag ang bata nga
naa sa ako tiyan tungod ky wala nay ginikanan na akong madoulan sa akong
pagburos og ngplano pod ko maghikog na lng”.
{I am so afraid and reach to the point of aborting the baby’s life inside my
tummy,since I don’t have the parents to turn to. With that, I planned to commit
suicide.}
Table 2: Adopting your life knowing that you are pregnant Theme: __________
R2 “Karon na feel nako ang support sa akong pamilya. Ila kong gialagaan kay
unsaon paman daw nila og kasuko kung naana. Karonginatabngan ko nila
maamunsaon pag maanak na baby”.
I now felt the support of my family. They take care of me coz how are they
going to get angry when it's already. For now, they’re helping me to prepare
for the coming of the baby}
R1 “Dako gayod kayo ang kabag ohan labi na mglaag kay buntis bya,sige
rakatulgon and tapulan na mglakaw lakaw,na ana laing obligasyon ang baby
sa tyan”
{A lot of changes happened especially roaming around oops I’m pregnant,
always sleepy and lazy to walk around, have an obligation on the baby in my
tummy}
R2 “Nag attempt kopaglaglag sa bata kay nglibog ko unsaon nibut afriend nag
ingon na ayaw kay bunga na sainyong love and a blessing kay dili mkaanak”
{I attempted to abort the baby for I got confused on this, but a friend told me
not to do it for this is the fruit of your love and a blessing since not all can bear
a child}
Using the ideas presented above, you can now start working with your
research questions by using thematic analysis. You may start with one informant
only. Using five questions you may use this format.
Complete the table. Think of possible preset codes/categories/themes for the given
questions.
Lesson
RELATING THE FINDINGS TO ITS
2 RELEVANT LITERATURE
What’s In
In the previous lesson, you have learned how to interpret data, group similar
responses into categories and identify themes for easier data analysis. Now, you are
ready to report or share your findings of your research to its relevant literature. Before
we go further, perform first the activity below.
Directions: Complete the following table with ideas indicated by the headings.
MEMORY CLUES
KEY WORDS INFORMATION (Sentence that express your
experiences about the key term)
1. pattern
2. code
3. themes
4.Thematic Analysis
What’s New
In this lesson, you will compare your results or findings with the existing
knowledge. Since you already know how to infer and explain patterns and themes from
data, you will now proceed to relate your research findings with pertinent literatures. It
is one of the most important features in doing a qualitative research and how you will
compare the context with its existing knowledge. The discussion of your research
findings should not only limit in the summary of the results you have found but it should
also include original thinking or novelty. It must be well organized, broad in scope as
you relate its findings to pertinent literature.
Activity 1: Read the poem. Carefully read and analyze the themes where the poem
has been crafted.
Life Challenges
What Is It
Direction: For this activity, you will refer your answer to the given poem above.
To do this, simply read and analyze the contents of the poem. Write all your answers
on the table provided below.
Themes Stanza and Line Number
1.My Existence with Love of Family and
Friends
2.The Role of Having More
3.Life so Fast Making It Easy Is Not that Easy
4.Accept All that Life has to Offer
5.Struggles, Learning Lesson to Happiness
What’s More
Activity 2. Do the following directions: Analyze the themes formulated from the
patterns of the findings in the previous chapter. Craft your own conclusion as
introduced by vanMannen (poem, quote, and/ or song).
Themes Conclusion
1. Turning Point: A Baby Bump!
2. Role Changing: New Set of
Responsibilities
3. Glint of Hope: A Blessing in Disguise
Sample interpretation of data using the extracted table from the unpublished
research paper of Ms. Cristy G.Dablo, entitled, “TEENAGE PREGNANCY AND ITS
INTERVENTIONS: MINIMIZING FUTURE RISKS AMONG HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS.”
Using the same data extracted table from the unpublished research paper,
identify the row which of the following interpretation best describe.
Most (3 out of 5) of the respondents were worried much for they do not know
what to do with the situation. The role changing happened due to physical changes of
the body and the thought of having another life put themselves in a dilemma of
additional responsibility, yet they are too young, incapable of supporting oneself and
financially dependent from parents for their studies. Since the partner also do not have
the capability to handle the responsibility, for they are still young to think of, some got
separated leaving the teenage mother to take all the responsibilities. Though parents
felt bad, they still accepted and no other choice but to help the teenage pregnant
mother.
According to Bandura as stated by Cherry (2011) acceptance is an important
stage in the process to reach the goal of successful adjustment. People with a strong
sense of self efficacy: view challenging problems as tasks to be mastered, develop
deeper interest in the activities in which they participate, from a stronger sense of
commitment to their interests and activities, and recover quickly from setbacks and
disappointments.
What I can do
Provide the required information below. Refer to your proposed research study.
(Answer may vary)
2. Conduct an interview using the guide questions you formulate from unstructured
Interview to start coding and identifying themes and categories.
Interviewee 2: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Interviewee 3: ________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
7. What level of interpretation will you apply to your findings? Provide a sample opening
paragraph below.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Assessment
7. The characteristics of good research that any conclusion drawn is based upon
hard evidence gathered from information collected from real life experience or
observation is.
A. rigorous C. systematic
B. empirical D. critical
8. Which of the following data collection techniques is not applicable for qualitative
research?
A. interviews C. observations
B. questionnaires D. focus group
9. It refers to codes that are formulated by the researcher based on his or her
knowledge through the reviewed literatures.
A. predefined code C. defined code
B. emergent code D. Pre-emergent code
10. It is a part of data analysis where comprehensible statements are included after
analyzing and synthesizing the patterns and categories that are derived from
the findings.
A. presentation of the data C. interpretation
B. analysis D. Discussion
11. It is a part of data analysis, where the knowledge and logical understanding is
required, and the important data are given enough attention as it will be the
basis of the results of the study.
A. presentation of the data C. analysis
B. interpretation D. discussion
12. It is a part of data analysis, that showcases the data for easy understanding of
the reader, and it can be displayed through tables, diagrams or other figures to
easily understand.
A. presentation of the data C. interpretation
B. analysis D. discussion
- END OF POST-TEST –
Additional Activities