Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Annapoorani
Annapoorani
BY
A Thesis Submitted to
JANUARY 2017
i
EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS
AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL
SYMPTOMS AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
STAYING IN THE HOSTEL AT SELECTED
COLLEGES IN COIMBATORE
A Thesis Submitted to
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
NURSING
By
Mrs. Annapoorani. B. M.Sc (N)
JANUARY 2017
ii
EFFECTIVENESS OF RELAXATION TECHNIQUE VS
AEROBIC EXERCISES ON THE PREMENSTRUAL
SYMPTOMS AMONG THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
STAYING IN THE HOSTEL AT SELECTED
COLLEGES IN COIMBATORE
A Thesis Submitted to
THE TAMIL NADU DR.M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI
for the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN
NURSING
By
Mrs. Annapoorani. B. M.Sc (N)
Guided by
Dr. LATHA VENKATESAN M.Sc (N), M.Phil., PhD (N), M.B.A.,
PRINCIPAL & PH.D. RESEARCH GUIDE
APOLLO COLLEGE OF NURSING
CHENNAI – 600 095.
JANUARY 2017
iii
CERTIFICATE
Research Guide
Place :
Date :
iv
DECLARATION
I further declare that to the best of my knowledge the thesis does not
contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any
degree either in this University or in any other University / Deemed University
without proper citation.
Mrs. ANNAPOORANI.B
Research Scholar
Place :
Date :
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis is the culmination of my journey of Ph.D which was just like
climbing a high peak step by step accompanied with encouragement, hardship, trust,
and frustration. When I found myself at top experiencing the feeling of fulfillment, I
realized though only my name appears on the cover of this dissertation, a great many
people including my family members, well-wishers, my friends and colleagues have
contributed to accomplish this huge task.
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the Almighty, for His
showers of blessings throughout my research work to complete the research
successfully.
Dr. Susila, Principal Bilroth College of Nursing, Co-Guide for all the
guidance and support rendered in carrying out my study. Dr. Selvaraj, psychologist,
deserve my sincere expression of thanks for providing me the relaxation training.
vi
Mrs. Hema, Sneha Cultural Academy, for the aerobic dance training rendered,
which enabled me to use aerobic dance in my study. Mr. Kishore Henry, professor,
Thiyagaraja University, for spending his energy in English editing and validating.
My sincere thanks to all the experts who validated my content and provided
suggestions necessary to enhance my tool that was perfectly tailored to fit the
objectives of my study.
I salute you all for the selfless love, care, pain and sacrifice you did to shape
my life. I would never be able to pay back the love and affection showered upon by
my parents. Also I express my thanks to my sister for her support and valuable
prayers.
vii
ABSTRACT
Title
4. To find out the association between the selected demographic variables and
the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I
and II, among the college students.
5. To compare the Quality of life before and after the intervention in the
experimental group I and II among the college students.
Methods
The conceptual framework for this study was based on King’s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981).The data were collected from 181 college students with
premenstrual symptoms in two different campuses. Premenstrual Symptom Diary
(PMS) was distributed to the college students and assessed the PMS. Then the
viii
intervention was provided by trained researcher for the duration of three months. The
PMS Diary was and motivated them to continue the intervention and collected back.
The WHO Quality of Life Tool, was assessed only once before and at the end of
seventh month after the intervention.
The instruments used for data collection were demographic variable proforma,
clinical variable proforma, dietary variable proforma, Premenstrual Symptom Diary
and WHO bref Quality of life tool. Validity and reliability were established for the
PMS Diary. Level of satisfaction of the college students was assessed.
The main study data was collected from 89 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group I and 92 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group II were analyzed according to the objectives and
hypothesis of the study.
ix
The overall PMS in experimental group I before the intervention of relaxation
technique was (M = 63.70, SD = 2.30), during the intervention was (M =
41.90, SD = 4.36) but after the intervention it was only (M = 35.26, SD =
4.44). The noticed reduction of mean score of PMS was found to be
significant in the repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) (F =
2251.834, P < 0.001) calculated based on the college students rating of PMS.
In Further the Post hoc analysis revealed that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference = 21.79, P < 0.001), before and after
(Mean difference = 28.43, P < 0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
6.64, P < 0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 stating that there will be no significant
difference in the PMS before and after the intervention of relaxation
techniques to experimental group I was rejected.
The overall PMS in experimental group II before the intervention of Aerobic
exercise was (M = 61.11, SD = 3.5), during the intervention was (M = 45.24,
SD = 3.4) but after the intervention it was only (M = 23.58, SD = 3.4). The
noticed reduction of mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the
repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) (F = 1879.934, P <
0.001) calculated based on the college students rating of PMS. In Further the
Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference = 15.86, P < 0.001), before and after
(Mean difference = 37.52, P < 0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
21.66, P < 0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant. Hence
the null hypothesis Ho1stating that there will be no significant difference in
the PMS before and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises in experimental
group II was rejected.
The overall PMS symptoms in experimental group II which had the
intervention of aerobic exercises the overall PMS score was less (M = 23.58,
SD = 3.45) in comparison with the experimental group I (M = 35.26, SD =
4.44) which had relaxation technique as their intervention. The difference (t =
19.77) was statistically significant at p<0.001 level. Hence the null hypothesis
Ho3, stating that there will be no significant difference in the overall PMS
perceived by experimental group I and II were rejected.
x
There was no significant association between the selected demographic,
clinical, dietary variables and the overall PMS in the experimental group I
after the intervention except with age, intake of fried food (χ2 = 5.282, P
=.022), intake of green leafy vegetables (χ2 = 7.974, P =.019) of the college
students. It can be noted that as age increases the perception of PMS also
increased χ2 = 10.844, p < .013). The association was observed that those who
were taking fast food frequently and not consuming green leafy vegetables had
severe PMS .Hence the null hypothesis H04 is partially rejected with regard to
the demographic variables, clinical variables such as Age, Place, Family type,
Family size, Income of the family. Age at menarche, menstrual cycle and
premenstrual symptoms.
In the experimental group II, the association between the selected
demographic variables, clinical variables and PMS after the intervention was
analyzed. only selected variables such as Age(χ2 =14.542,P =0.002),intake of
fast food(χ2 = 4.063,P = 0.044),intake of fried food((χ2 = 5.536,P =
0.019),intake of green leafy vegetables( χ2 = 6.569,P = 0.037) had significance
at P< 0.05 level. Hence the null hypothesis Ho4 is partially rejected with
regard to the demographic variables, clinical variables.
The overall quality of life of experimental group I college students was found
to be statistically (t = 43.49) significantly different between before (M =
68.61, SD =52.8) and after (M = 85.92, SD = 3.97) the intervention. The same
finding was noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as
physical (M = 63.4 SD = 3.03, M = 25.91 SD = 2.47, t = 12.34) psychological
(M = 18.09, SD = 1.59, M = 72.1 SD = 1.44, t = 16.19) social relationship (M
= 5.71 SD = 0.79, M = 7.69, SD = 0.72, t = 17.17) and environment (M =
17.0, S.D = 1.35, t = 29.30) respectively before and after the intervention of
relaxation technique to experimental group I college students.
The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before and after the
intervention in the experimental group II (M = 70.27, SD = 3.55, M =
88.78,SD = 4.53,) was found to be statistically significant at (t = 43.23). It
was also evidenced that the various dimensions of quality of life before and
after the intervention as follows. Physical (M = 21.39 SD = 2.74, M = 27.73
SD = 2.69, t = 21.84), Psychological (M = 17.76 SD = 1.65, M = 74.2 SD =
1.79, t = 20.56), Social relationship (M = 6.28 SD = 0.45, M = 7.68, SD =
xi
0.78, t = 14.16), Environment (M = 18.59, SD = 1.35, M = 23.99, SD = 2.82, t
= 21.23).
The comparison of mean and Standard deviation of quality of life of college
students of experimental group I and II revealed that before the intervention
(M = 68.61 SD = 3.64, M = 85.92 SD = 3.97) and after the intervention (M =
70.27 SD = 3.55, M = 88.78 SD = 4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t = 3.119, t = 4.509). Hence null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will
be no significant difference in the quality of life before and after the
intervention in experimental group I and II was rejected.
The correlation between the selected demographic, clinical variables shows
that there is a positive relationship between age, weight , BMI , waist hip ratio
and the perception of PMS among the experimental group I college students. It
can be interpreted as age increases (r = 0.303, p = 0.004) the PMS also
increases and similarly increase in weight (r =.219, P =.039), BMI (r =.242, P
=.022) and waist hip ratio(r =.233, P =.028) also increases the PMS.
Conclusion
Overall Pre Menstrual symptoms were reduced after doing both the
intervention Relaxation techniques and Aerobic exercises for the duration of three
months. Comparatively Aerobic exercises were more effective than Relaxation
Technique.
Quality of Life has improved after the intervention in both the groups.
Demographic variables such as the age, intake of fast food, intake of fruits and green
leafy vegetables were associated with the pre menstrual symptoms.
Selected clinical variables such as the age, weight, body mass index and waist
hip ratio were correlated in both the experimental group I and II. Thus the results
projected that interventions was effective in the reduction of pre menstrual symptoms.
xii
Recommendations
The same study can be done on a larger population to generalize the findings.
The study can be done with the age group of above 30 years.
xiii
CONTENTS
PAGE
S.NO. CHAPTERS
NO.
I. INTRODUCTION
Statement of Problem 10
Objectives 11
Operational definitions 11
Null hypotheses 13
Assumptions 14
Delimitations 14
Quality of life 37
III METHODOLOGY
Research approach 43
Research design 43
Variables 44
Research setting 45
Population 45
xiv
PAGE
S.NO. CHAPTERS
NO.
Tools 47
Techniques 49
Pilot Study 52
Data Collection 53
xv
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
1 Frequency & Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 57
According to the Demographic Characteristics.
2 Frequency and Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 60
according to the Clinical Variables.
3 Frequency and Percentage of Experimental Group I and II 64
according to the Dietary Variables.
4 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 66
of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
5 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 68
of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
6 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 70
of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
7 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 72
of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
8 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 74
of Pain Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
9 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 76
of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
10 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 78
of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
11 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 80
of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
12 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 82
of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental group II.
13 Mean and Standard Deviation, ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis 84
of Pain Symptoms in Experimental group II.
14 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Overall 86
Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After
Intervention.
15 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Physical 87
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
16 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Psychological 88
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
xvi
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
17 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Behavioural 89
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention
18 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Pain 90
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
19 Association of Mean Score of PMS after the intervention with 91
the Selected Demographic, Clinical ,Dietary variables for
Experimental Group I
20 Association of Mean Score of PMS after the intervention with 93
the selected Demographic ,Clinical ,Dietary variables for
Experimental Group II
21 Mean score and Standard Deviation on Overall and Various 95
Domains on QOL before and after intervention and its level of
significance in Experimental group I.
22 Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various 96
domains on QOL before and after Intervention and its Level of
Significance in Experimental group II
23 Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation of Quality of life 97
before and after the Intervention between the Experimental
Group I and II.
24 Correlation of Post Test Score of PMS with the Selected 98
Demographic, Clinical Variables for Experimental Group I
25 Correlation of Post Test Score of PMS with the Selected 101
Demographic, Clinical Variables for Experimental Group II
xvii
LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO. NO.
xviii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
xix
LIST OF ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE CONTENTS
4 Journal Publications
18 Interventions Protocol.
xx
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1
needs to be acknowledged and fulfilled adequately since they are the future vision of
the country.
2
Most of the researchers highly focused and analyzed the common health
problems prevailing among the adolescents. Selvaraj (2012) explored the common
health problems prevailing in adolescents such as physical problems, emotional
problems, nutritional disorders, sexual abuse, sexually transmitted diseases and
identity problems. Singh & Gopal Krishna (2014) reported that in India malnutrition,
over nutrition, substance use, harmful alcohol use, suicide and violence had high
impact on the youth population. Mukul (2013) reported that in India about 45% of
adolescent girls were under nourished. 26% girls were married before 15yrs, 54%
girls were married before 18yrs.Shubha (2012) reveals in her study that
malnourishment and obesity also predispose them to health problems like polycystic
ovary and metabolic syndrome among the female population.
Therefore it is vital to address their needs which can help to improve the
quality of life of our adolescents and thereby help in developing the socio- economic
growth of our country sudden transformation in the bodily changes causes‟ difficulty
in coping and problems associated with the changes. The most challenging problems
during adolescent period, especially among adolescent girls are related to
menstruation which is known as regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from
the uterus through the vagina. It starts between the age 11 and 14 years for adolescent
girls.
During menstruation girls have vaginal bleeding along with pain in the
abdomen and lower back and breast, mood changes, irritability, headache and general
weakness. Menstruation occurs in various phases such as menstrual phase, follicular
phase and luteal phase. Before the onset of the menstruation, adolescent girls may
have uncomfortable symptoms which last for a short period. Few symptoms can be
very intense and disturbs their normal functioning. These symptoms are named as
premenstrual symptoms. During premenstrual phase the physiological breast swelling
and pain, radiating to the axilla and arm may commonly occur on a cyclic basis. This
is due to hormonal stimulation and it is normal. Firm support, fomentation, analgesics,
hormonal therapy, diuretics and primrose oil is often needed to alleviate the
discomfort as stated by Arvind in the year 2013.
3
Premenstrual symptoms were first described by Frank in the year 1931 and he
explained that these symptoms occur due to hormonal imbalance among the females.
Some of the adolescent girls experience these symptoms before menstruation and few
of them may have even after the menstruation also. Nearly 40% of girls experience
these symptoms so intensely that affect their daily life and 10% of them have
functional impairment. The symptoms start in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle,
reach a peak just before menstruation and reduced during the follicular phase.
4
an alternative treatment of premenstrual symptoms. Among the physical activities,
Aerobics such as walking, swimming and jogging were considered.
5
premenstrual symptoms. The study findings showed that this technique was effective
in the reduction of depression and anxiety.
6
Need for the Study
India has one of the fastest growing youth populations in the world, with an
estimated 190 million adolescents. Girls below 19 years of age comprise one quarter
of India‟s rapidly growing population. During this period of adolescence, individuals
move toward physical and psychological maturity and acquire their adult identity and
therefore require special attention and care. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), adolescents are individuals aged 10-19, while the broader term
“youth” refers to the 15-24 age groups. For young girls in India, poor nutrition, early
child bearing, and reproductive health complications compound the difficulties of
adolescent physical development.
Globally 1.1 billion people are Adolescents among the general population and
1 in every 5 human on this planet is an Adolescent. One in every 3 persons is a young
person who contributes both to adolescent and youth in the age group of 10-24 years
as stated by Chandra Mouli, 2011.According to United Nations population prospects
report in the year 2010, about 27.7 % (one- fourth) of the female population are
between 15 and 29 years in India.
Published literature evidence stated that the young people were exaggerated
by health conditions which was prejudiced by numerous factors such as personal
choices, environmental factors, life style changes which leads to communicable and
non communicable diseases. Other health conditions are substance abuse, suicides,
sexually transmitted infections, violence etc.
7
In the year 2001-2006 the data obtained from the Nutrition survey of National
Institute of Nutrition showed the prevalence rate of mal nutrition and anemia in the
age group of 10-24yrs was 56.4-68.5 and 30-82 percent. Choudary et.al. Another
blooming health consequence is obesity. It is increasing among the youngsters.
Inadequate calorie intake was one of the problems during this phase of growth.
Comparing the calorie intake per day among the rural and urban in both the age
groups 16-18 yrs and 13-15 years respectively the caloric value of rural girls was
1292 kcal - 1355 kcal, which was below the recommended dietary allowances. In the
urban areas they consume fast food and junk foods more than rural girls.
Dubat et al (2007) used life stress scale, among the adolescent girls studying in
12 th standard from Hisar and Hyderabad, 47.5 and 72.5 per cent were in the moderate
source of family stress; 60 and 50 percent of financial stress, 90 and 85 per cent had
moderate level of social stress, respectively. Sharma in a study, among adolescents
aged 16-19 yr using self-made questionnaire based on Bisht Battery of Stress found
that 90.6 per cent adolescents had academic stress. Pillai et.al in 2008 reported the
incidence 18% of psychiatric disorder among the 10-17 year adolescent groups. The
prevalence of depression varied from 0.1% to 18.5%, conduct disorder 0.2 to 9.2%
and anxiety 0.1%-24.4%.
Premenstrual symptoms may affect not only the individual, but also her family
and the community. Many studies in different countries indicated that premenstrual
symptoms were more common among adolescent girls and need to follow some non-
pharmacological interventions to reduce the symptoms and to improve the quality of
life. Researcher observed that most of the adolescent girls have premenstrual
symptoms and they don‟t know how to overcome the problems. In the countries like
Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the prevalence rate was assessed. In India, the states like
Gujarat, Rajasthan, West Bengal the prevalence was analyzed, but for such
interventions, only minimal literatures were available. Premenstrual symptoms is
related to high suicide and accident rates, employment and school absentee rates, poor
academic performance and acute psychiatric problems.
Main focus of this trend is to prevent the side effects, complications, and
damage to the vital organs. So the researcher was in search of articles, published
literatures. When the researcher reviewed the published articles, only prevalence
based studies were more in number, compared to the related interventions such as
relaxation technique and aerobics exercises. This shows that there is a vacuum when it
comes to scholarly studies of premenstrual symptoms and the effectiveness of Non
pharmacological methods in the present scenario.
9
Relaxation technique keeps the mind and body calm, fresh in nature. But to spend the
time and practicing it every day is important to get rid of the symptoms. Long term
benefits of head to foot relaxation techniques are decreased blood pressure, heart rate,
head ache, salivary cortisol level and improvement in the quality of life of patients
with chronic illness
Doing exercises regularly in the early morning is good for health. Daily
exercise improves the blood circulation which enhances the immune system. It also
increases the lymph flow which prevents the retention of body fluid thereby reducing
the bloating, but for the adolescents to get up early morning is the difficult task. to
relieve the premenstrual symptoms. To instill the interest among the young
adolescents the aerobic exercise is the best suited to get the compliance. As peers they
will be interested to dance rather than any other intervention. Regular aerobic
exercises tame the premenstrual symptoms by increasing the endorphins in the body.
These chemicals level may drop during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle for the
women. Thus aerobic exercise does the cleansing action of lymph system by
eliminating toxins and excess hormones. Also it helps to increase the metabolic rate,
which in turn burn the fat for energy there by it maintains the hormone level in the
body. Self motivated individual will follow the compliance of all the intervention. So
this study will lead the youngsters to select the right choice of intervention i.e. the
Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises. The current study provides the idea
based on the practicability, time duration, implementation of practice, answer to the
queries in their mind and a means to select the appropriate intervention based on the
individual need and priority of the college students. This study also helps to evaluate
the two different techniques such as relaxation technique and aerobic exercises, which
will be better and feasible method to reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms.
10
Objectives of the Study
Primary Objectives
1. To assess the premenstrual symptoms before the intervention in the
experimental group I (Relaxation Technique) and II (Aerobic exercises),
among the college students.
2. To assess the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the
experimental group I and II, among the college students.
3. To compare the effectiveness of relaxation technique Vs aerobic exercises
upon the premenstrual symptoms between the experimental groups I and II.
4. To find out the association between the selected demographic variables and
the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I
and II.
Secondary Objectives
5. To compare the Quality of life before and after the intervention in the
experimental group I and II among the college students.
6. To correlate the premenstrual symptoms and selected demographic variables
in the experimental group I and II.
7. To assess the level of satisfaction of the college students in the experimental
group I and II.
Operational Definitions
Effectiveness
In this study, it refers to the outcome of the intensity of premenstrual
symptoms and quality of life as evidenced by reduction of severity of premenstrual
symptoms and improvement of quality of life among the college students during the
premenstrual period in both the experimental group I & II.
Relaxation Technique
In this study relaxation technique refers to deep breathing technique, followed
by head to foot relaxation technique. It is inhaling through the nose by mental count
of four, and then holding the breath for count of seven and exhaling through the
mouth for count of eight. This is one cycle. It is repeated for 4 cycles. In foot to head
relaxation, each part of the body is relaxed sequentially from foot to head starting
11
with the right foot, left foot, right calf, left calf, right thigh, left thigh, hips, buttocks,
stomach, chest, the back, right arm and hand, left arm and hand, neck, shoulders and
face and vice versa for a duration of 30 min five days in a week for three months. This
was administered by the trained researcher.
Aerobic Exercises
In this study aerobic exercise refers to aerobic dance for the duration of fifty
minutes, five days in a week for three months. In this study it includes three phases,
warm up phase, aerobic dance and cool down phase. Warm up phase for a duration of
10 minutes and each movement for 16 counts. Heel movements, upward reach, Neck
movements, Arm rotation, Trunk rotation, Hip rotation, Knee rolling, Hamstring
stretches Leg movements. Aerobic Dance for a duration of 30 minutes. Hops, upward
reaches, Abdomen crunches, Jogging in place, Jumping jacks, Rocking side to side,
Alternate shoulder shrugs, Opposite elbow to knee, Alternate knee lifts, Back
extensions, Forward and backward kicks. Cool down phase was ten minutes which
comprises of Heel movements, Jogging, Flexion of the trunk between the legs; it was
administered by the trained researcher.
Premenstrual symptoms
Pain includes Headache, Back pain, abdominal pain, muscle and joint
pain, including weight gain.
12
College students
In this study college student refers to the girls in the age group of 17-23 years
those who were staying in the R.V.S. hostels located in Coimbatore.
Quality of Life
Quality of life refers to the ability to perform daily activities and how they feel
about their well-being during premenstrual period (five days before menstruation).The
itemscategorizedunderthedomains,physicalwellbeing,psychologicalwellbeing,socialrel
ationships and environment.
Research Hypothesis
H1: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the relaxation technique in the experimental group I among the college students.
H2: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college students.
H3: There will be significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
relaxation technique and aerobic exercises in the experimental group I and II among
the college students.
H4: There will be significant association between selected demographic variables and
the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental group I and II.
H5: There will be significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
students in the experimental group I and II.
H6: There will be significant correlation between the premenstrual symptoms and
selected demographic variables among the college students.
Null Hypothesis
Ho1: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the relaxation technique in the experimental group I among the college students.
13
Ho2: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before
and after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college
students.
Ho3: There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
relaxation technique and aerobic exercises in the experimental group I and II among
the college students.
Ho4: There will be no significant association between selected demographic variables
and the premenstrual symptoms after the intervention in the experimental groupI and
II.
Ho5: There will be no significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
students in the experimental group I and II.
Ho6: There will be no significant correlation between the premenstrual symptoms and
selected demographic variables among the college students.
Assumptions
Perception of premenstrual symptoms varies from individual to individual
Premenstrual symptoms may interfere with routine work of the students.
Premenstrual symptom is a cyclical occurrence.
Sedentary life style may contribute to premenstrual symptoms.
Stress also boosts premenstrual symptoms.
Lack of regular exercise is believed to cause premenstrual symptoms.
Decreased level of endorphins may fluctuate the mood symptoms.
Premenstrual symptoms may interfere with routine work of the students.
Delimitations
This study includes College students those who were staying in the hostel at
Coimbatore.
College students in the age group of 17-23 years were included.
Only selected college students studying in the Arts and Science were included.
This study is limited to only two techniques namely Relaxation technique and
Aerobic exercises.
Data were collected only by using self-report technique (Premenstrual
symptoms diary).
14
Conceptual Framework
The Conceptual framework for this study was based on King‟s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981). King‟s Goal Attainment Theory is based on the concept of
the personal and interpersonal systems, including interaction, perception,
communication, transaction, stress, growth and development and space.
King defines nursing as a process of human interaction between the nurse and
the client; perceive each other in the situation. Through communication they set goals;
explore means and agree on the means to achieve the goals. According to this theory
two people (nurse and client) meet in some situation, perceive each other. Perception
means a person imports energy from the environment and transforms, processes and
stores it. After perception they make judgment on each other and then take some
mental and physical action to react with each other. King defines action as a sequence
of behavior between them and reaction is not well defined by her, but it might be
considered to be included in the action itself.
The perception, action and reaction can‟t be directly observed. The next step
in this process is interaction. It is an observable verbal and non-verbal goal directed
behaviors of two or more people in mutual presence. Interaction brings different
ideas, attitudes, and perceptions to the exchange. Transaction is the last step in this
process. Transaction is a series of exchanges between the human being and
environment that include observable behaviors that seek to reach the goal of worth to
the participant. It is the goal outcome. If the goal outcome is negative then the
feedback will influence the initial steps and then the entire process will repeat again.
In the present study the researcher and college students with premenstrual symptoms
met each other. The perception of the investigator is that pre menstrual symptoms
affect the wellbeing and quality of life among the college students. Researcher‟s
judgment was to provide some intervention to reduce the severity of premenstrual
symptoms and improve the quality of life. The action of the researcher was to obtain
consent to participate in the technique, Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises.
The judgment of the college students was they need some intervention to
reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The
reaction of the process was arrangements made for Relaxation and Aerobic exercises.
15
The next step was the interaction. Both the researcher and the college students
mutually set goal, in order to perform the Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises
to reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms. Assessment of premenstrual
symptoms with premenstrual symptoms diary and Quality of life with WHOQOL
Bref tool, followed by the execution of the interventions relaxation technique in the
experimental group I and Aerobic exercises in the experimental group II.
The last step in this process is transaction. In this, the goal outcome takes
place. The expected outcomes in the experimental group I and II were the reduction in
the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improvement in the quality of life.
Depending upon the transaction (goal outcome), feedback influences the perception,
judgment and action of the investigator and college students with premenstrual
symptoms. Then once again this entire process will repeat. In present study the
feedback is not included.
Summary
This chapter has dealt with the background of the study, need for the study,
statement of the problem, objectives of the study, operational definitions, null
hypothesis, assumptions, delimitation, conceptual framework.
16
* Feedback
Perception
Judgment
* Not under study * Feedback
Perception
Fig 1- Conceptual framework on effectiveness of Relaxation technique versus Aerobic exercises on the Premenstrual symptoms among the college
To identify some intervention to
improve pulmonary staying in the hostel based on King’s Goal Attainment Theory (1981).
function and
students
psychological well-being
17
CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sunitha and Ankur (2016) did a cross sectional study among 150 working
females in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital in Ranchi, India. Through purposive
sampling technique students, doctors, nurses and attendees were incorporated.
Premenstrual symptom checklist was used to assess the rate of recurrence and
distribution of premenstrual symptoms was correlated with various socio
demographic variables to evaluate the predictors of premenstrual symptoms. Among
150 subjects 22 (14.2%) were in the age group of 15-25 years, 78 (52%) were in the
age group of 26-35 years and 50 (33.3%) were in the age group of 36-45 years range.
Among the samples 33 (22%) were students, 87 (58%) were nursing staff and
30(20%) were ward attendants and workers. 25(16.7%) were educated up to primary
and middle stages while 125 (83.3%) were educated up to class 10th, married females
was 105(70%) and 45 (30%) were single. The premenstrual symptoms were divided
and classified into psychological, biological and somatic. Somatic symptoms were
40% reported laziness, 70% females reported back aches, 47% reported joint and
19
muscle pain, 30% reported fatigue, 28% reported breast aches and breast
engorgement, 24 % reported increased body weight and 26% reported headache.
Psychological symptoms were 445 with irritability and 36% reported anger, 26%
reported poor efficiency. Biological symptom includes 24% females reported reduced
sexual desire and 23.3% reported disturbed sleep. Few symptoms were highly
reported by majority of the subjects. Joint and muscle pain, irritability, feelings very
lazy and lethargic, fatigability, losing temper easily, stomach ache, increased
micturation, breast pain, poor efficiency. The irritability was highly significant with
correlation of age. The nursing staff reported more problem related to back ache, joint
and muscle pain, irritability, loosing temper easily and increased micturation while
ward workers and attendants had more disturbances due to poor efficiency. Student
group did not report comparatively to other groups. Backache was significantly more
in females belonging to nuclear families. Lethargy, losing temper easily, irritability
were also found more in females belongs to nuclear families. Fatigability and poor
efficiency were seen significantly more in married working females compared to
unmarried females was confirmed by Sunitha and Ankur
A cross sectional study was done by Fikru, Mebratic (2014) to assess the
prevalence, impacts and medical management of premenstrual syndrome among
female students studying in Mekelle University. Two hundred and fifty eight female
students of College of Health Sciences were enrolled in the study. Systematic
sampling technique was used to select 258 samples in the age group of 15-49 years
with at least two cycles regularly. A semi structured and self administered
questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire includes demographic
characteristics, gynecologic and obstetric profiles. Diagnostic and statistical named of
mental disorder was used to assess the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms.
Questionnaire was distributed to the samples and collected back. Among 258
participants, the response rate was 86.43% which was 223 participants. But only 173
participant‟s data were included for analysis. The commonly reported physical
symptoms were abdominal bloating 141 (81.5%), abdominal cramps 128 (74%),
breast tenderness 118 (68.2%), back pain 115 (66.5%), weakness 107 (61.9%),
generalized body pain 104 (60.1%) and head ache by 100 (57.8%). The psycho-
behavioral symptoms experienced by the participants were loss of interest in doing
things 134 (77.5%), depressed mood 129(34.6%), anger feeling 99 (57.2%) and
difficulty in concentrating 81 (46.8%). 83 (48%) of the participants reported
impairment in the academic performance with their periods, remaining reported that
they did not have performance interference with premenstrual symptoms. 64 (37%) of
the participants had mild type of premenstrual symptoms and 45 (26%) with moderate
premenstrual symptoms. It revealed that the participants whose average length of one
menstrual cycle (3 days) were 5 times (Cor = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.070-0.569, P value =
0.003) more likely to develop premenstrual symptoms when compared with average
23
length of one cycle of menstruation 6-8 days. Impairment of academic performance
was three times (AOR = 0.345, 95% CI = 0.183-0.653, P value = 0.001) more likely
to use premenstrual symptoms treatments as participants who do not have academic
performance impairment. The prevalence of premenstrual symptoms was high among
health sciences students of Mekelle University with prevalence of 37.0%. Commonest
physical symptoms were abdominal bloating, psycho behavioural symptoms were loss
of interest in doing things. Severe symptoms have negative impact on academic and
social performance of students. Average length of premenstrual bleeding affect the
development of premenstrual symptoms.
A Meta analysis was done by Ashraf, Kouroush, Ali and Satarak (2014). They
reviewed the world wide prevalence of premenstrual symptoms. Electronic search
was done between 1996- 2011 using the data base including Pub med and Medline.
The protocol was designed using PRISMA. Totally 53 abstracts were included. 26
papers were eligible for Meta analysis and systemic review. In last stage 17 full text
articles were used in review. Data synthesis was done by using random effect model
of Mantel Haenszel, with available data presented in forest plot. Variance was
calculated using binomial distribution formula. By using Chi-square heterogeneity
was determined with a significance level of <0.1.Meta regression was used to
examine the relationship between the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and
study‟s year and sample size. The results presented as 18,803 individuals were
Participants in the studies. The pooled premenstrual symptoms prevalence rate is 48%
.Based on the retrieved studies Iran has the highest prevalence of premenstrual
symptoms, but correlation between prevalence of premenstrual symptoms and year of
study was not significant (p = 0.797).
24
(29.41%), depression (13.24%), insomnia (5.88%) and anger (7.35%) respectively.
Elevated irritability and breast swelling / tenderness were observed in the age group of
19-24 years (92% and 82%) respectively. 53% of them were with no symptoms, 42%
with mild symptoms, 18.2% with moderate and 31.7% were with severe symptoms. So
the present study suggested that psycho physiological approaches to be treated by non
pharmacological methods and counseling.
Published literature was reviewed by Dennerstein et.al. in the year (2011) it‟s a
global study on prevalence and types of premenstrual disorder, symptoms and its
outcome on daily activities and occurrence of illness. Premenstrual disorders differ in
severity of symptoms. This study focused only on psychological symptoms but global
studies tinted on physical symptoms, which interferes with women‟s daily activities.
The study accomplished that the premenstrual symptoms in women was a recurrent
source of concern during their reproductive lives and moderate to severe symptoms
impact on their quality of lives
26
.Women of 15-45 years of age were surveyed for premenstrual symptoms. It was two
months web based survey. Overall 4032 women completed and submitted the
questionnaire. Analysis reported that women with moderate to severe premenstrual
symptoms had increased work alteration and impairment in the work productivity due
to premenstrual symptoms.
27
impairment of working productivity or efficiency using the PSST scale. The mean
number of days on daily record of severity of problems was higher for women with
moderate to severe premenstrual symptoms.
A cross sectional study was carried out by Nour, Mahnaz and Golbahar
(2009) to determine the prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms among
Iranian females of Zahedan University at Iran. It included female students with 18-27
years of age .Overall 300 participants were asked to fill the anonymous questionnaire
to assess premenstrual symptoms. The participants were instructed to identify
symptom they had experienced during two weeks preceding their menstruation (93
days, 4-6 days, 7-14 days before menstruation). The result showed that the age of 300
students ranged from 18 to 27 years with a mean age of 21.64 ± 2.13 years. Among
the 298 participants (98.2%) reported at least one symptom among the twenty
symptoms. 84 % had lethargy, 72.3% with depressed mood, 70.3% feeling of
sadness, 70% anxiety, 69% backache, 66% with sleep problems. Commonest
psychological symptoms were 84% with tiredness, 72.3% with depressed
mood,70.3% with mood changes. There was significant difference between the
severity of symptoms and 18-20 years of old age group and no difference in marital
status and those living with parents. The present study reported that 98.25 participants
have at least one premenstrual symptom, 885 with moderate symptoms, 735 have
severe symptoms.
28
Christine et.al. (2008) compared the prevalence and sternness of premenstrual
symptoms between the younger (13-15 years old) and older (16-18 year) adolescents.
75 adolescent girls were assessed by self reported premenstrual assessment form.
Participants had a mean age of 14.8, 96% identified themselves as Caucasian, 3% as
African- American and 1% as Asian. All the participants reported at least one
premenstrual symptoms of minimal severity (88%) with moderate symptoms, 73%
with severe premenstrual symptoms or extreme with 56% symptom. Most generally
reported symptoms were food cravings, abdominal discomfort, mood swings, stressed
feeling, dissatisfaction with appearance. This study concluded that premenstrual
symptoms reported as being moderate or greater in severity were found to be reported
high.
29
was performed to determine which of severe bio psychosocial and dietary factors
influenced premenstrual symptom score. (96.6%) samples experienced at least one
premenstrual symptoms and 176 (37.5%) had a high severity score. Premenstrual
symptom frequency was significantly associated with maternal history of
premenstrual syndrome, self perception of mental stress, consumption of sweet tasting
foods and coffee. The researchers concluded that women with premenstrual
symptoms might eliminate sweet tasting food and caffeine containing beverages,
particularly coffee from their diet.
30
Effect of Relaxation Technique on premenstrual syndrome
Su-ying T sai (2015) conducted a study from Aug 2014 to Oct 2015 among
female workers employed in large electronic manufacturers in Taiwan. Female
employees aged 20-45 years with healthy premenopausal women taking no oral
contraceptives, no medication for last 3 months. Simple experimental study design
was adopted. Among 401 female employees, only 269 subjects were included in the
study. Only 64 female employees completed full 12-week yoga exercise program
&134 employees did not completed 12 week course or dropped out. Short form 36-
item health survey was used as a tool to asses PMS trained yoga instructor, facilitated
the intervention of 50 min session twice a week for a duration of 12 weeks. Each 50
min session comprised of 5 min breathing exercise, 35 min yoga pose practice&10
min surprise meditation/relaxation. In the study Kapalabhati, Pranayama, breathing
exercise of yoga poses (cat-cow, child pose, downward dog, plank& cobra)were
included in yoga protocol.
A total of 64 subjects completed the intervention study. The mean age of the
subjects were 34.0 + 5.5 years, most of the subjects 56.3%were between 31 &40 yrs
of age and 62.5% had a college education level. Among the subjects 86% were office
workers ad 25% were shift workers.44.4% subjects reported that they felt stress in
daily life or work.
A quasi experimental study was conducted in India among the 100 medical
undergraduates. Among those 75 volunteered for the study. Out of 78 volunteers 65
females were recruited for the study .To orient to the study, they were given a lecture
on premenstrual symptoms. The questionnaire was designed on the basis of ACOG
criteria. It was distributed to all the subjects to record the symptoms prospectively for
two consecutive menstrual cycles. Questionnaire included somative and affective
31
symptoms. Only 58 subjects were found to have premenstrual symptoms. One group
of 20 girls who volunteered for yoga, another group of 20 to consume oral tablets of
calcium carbonate. Remaining 18 subjects were included as control group.
The yoga instructor tailored the instruction. Yoga was practiced for one hour
daily, 5 days in a week for a period of three months. The schedule included was OM,
is a mantra, various Yogasanas in standing, sitting and lying down positions,
Pranayama and Bhramarigunjan. At the end, session was concluded with Shavasana.
In the other group, calcium was supplemented around 500 mg orally for a period of 3
months. Students were enforced to consume calcium tablet in front of the researcher.
In the control group, 18 subjects were neither given yoga nor calcium. After three
months without the intervention the assessment of severity of symptoms was again
done by the same questionnaire.
Among 58 medical students, mean age of the subjects were 19.4 (1.07) years.
The mean weight of the control group was 51.2 kg at the beginning which declined to
51 kg at the end of the study (P < 0.05).In calcium group the mean weight was 53.9
kg and 52 kg at commencement and completion of study (P<0.05).A significant
reduction in pulse rate, and weight was observed in the yoga group when compared to
other two groups.
This study was a quasi experimental study to find the effect of positive self
talk, relaxation, and combination of both on the premenstrual symptoms. By using
simple random sampling method 80 women with pre menstrual symptoms were
selected. The first group underwent positive self talk and second group relaxation.
The third group received both the intervention. The duration of treatment was 8 one
hour sessions, with the help of premenstrual symptoms severity questionnaire were
used to assess the symptoms. The results showed that relaxation (23.2), positive self
talk(21.25) methods was effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms at
(P<0.001).The combined treatment method (relaxation and self talk) was more
effective in reducing the premenstrual symptoms.
Sharma et.al, in the year 2013 investigated among the north Indians ,the effect
of anuloma-viloma (Pranayama) and yogic asana on premenstrual syndrome. The
participants comprised of 60 females with premenstrual symptoms aged between 18-
40 years, having 28-34 days regular menstrual cycle. Based on random sampling
method, they divided into 3 equal group with 20 sample namely A (no intervention),
B (Anuloma-viloma) and C (Yogic asana). The parameters were Blood pressure, heart
rate, electromyogram, Gahanna skin response, respiratory rate, peripheral temperature
were recorded simultaneously, on an automated biofeedback apparatus. The subjects
of two groups performed yogic exercises regularly for seven days prior to each
menstrual cycle. Based on 3 observations the values were compared and computed
with basal level. There was a highly significant difference between the baseline data
and subsequent observation between the groups at p<0.05 level. This present study
concluded that relaxation technique showed a reduction in the severity of symptoms
in the study group than the control group.
33
Jawad Khalatbari and Samira Salimy Rejhad (2012) evaluated the effect of
relaxation on premenstrual syndrome at Azad university among the under graduate
and post graduate students. Among 80 students with premenstrual syndrome, they
were randomized 60 students in each groups (control and experimental group). An
experimental research with pre test, relaxation and post test was done. Physical and
psychological changes of premenstrual syndrome were effective among the student
for a duration of one month intervention (λ=0.92).
Progressive Muscle Relaxation was given to the study group A, for one month
duration and control group B without intervention was evaluated. Paired student t test
was used to analyze the data. Alpha error was set at 1% level.PMR showed a
significant reduction in depression score and anxiety score at (P<0.001) on
premenstrual symptoms. It concluded that Progressive Muscle Relaxation helps to
alleviate symptoms of premenstrual symptoms.
34
premenstrual symptoms. So there was a significant difference between the post test
grades of premenstrual syndromes in both control and experimental group. Hence this
study proved that relaxation technique was effective in reducing the premenstrual
symptoms.
36
ventilation and lipid profile. The results proved that there is a significant decrease in
premenstrual symptoms in both groups B and C. Group C improved with increased
rate of perceived exertion. LDL level did not change significantly but HDL, TGL.
VO2 max, FVC and MVC was improved significantly in group B and C remain
unchanged in group A. This study encourages the employment of regular moderate
intensity aerobic exercise as a potential exercise intervention for premenstrual
symptoms.
Zinat Ghanbari et.al., (2008) conducted a quasi experimental study to
determine the effectiveness of three months regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual
syndrome. Total of 91 volunteer women with regular menstrual cycle in Tehran
University of medical science were selected. A modified menstrual distress
questionnaire tool was used to assess the premenstrual symptoms. The participants
were divided into two groups, Non exercised (n=48) and exercised (n=43) groups.
The time duration of exercise was one hour and was carried out three times per week
for three months. Premenstrual symptoms were compared with the groups P value
was significant at P <0.05 level. There was no correlation between age, education,
marital status and severity of premenstrual symptoms.
Delara M et.al, (2012) evaluated a study to assess the health related quality of
life among Sabzevar boarding school adolescents with premenstrual disorder.602
adolescent school girls in the age group of 14 and 19 years with premenstrual
symptoms were included as sample. Health related quality of life was measured using
short form health survey. Among 602 adolescent girls, 224(37.2%) met the diagnostic
criteria of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. When compared between two groups
(premenstrual disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder), it was found that there
was significant difference between two groups in all measure such as emotional,
physical, social functioning and body pain at p<0.001 except for physical functioning.
The study findings confirmed that the adolescent girls with premenstrual disorder had
poor health related quality of life.
38
and 2.8% respectively. Among 23 documented symptoms, the core predominant
symptoms were joint pain, muscle and back pain, abdominal pain and irritability.
Physical symptoms were more prevalent from mental symptoms. There was a high
significance with impaired activities of daily life with severity of premenstrual
symptoms.
Lustyz et.al, (2004) conducted a study to assess the stress, quality of life and
physical activity in the women with premenstrual symptoms at Seattle, U.S. Women
with premenstrual symptoms aged 18-33 years were included in this study.
Premenstrual symptoms, stress, quality of life and exercise intensity, frequency,
volume were assessed based on premenstrual symptoms women were divided into
high and low premenstrual syndrome group and associated on stress, quality of life
and exercise variables. Result revealed that there was a significant association among
the women with high premenstrual symptoms and more stress, poor quality of life
than women with low premenstrual symptoms (p<0.05). Groups did not significantly
differ on any of these exercise variables. There were a non linear relationship
suggesting that women who exercise often or never do not associate exercise with
their symptoms, women with worst symptoms may respond by exercising.
A cross sectional study was conducted among the Iranian adolescents, aged
between 14 and 19 years were included in the study. The tools were international
classification of disease and Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder.
Health related quality of life was measured using short health survey. The data were
analyzed in a descriptive fashion and compared among subgroups of the study
sample. Among 602 female students, all the students reported at least one
39
premenstrual symptom. Among these 224(37.2%) met the diagnostic criteria of
premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It was found that there was a significance between
these two group in all measures (p<0.001) except for physical, weak functioning
(p=0.0274). This study findings affirm that adolescent with premenstrual disorder has
poor health related quality of life.
Valerian capsule and placebo capsule was prepared with the same packaging
and coded drug was advised to consume twice a day in the morning and evening after
a meal. Drug to be taken with one glass of water in the last seven days of menstrual
cycle for 3 days. Record sheets were coded similar to student code. Each student was
given three forms for three menstrual cycles. Researcher encoded the proper use of
drugs through phone calls. Drug was prepared under the supervision of
pharmacologist.
Data analysis showed that most of the subjects in both groups were in the age
group of 20-25 years, the mean and standard deviation of BMI were used to B and A
groups respectively, 22.55 +4.36 and 22.48 + 3.99.The economic situations were
appropriate in both the groups.
40
The mean and standard deviation of duration of premenstrual symptoms were
4.54+2.03 in B group and 4.35 + 3.42 in A group. Paired t test results indicated that
there was no statistically significant differences between before and after the
intervention in the severity of premenstrual symptoms in the control
group(p<0.051),but the significant difference was observed in experimental group
(p<0.01).Also Independent t test showed the statistically significant differences were
in mean severity of premenstrual symptoms in both B and A group(p<0.01).Repeated
measures ANOVA showed emotional(p=0.853),behavioral p=0.970),physical
(p=0.552) symptoms before and after the intervention in the control group were not
statistically significant, while in valerian observed a significant difference at P<0.001
level.
41
symptom knowledge (Z=6.32, P=0.00) and self health behavior (t=3.00, P=0.004)
compared to the control group. In the experimental group there was a significant
increase in premenstrual symptom knowledge (Z=4.64, P=0.00) and the self health
behaviour (t = -3.04, P=0.005) then before the intervention. The above study proved
that premenstrual symptom nutritional education programme was proven useful.
Summary
This chapter had dealt with the review of research literature related to the
problem stated.113 literatures were from the primary sources and 2 literatures were
from the secondary sources. It had helped the researcher to understand the impact of
the problem under study. It has also enabled the investigator to design the study,
develop the tool, and plan for data collection procedure and to analyze the date.
42
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the aspects like research approach, research design,
research setting, population, samples and sampling technique, sampling criteria,
variables, selection and development of study instruments, psycho metric properties
of the instruments, data collection procedure, pilot study and data analysis.
Research Approach
Research approach adopted for this study was Quantitative approach. The
researcher intended to compare the effect of Relaxation technique and Aerobic
exercises on premenstrual symptoms among the college students.
Research Design
The research design adopted for this study was comparative research design.
The research design is represented diagrammatically as follows.
43
X1-Intervention: Relaxation Technique refers to the deep breathing technique,
followed by head to foot relaxation technique. It is inhaling through the nose by
mental count of four, and then hold the breath for count of seven and exhaling through
the mouth for count of eight. This is one cycle. It is repeated for 4 cycles. In foot to
head relaxation, each part of the body parts are relaxed sequentially as follows. Right
foot, left foot, Right calf, Left calf, Right thigh, Left thigh, Hips and buttocks,
Stomach, Chest, Back, Right arm and hand, Left arm and hand, Neck and shoulders
and face and vice versa for a duration of 30 min five days in a week for three months.
Researcher underwent training on Relaxation Technique for a duration of three
months(Annexure-8).It was administered by the trained researcher.
Variables
Independent Variables
It is the variable hypothesized to the outcome variable of interest. In this
study, the independent variable was Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises for
the college students with premenstrual symptoms.
44
Dependant Variables
It is the variable hypothesized to depend on or to be caused by another
variable.It was the Level of PMS and Quality of life among the college students with
premenstrual symptoms.
Research Settings
RVS Group of Institutions consists of 128 colleges in and around the state.
One among these is situated in Sulur. It is situated 10-15 Kms away from Coimbatore
city. It includes Arts and science colleges, Engineering, Para medical science,
Indigenous system of medicine, Teacher training institute, Polytechnic, Management
studies, Banking courses. This study was conducted in the R.V.S. Hostel campus.It
has five hostel campus with accommodation of 1100 students. Each hostel
accommodates nearly 220 students.
Target Population
The target population comprises of college students in adolescent age group.
Accessible Population
College students those who were studying in selected arts and science colleges
undergoing undergraduate programme with premenstrual symptoms.
College students
Hostel students with pre-menstrual symptoms who fulfilled the inclusion
criteria.
Based on power analysis the prevalence of PMS was 45% among the hostel
students in the research setting with allowable error 11% and power of 89% college
students with PMS. The statistical significance become measured as P<0.05 level.
Consider 5% dropout the calculated sample size was 97 in each group.
n=(1-n/N)*t2(p*q)/d2
n=sample size
N=size of eligible population
45
t2=square value of standard deviation that refer to area under normal
distribution.
P=Prevalence rate
q=100-p
d2=square value of one half in the precision value in the sample estimation.
(1-n/N)=It is not taken in consideration because its little effect on sample size
estimation.
t2 =(1.96)2
p =45%
q=100-45=65
d2=112
= 1.96 *1.96(45*65)/112
=
3.8416*2925/121
= 11236.68/121
= 92.86 =93
= 5% dropouts add5/100*93=4
Therefore total sample size n= 97
Sample Size
In each hostel the participants were screened for premenstrual symptoms by
using the checklist.100 students in unit III and 100 in unit V were with premenstrual
symptoms. Sample size was 97 hostel students with premenstrual symptoms in unit
III hostel (experimental group I) and 97 hostel students in unit V hostel (experimental
group II). After the deletion of drop outs the sample size was 89 College students in
experimental group 1 and 92 College students in experimental group 11.
Sampling technique
R.V.S. Educational trust hostel in Sulur was selected area of setting based on
the convenience of the researcher and cooperation of the concerned authority. Only
hostel students were included in the study. There were five hostels in the campus,
among these two hostels were selected randomly. In each hostel, college students
were screened by using the premenstrual symptoms checklist. Total sampling
method was used to select the samples in each hostel. All the college students with
46
premenstrual symptoms were included as samples. They were asked to enter in the
premenstrual symptom diary based on severity of symptoms.
Inclusion Criteria
College students who were staying in the hostel and were willing to participate
in the study.
College students with regular menstrual cycle.
Age between 17-23 years.
Full time undergraduate students.
Exclusive Criteria
College students do not have PMS symptoms.
History of diseases such as asthma, diabetic, renal, cardiac, psychiatric,
thyroid, epilepsy or on medication.
History of menstrual problems such as, menorrhagia, metrorhagia, polycystic
ovary disease.
Tools
47
4. Premenstrual Symptoms Diary
The premenstrual symptoms was categorized as follows. It consists of physical
symptoms, psychological symptoms, behavioural symptoms and pain. Physical
symptoms include tiredness,Insomnia,changes in sexual interest,foodcravings,breast
tenderness,nausea.Psychologicalsymptoms include irritability,anger,anxiety,
depression, crying, difficulty in concentrating.Behaviouralsymptomsincludes
relationship problem and feeling overwhelmed.Pain includes
Headache,Backpain,Abdominal pain, muscle and joint pain,weightgain.Itwas a
subjective checklist recorded by the sample everyday. Researcher distributed the
Premenstrual symptoms diary to the College students and instructed to circle the
days of menstrual period and record them daily in the diary. This helps the samples
to confirm premenstrual period that occurs five days before the menstruation.
Scoringand Interpretation
It is a four point scale. Minimum score for each question was 1 and maximum
score for each question was 4. changes in sexual interest was not applicable for the
students, so the score was given as one-no symptom.
48
Number of items in each tool were 14.It is a 4 point scale. Maximum score
was 56 and minimum score was 14 .
Validation of tools
Content validity
Content validity of the tools for demographic, clinical profile, dietary habits,
premenstrual symptom diary, and World Health Organization BREF Quality of life
tool and rating scale to measure the level of satisfaction of the relaxation and aerobic
exercises were established by obtaining opinion and suggestion from the experts in
the field of obstetrics & gynecologist (1), obstetrics and gynecological nursing (3),
psychologist (2), sociologist (1), and statistician (1). Main tools such as premenstrual
symptoms diary and WHOQOL BREF tool were standardized tool, so no corrections
were given by the experts. There was 100% agreement in all the items of the
tools.only few items such as dietary variable,demographic variable had 90%
agreement. Hence no modifications were done. Level of satisfaction in the
intervention Aerobic exercises,in the item administration of Aerobic exercises,it can
be practiced indoor was added as per experts suggestion. content validity index
(Annexure 6).
Reliability
The researcher used the standardized tool to assess the premenstrual
symptoms and the quality of the life tool.
WHOQOL Bref tool: Intra-rater reliability was 0.84-0.93(ICC range).
Inter-rater reliability was 0.56-0.95(ICC range).
49
Techniques
The study was conducted after obtaining permission from the secretary RVS
Educational trust. Consent was obtained from the College students. Confidentiality
was maintained throughout the study.
50
TARGET POPULATION
College students those who were staying in the hostel
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
Assessmentof
PMS After
End of seventh month Intervention End of seventh month
WHOQOL tool was assessed
WHOQOL tool was assessed
51
Pilot Study Report
Pilot study was conducted at Michael job centre at Sulur, Coimbatore. Data
was collected for the duration of seven months. PMS checklist was distributed to
survey the students with PMS in the age group of 17-23 years. 93College students
were there in the campus with at least one PMS symptoms. 10 College students were
selected in each group by lottery method. The College students were distributed the
PMS diary and quality of life tool to record the symptoms subjectively. After two
month the diary was collected .By a lot method the College students were distributed
in two experimental groups. Two interventions were carried out in the evening time in
separate campus. Study was feasible to conduct. Tools were found to be relevant and
feasible to use. There was no confusion, duplication or ambiguity in the tools. Overall
study was found to be feasible and no problems were faced during the study.
Experimental group I
On the first day the session was started before half an hour and the instructions
were given and made them to do the deep breathing technique for 4 cycles and head to
foot relaxation followed by foot to head relaxation. Duration of the intervention was
30 minutes. Intervention was done 5 days in a week.
Experimental group II
The College students were gathered before the study and the warm up steps
were taught in two sessions. Aerobic exercises steps were taught in two sessions.
From the data collection period regularly the intervention was done for the duration
of 50 minutes.
In both the groups‟ premenstrual symptom diary was distributed for 2 months
and World health Organization BREF Quality of life Tool was distributed and
collected before the intervention. During and after the intervention for duration of 5
months premenstrual symptoms Diary was distributed to the College students. The
College students were instructed to mark in the diary every day and at the end of
every month the premenstrual symptoms diary was collected. At the end of seventh
month Quality of life tool was administered and collected .
52
Hence the data collection was done and the descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Pilot study report revealed that the
tool was reliable and feasible.
Data Collection
Data were collected for a period of seven months. Obtained written consent
from all the College students. Survey was done with premenstrual symptoms
checklist. College students with at least one premenstrual symptom was included in
the study. By using purposive sampling method 97 College students were selected in
the unit III campus with the premenstrual symptoms. In unit V hostel, 97 College
students were selected with premenstrual symptoms. Premenstrual symptom diary
was distributed to record the symptoms subjectively and quality of life tool was
administered to the College students before the intervention. Two interventions were
carried out in the evening time in separate campus for a period of three months. Both
the interventions were administered in two divided batches. Each batch
accommodates 43-44 participants. PMS diary was distributed for the consecutive 3
months during the intervention and collected at the end of each month. Again a
premenstrual symptom Diary was distributed for 2 months without the researcher
presence the compliance of the intervention was assessed. Quality of life tool was
distributed at the seventh month for the post test. Quality of life tool was collected
back.
Experimental Group I
On the first day the session was started before half an hour and the instructions
were given and made them to do the deep breathing technique for 4 cycles and Head
to foot muscles are relaxed in a sequence as follows feet and lower limbs, abdomen,
chest, shoulder, arm, neck and face, and vice versa for about 30 minutes. Intervention
was done 5 days in a week. The college students were divided into two batches. Forty
four in a batch and forty three in other batch.
Experimental group II
The college students were gathered before the study and the warm up steps
were taught in two sessions. Aerobic exercises steps were taught in two sessions.
From the data collection period regularly the intervention was done for the duration of
53
50 minutes, five days in a week. The college students were divided into two batches.
Forty three in a batch and forty four in other batch.
Hence the data collection was done and the descriptive statistics and
inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.
Summary
This chapter dealt with the research design, variables, population, settings,
sample size, sampling technique, Exclusion criteria, Tools, validity and reliability,
Techniques, pilot study, data collection.
54
CHAPTER – IV
The analysis of the data are organized and presented under the Following headings:
Description of demographic variables in frequency and percentage.
Description of clinical variables and dietary variables in frequency and
percentage.
Mean and standard deviation, RMANOVA and Post hoc Analysis of the
experimental group I and II.
Mean, Standard deviation, Independent t test between the groups after the
intervention.
Association between PMS and demographic variables, clinical variables of the
college students.
Mean, standard deviation and t test of quality of life before and after the
intervention.
55
Hypothesis of the study
Ho1. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the relaxation technique in the experimental group I among the college students.
Ho2. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms before and
after the aerobic exercises in the experimental group II among the college students.
Ho3. There will be no significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms after the
relaxation technique and aerobic exercises in the experimental group I and II among
the college students.
Ho5. There will be no significant difference between the Quality of life of the college
students in the experimental group I and II.
56
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TableNo.1. Frequency & Percentage distribution of Experimental Group I and II
According to the Demographic Characteristics.
Experimental Experimental
S. Demographic Group I Group II χ2
P Value
No. Characteristics n=89 n=92
f % f %
1. Age in Years
18 years 23 25.8 14 15.21
19 years 34 38.2 30 32.60 5.60 0.13 NS
20 years 25 28.1 37 40.2 df=3
21 years 7 7.9 11 11.9
2. Place
Kerala 40 44.9 37 40.2 0.41 0.52 NS
Tamilnadu 49 55.1 55 59.8 df=1
3. Type of Family
2.80
Joint 15 16.9 25 27.2 0.09 NS
df=1
Nuclear 74 83.1 67 72.8
4. Family Size
2-3 members 0 0 1 1.1
3-4 members 9 10.1 8 8.7 5.109
0.16 NS
4-5members 65 73.0 56 60.9 df=3
>5 members 15 16.9 27 29.3
5. Education of the
Sample
U.G 89 100.0 92 100.0 0 0
6. Educational Status
of the Father
Primary 3 3.4 0 0 0.22 NS
Secondary 13 14.6 14 15.2
Higher secondary 33 37.1 39 42.39 5.72
57
Experimental Experimental
S. Demographic Group I Group II χ2
P Value
No. Characteristics n=89 n=92
f % f %
Graduate 35 39.3 29 31.52 df=4
Post Graduate 5 5.6 10 10.86
7. Educational Status
of the Mother
Primary 8 9.0 5 5.43
1.001
Secondary 16 18.0 17 18.47 0.91 NS
df=4
Higher secondary 38 42.7 40 43.47
Graduate 25 28.1 27 29.34
Post Graduate 2 2.2 3 3.2
8. Occupation of
father
Govt 17 19.1 14 15.2
Private 39 43.8 54 58.7 5.45 0.14 NS
Business 33 37.1 23 25.0 df=3
Unemployed. 0 0 1 1.1
9. Occupation of
mother
Govt 8 9.0 2 2.2
Private 16 18.0 11 11.9 5.84 0.12 NS
Business 8 9.0 10 10.9 df=3
Unemployed. 57 64.0 69 75.0
58
It was also noted that majority of the college students were studying in UG
courses (100%, 100%) from nuclear family (83.1%, 72.8%) with a family size of 4-5
members (73%,60.9%) among the experimental groups I and II respectively.
It was also noted in fig.3. that monthly family income was found to be Rs.
10,000 to Rs. 20,000 (57.3%,69.6%) among the experimental groups I and II
respectively.
The experimental groups I and II were found to be homogenous based on chi-
square test with regard to the distribution of demographic variables.
69.6
70
57.3
60
50
40 33.7
30
20 13 13
10 5.6 4.4
3.4
0
<Rs 10,000 Rs 10,000-20,000 Rs 20,000-30,000 >Rs 30,000
59
Table No.2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I
and II according to the Clinical Variables.
Experimental Experimental
Group I Group II
S. n=89 n=92 χ2
Clinical Variables P Value
No.
f % f %
It can be inferred from the data presented in Table.2, that majority of the
college students had normal weight (91.1%,94.56%) and their menstrual cycles were
found to be regular with 30 days cycle (56.1%,57.6%) and did not have any prior
knowledge about PMS (64.04%,63.04%) in experimental groups I and II respectively.
The source of information among the college students who had previous information
was found to be from family members (13.48%) in experimental group I and from the
friends (14.13%) and books/magazines (11.95%) in experimental group II. the
distribution of clinical variables were found to be homogenous in experimental groups
I and II.
60
It can be inferred from the data presented in Fig.4, that majority of the college
students attained menarche at the age of 13-15 years (73%,80.43%) in both
experimental group I and II (χ2= 1.39) which shows the homogenicity.
From the table 1 it was noted that there was no significant difference in the
demographic characteristics of experimental group I and II and homogenecity was
proved by using chis quare test.
It can be inferred from the data presented in Fig.5, that the source of
information among the college students who had previous information was found to
be from family members (13.48%) in experimental group I and from the friends
(14.13%) and books/magazines (11.95%) in experimental group II. the distribution of
clinical variables were not found to be homogenous (χ2= 10.01) in experimental
groups I and II.
61
Menarcheal Age in the Menarcheal Age in
Experimental Group I the Experimental
10-12 years 13-15 years 0% Group II
0% 10-12 years 13-15 years
27% 20%
73% 80%
62
100%
90%
80%
70%
TV /Mass Media
60%
Book/Magazine
50% Friends
40% Internet
Family Members
30%
20%
10%
0%
Experimental Group I Experimental Group
II
63
TableNo.3. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Experimental Group I and
II according to the Dietary Variables.
Experimental Experimental
S.N group I group II χ2
Dietary variables. P Value
o. n = 89 n = 92
f % f %
1. Intake of fast food.
Daily 0 0 0 0
Frequently 28 31.4 37 40.21 1.51
0.22 NS
Occasionally 61 68.5 55 59.78 df =1
Not at all. 0 0 0 0
2. Intake of fried food.
Daily 0 0 0 0
Frequently 22 24.7 26 23.92 0.29
0.59 NS
Occasionally 67 75.2 66 71.7 df =1
Not at all. 0 0 0 0
3. Intake of coffee /tea in
times
>5 1 1.1 3 3.2
5-4 21 23.5 24 26.08 1.18 0.76 NS
2-3 66 74.1 64 69.56 df =3
1-2 1 1.1 1 1.08
None 0 0 0 0
4. Intake of milk and its
products.
350 ml 0 0 0 0
2.18
200-350ml 15 16.8 9 9.7 0.54 NS
df =3
100-200 ml 36 40.4 38 41.3
<100 ml. 33 37.0 40 43.4
No 5 5.61 5 5.43
64
Experimental Experimental
S.N group I group II χ2
Dietary variables. P Value
o. n = 89 n = 92
f % f %
5. Intake of fruits and
green vegetables.
11 12.3 17 18.47 3.09
<100 g. 0.21 NS
66 74.1 57 61.95 df =2
100-200g.
12 13.4 18 19.56
No
NS -Not significant * -significant
The dietary habits of the college students were found to be with majority of
them taking occasionally only the fast foods (68.5%,59.8%) and fried foods
(75.3%,71.7%), drinking coffee/tea for 1-2 times per day (66%,64%) and their intake
of vegetables and fruits per day was 100 -200 gms (74.2%,62%) and a significant
percentage of them consuming milk and milk products @ 200 – 350ml
(40.4%,41.3%) or 100-200ml (37.1%,43.5%) in experimental groups I and II
respectively as per the data in Table.3. It was also found that both the group college
students were distributed homogeneously with regard to dietary habits.
65
Table No.4. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
66
4.36 but after the intervention it was only M= 35.26, SD= 4.44. The noticed reduction
of mean score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measure analysis of
variance (RM ANOVA) (F = 2251.834, P<0.001) calculated based on the participants
rating of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean
differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference = 21.79, P<0.001), before and
after (Mean difference = 28.43, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference =
6.64, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant. This shows
that relaxation technique was effective in reducing the PMS symptoms among the
college students. Hence the null hypothesis Ho1 was rejected and there will be no
significant difference in the PMS before and after the intervention of relaxation
techniques to experimental group I .
67
Table No. 5. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Physical symptoms before, during and after
the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Sample size Mean Std deviation Std error
Before 18.97 .80 .08
During 89 15.32 1.74 .18
After 10.79 2.48 .26
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Physical symptoms in
the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean sig p <
Source Df F
squares squares 0.01
Between time
2992.377 1.384 2162.790 730.508* .000
period
Error 360.474 121.754 2.961
POSTHOC Analysis of the Physical symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Physical
Post test Mean difference p < 0.01
symptoms.
During 3.64* .00
Before
After 8.18* .00
Before -3.64* .00
During
After 4.53* .00
Before -8.18* .00
After
During -4.53* .00
68
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group I before the
intervention of relaxation technique was M=18.97, SD=0.80, during M=15.32, SD
=1.74, whereas after the intervention it was only M=10.79, SD=2.48. The noticed
reduction of mean score of physical symptoms of PMS was found to be significant in
the RM ANOVA (F=730.508), P<0.001) calculated based on the participants rating of
physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed
that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=3.64,
P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=8.18, P<0.001) and during and after
(Mean difference=4.53, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were
significant.
69
Table No.6. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Psychological symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I..
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 20.85 1.19 .12
During 89 16.41 1.77 .18
After 11.28 2.75 .29
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Psychological
symptoms in the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean
Source df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between time
4082.671 1.336 3055.581 703.303* .000
period
Error 510.839 117.580 4.345
POSTHOC Analysis of the Psychological symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Psychological
Post Test Mean Difference p < 0.01
symptoms.
During 4.43* .00
Before
After 9.56* .00
Before -4.43* .00
During
After 5.13* .00
before -9.56* .00
After
During -5.13* 0.0
70
In experimental group I the psychological symptoms before the intervention
was M=20.85,SD=1.19, during M=16.41,SD=1.77, which was reduced after the
intervention ( M=11.28,SD=2.75). The findings were further analyzed with RM
ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention was
statistically significant (F=703.303, P<0.001).
It was also evidenced in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference=4.43, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=9.56, P<0.001) and during and after(Mean difference =5.13, P<0.001) the
intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
71
Table No.7. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Sample Std Std
Mean
Size Deviation Error
Before 6.59 .90 0.95
During 89 5.21 .77 .08
After 3.70 1.11 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Behavioural
Symptoms in the Experimental Group I.
Sum of Mean
Source df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between time
371.732 1.294 287.207 369.520* .000
period
Error 88.527 113.898 .777
POSTHOC Analysis of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I.
Behavioural
Post test Mean Difference p < 0.01
symptoms.
During 1.38 0.0
Before
After 2.88 0.0
Before -1.38 0.0
During
After 1.50 0.0
before -2.88 0.0
After
During -1.50 0.0
72
In Table 7, the behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group I, before
the intervention was M=6.59,SD=0.90, during M=5.21,SD=0.77, which was found to
be less after the intervention (M=3.70,SD=1.11). The findings were further analyzed
with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention
was statistically significant (F=369.520, P<0.001).
It was also evidenced in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference=1.38, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=2.88, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=1.50, P<0.001) the
intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
73
TableNo.8. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Pain Symptoms in Experimental Group I.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Pain Symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group I
College
Mean Std Deviation Std Error
students
Before 17.27 1.04 .11
During 89 13.94 1.04 .11
After 9.47 1.84 .19
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Pain Symptoms in the
Experimental group I
Sum of Mean
Source Df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between
2722.103 1.387 1963.268 955.558* .000
time period
Error 250.686 122.013 2.055
POSTHOC Analysis of the Pain before, during and after the Intervention in
the Experimental Group I
Pain Symptoms. Post Test Mean Difference Sig at p < 0.01
During 3.33* .00
Before
After 7.79* .00
Before -3.33* .00
During
After 4.46* .00
before -7.79* .00
After
During -4.46* .00
74
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group I depicted in
Table 8, before the intervention was M=17.27,SD=1.04, during M=13.94,SD=1.04,
which was found to be less after the intervention ( M=9.47,SD=1.84).
The RM ANOVA analysis of the data revealed that the less perception of pain
after the relaxation technique was statistically significant (F = 955.558, P<0.001). The
Post hoc analysis also supported the findings wherein the mean differences in pain of
PMS before and during (Mean difference=3.33, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=7.79, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=4.46, P<0.001) the
intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
75
Table No.9. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and Post
Hoc analysis of Overall Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
76
The overall PMS in experimental group II before the intervention of Aerobic
exercise was M=61.11, SD=3.5, during the intervention was M = 45.24, SD= 3.4 but
after the intervention it was only M=23.58, SD=3.4. The noticed reduction of mean
score of PMS was found to be significant in the repeated measure analysis of variance
(RMANOVA) (F=1879.934, P<0.001) calculated based on the college students rating
of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis of the data also revealed that the mean
differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=15.86, P<0.001), before and
after (Mean difference=37.52, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=21.66,
P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant.This shows that
Aerobic exercises was effective in reducing the PMS among the college students.
Hence the null hypothesis Ho1statingthat there will be no significant difference in the
PMS before and after the intervention of Aerobic exercises to experimental group II
was rejected.
77
Table No.10. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Physical Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Physical Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 17.77 1.12 .11
During 92 12.89 1.26 .13
After 5.78 1.08 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Physical symptoms
in the Experimental Group II.
Sum of p<
Source df Mean Squares F
Squares 0.01
Between time
6699.937 1.725 3883.958 .000
period 3686.534*
Error 165.384 156.978 1.054
POSTHOC Analysis of the Physical symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental group II.
Physical Symptoms. Post Test Mean Difference p < 0.01
During 4.88* .00
Before
After 11.99* .00
Before -4.88* .00
During
After 7.11* .00
before -11.99* .00
After
During -7.11* .00
78
The physical symptoms of PMS in experimental group II as denote in the
table.10, before the intervention of Aerobic exercise was M=17.77, SD=1.12, during
M=12.89, SD=1.26, whereas after the intervention it was only M=5.78, SD=1.08.
The noticed reduction of mean score of physical symptoms of PMS was found
to be significant in the RM ANOVA (F=3686.534), P<0.001) calculated based on the
college students rating of physical symptoms of PMS. In Further the Post hoc analysis
of the data also revealed that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean
difference=4.88, P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=11.99, P<0.001) and
during and after (Mean difference=7.11, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic
exercises were significant.
79
TableNo.11. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Psychological Symptoms in Experimental Group II.
Mean and Standard Deviation of the Psychological Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 19.86 2.03 .21
During 92 15.70 1.46 .15
After 5.78 1.08 .11
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Psychological
Symptoms in the Experimental Group II.
Sum of Mean
Source df F Sig
Squares Squares
Between time
9631.187 1.708 5640.263 2521.324* .000
period
80
In experimental group II, as per the Table.11, the psychological symptoms
before the intervention was (M=19.86, SD=2.03), during (M=15.70,SD=1.46), which
was reduced after the intervention ( M=5.78,SD=1.08). The findings were further
analyzed with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the
intervention was statistically significant (F=2521.324, P<0.001).
It was also evidenced in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference=4.15, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=14.08, P<0.001) and during and after(Mean difference=9.92, P<0.001) the
intervention of Aerobic exercises were significant.
81
TableNo.12. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Behavioural Symptoms in Experimental group II.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and
after the Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 6.42 .91 .09
During 92 4.63 .66 .07
After 3.78 .85 .08
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Behavioural
Symptoms in the Experimental Group II.
Sum of
Source df Mean Squares F p < 0.01
Squares
Between
333.616 1.256 265.665 442.202* .000
time period
Error 68.654 114.276 .601
POSTHOC Analysis of the Behavioural Symptoms before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Behavioural
Post Test Mean Difference p < 0.01
Symptoms.
During 1.78* 0.0
Before
After 2.63* 0.0
Before -1.78* 0.0
During
After 0.85* 0.0
Before -2.63* 0.0
After
During -0.85* 0.0
82
In Table 12, the behavioural symptoms of PMS in experimental group II,
before the intervention was (M=6.42,SD=0.91), during (M=4.63,SD=0.66), which
was found to be less after the intervention ( M=3.78,SD=.85). The findings were
further analyzed with RM ANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS
after the intervention was statistically significant (F = 442.202, P<0.001).
It was also evidenced in Post hoc analysis that the mean differences in PMS
before and during (Mean difference=1.78, P<0.001), before and after (Mean
difference=2.63, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean difference=0.85, P<0.001) the
intervention of Aerobic exercise were significant.
83
TableNo.13. Mean and Standard Deviation, Repeated Measure ANOVA and
Post Hoc analysis of Pain Symptoms in Experimental group II.
Mean and Standard deviation of the Pain before, during and after the
Intervention in the Experimental Group II.
Sample Size Mean Std Deviation Std Error
Before 17.04 1.4 .14
During 92 12.00 1.9 .20
After 8.23 2.0 .21
Repeated Measure ANOVA by Greenhouse-Geisser of the Pain in the
Experimental Group II.
Sum of Mean
Source df F p < 0.01
Squares Squares
Between time
3593.597 1.581 2273.132 942.702* .000
period
Error 346.894 143.862 2.411
POSTHOC Analysis of the Pain before, during and after the Intervention in the
Experimental Group II.
Pain Post test Mean difference p < 0.01
During 5.03* .00
Before
After 8.80* .00
Before -5.03* .00
During
After 3.77* .00
before -8.805* .00
After
During -3.77* .00
84
The perception of pain symptoms of PMS in experimental group II depicted in
Table 13, before the intervention was (M=17.04,SD=1.4), during (M=12.00,SD=1.9),
which was found to be less after the intervention ( M=8.23,SD=2.0). The RM
ANOVA analysis of the data revealed that the less perception of pain after the
Aerobic exercises was statistically significant (F=942.702, P<0.001).
The Post hoc analysis also supported the findings wherein the mean
differences in pain of PMS before and during (Mean difference=5.03, P<0.001),
before and after (Mean difference=8.80, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean
difference=3.77, P<0.001) the intervention of Aerobic exercises were significant.
85
TableNo.14. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Overall
Premenstrual Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
Levene’s p≤
Group N Mean S.D. t value p ≤
Test F 0.01
0.01
86
Table No.15.Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Physical
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
It was inferred from the Table 15 that the mean and standard deviation of
physical symptoms of PMS in the Experimental group II (M=5.78 SD=1.08) was
observed to be less than the (M=10.79 SD =2.48) in the Experimental group I. The
t value (17.66) was significant at P<.01 level. The noticed reduction of physical
symptoms of PMS was found to be significant in the Aerobic exercise group than the
Relaxation technique.
87
Table No.16. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Psychological
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II, and After Intervention.
88
TableNo.17.Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Behavioural
Symptoms in Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
3.64 0.058
0.53NS 0.59
Experimental II 92 3.78 0.85
df =179
NS -significant *significant
89
Table No.18. Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation on Pain Symptoms in
Experimental Group I and II After Intervention.
Table 18 reveals that the pain symptoms in experimental group II which had
the intervention of aerobic exercises the Pain symptoms score was less (M=8.23, SD
=2.02) in comparison with the experimental group I (M=9.47, SD=1.84) which had
relaxation technique as their intervention. The ( t= 4.29) was statistically significant at
p<0.001 level.
90
TableNo.19. Association of mean score of PMS after the intervention with the
selected demographic, Clinical, Dietary variables for Experimental Group I
N=89
PMS Score
Sl. Chi P
Demographic variables Below Mean Above Mean
No. Square value
f % f %
1 Age in years a. 18 16 17.9 7 7.86
10.844
b. 19 15 16.85 19 21.34
* 0.013
c. 20 6 6.74 19 21.34
Df =3
d. 21 2 2.24 5 5.61
2 Place a. Kerala 22 24.71 18 20.22 3.689
0.055
b. Tamilnadu 17 19.10 32 35.95 Df =1
3 Family Type a. Nuclear 32 35.95 42 47.19 0.059
0.807
b. Joint 7 7.86 8 8.98 Df =1
4 Family size a. 3-4 members 5 5.61 4 4.49
0.690
b. 4-5 members 27 30.33 38 42.69 0.708
Df =2
c. >5members 7 7.86 8 8.98
5 Income/ a. <Rs.10000 11 12.36 19 21.34
Family b. Rs.10000-20000 24 26.96 27 30.33 1.507
0.681
c. Rs.20000-30000 3 3.37 2 2.24 Df =3
d. >Rs.30000 1 1.12 2 2.24
6 Age at a. 10-12 years 9 10.11 15 16.85 0.533
0.465
menarche b. 13-15 years 30 33.70 35 39.32 Df =1
7 Menstrual a. 26 days 2 2.24 1 1.12
cycle b. 28 days 12 13.48 13 14.60 1.122
0.772
c. 30 days 20 22.47 30 33.70 Df =3
d. 32 days 5 5.61 6 6.74
8 Previous a. No
0.775
Knowledge 23 25.84 34 38.20 0.379
Df =1
on PMS
b. Yes 16 17.9 16 17.9
91
9 Intake of a. Frequently 0.341
11 12.36 17 19.10 0.559
fast food Df =1
b. Occasionally 28 31.46 33 37.07
10 Intake of a. Frequently 5.282*
5 5.61 17 19.10 0.022
fried food Df =1
b. Occasionally 34 38.20 33 37.07
11 Intake of a. 4-5 times 0 0 1 1.12
coffee/tea b. 2-3 times 6 6.74 15 16.85 4.629
0.201
( in times) c. 1-2 times 32 35.95 34 38.20 Df =3
d. None 1 1.12 0 0
12 Intake of a. 200-350ml 10 11.23 5 5.61
milk and b. 100-200ml 18 20.22 18 20.22 7.340
0.062
milk c. <100ml 10 11.23 23 25.84 Df =3
products d. Not taking 1 1.12 4 4.49
13 Intake of a. <100 gm 4 4.49 7 7.86
7.974*
fruits/ green b. 100-200 gm 34 38.20 32 35.95 0.019
Df =2
vegetables c. not taken/day 1 1.12 11 12.36
*. The Chi-square statistic is significant at the .05 level.
92
TableNo.20. Association of mean score of PMS after the intervention with the
selected demographic, Clinical, Dietary variables for Experimental Group II
N=92
PMS SCORE
Chi P
Sl. No. Demographic variables Below Above
mean mean Square value
f % f %
1 Age in e. 18 10 10.86 2 2.17
14.542
years f. 19 17 18.47 15 16.30
* 0.002
g. 20 10 10.86 27 29.34
Df =3
h. 21 2 2.17 9 9.78
2 Place a. Kerala 15 16.30 22 23.91 0.087
0.768
b. Tamilnadu 24 26.08 31 33.69 Df =1
3 Family a. Nuclear 26 28.26 41 44.56 1.298
0.255
Type b. Joint 13 14.13 12 13.04 Df =1
4 Family a. 2-3 members 1 1.08 0 0
size b. 3- 4 members 3 3.26 5 5.43 2.025
0.567
c. 4-5 members 22 23.91 34 36.95 Df =3
d. >5 members 13 14.13 14 15.21
5 Income/ a. <Rs.10000 6 6.52 6 6.52
Family b. Rs.10000- 28 30.43 36 39.13
20000 1.914
0.590
c. Rs.20000- 3 3.26 9 9.78 Df =3
30000
d. >Rs.30000 2 2.1 2 2.1
93
PMS SCORE
Sl. Chi
Demographic variables Below Mean Above Mean P value
No. Square
f % f %
8 Previous a. No 21 22.82 37 40.21
2.458
Knowledge 0.117
b. Yes 18 19.56 16 17.39 Df =1
on PMS
9 Intake of a. Frequently 11 11.95 26 28.26 4.063*
0.044
fast food b. Occasionally 28 30.43 27 29.34 Df =1
10 Intake of a. Frequently 6 6.52 20 21.73 5.536*
0.019
fried food b. Occasionally 33 35.86 33 35.86 Df =1
11 Intake of a. 4-5 times 1 1.08 2 2.17
coffee/tea b. 2-3 times 10 10.86 14 15.21 0.890
0.828
( in times) c. 1-2 times 28 30.43 36 39.13 Df =3
d. None 0 0 1 1.08
12 Intake of a. 200-350ml 3 3.26 6 6.52
milk and b. 100-200ml 15 16.30 23 25.0 7.323
0.062
milk c. <100ml 16 17.39 24 26.08 Df =3
products d. Not taking 5 5.43 0 0
94
TableNo.21. Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various domains
on QOL before and after intervention and its level of significance in
Experimental group I.
N=89
Before Intervention After Intervention Mean
t-value
Quality of Life Differ
Mean Mean % SD Mean Mean % SD P≤0.05
ence
Physical 22.19 63.4 3.03 25.91 74.02 2.47 3.72 12.34*
Psychologi
18.09 60.3 1.59 21.63 72.1 1.44 3.54 16.19*
cal
Social relation
5.71 38.1 0.79 7.69 51.3 0.72 1.98 17.17*
ship
Environ
17.0 42.5 1.35 23.58 58.95 2.17 6.58 29.30*
ment
Overall quality
68.61 52.8 3.64 85.92 66.09 3.97 17.31 43.49*
of life
* Significance Table value=1.98
Quality of life was analysed only in the first observation and the seventh
observation .The overall quality of life of experimental group I college students was
found to be statistically (t=43.49) significantly different between before (M=68.61,
SD=52.8) and after (M=85.92, SD=3.97) the intervention. The same finding was
noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as physical (M=63.4
SD=3.03,M=25.91SD=2.47,t=12.34)psychological(M=18.09,SD=1.59,M=72.1SD=1.
44,t=16.19)socialrelationship(M=5.71SD=0.79,M=7.69,SD=0.72,t=17.17)andenviron
ment(M=17.0,S.D=1.35,t=29.30) respectively before and after the intervention of
relaxation technique to experimental group 1 college students as data represented in
the above table 21.
95
Table No.22: Mean score and standard deviation on overall and various domains
on QOL before and after intervention and its level of significance in
Experimental group II
N=92
Before Intervention After Intervention Paired
Mean
Quality of t-value
Differen
Life Mean Mean % SD Mean Mean % SD P≤0.05
ce
In Table. 22, The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before
and after the intervention in the experimental group
II(M=70.27,SD=3.55,M=88.78,SD=4.53,) was found to be statistically significant at
(t=43.23). It was also evidenced that the various dimensions of quality of life before
and after the intervention as follows. Physical(M=21.39SD=2.74,M=27.73 SD=2.69,
t=21.84),Psychological(M=17.76SD=1.65,M=74.2SD=1.79,t=20.56),Socialrelationshi
p(M=6.28SD=0.45,M=7.68,SD=0.78,t=14.16),Environment(M=18.59,SD=1.35,M=2
3.99,SD=2.82,t=21.23).
96
Table No. 23 . Comparison of Mean and Standard Deviation of Quality of life
before and after the Intervention between the Experimental Group I and II.
Independent
df
Quality of life BEFORE AFTER t value
p≤0.05
MEAN S.D MEAN S.D
Experimental I 68.61 3.64 85.92 3.97 43.49 * 88
Experimental II 70.27 3.55 88.78 4.53 43.23* 91
*significance Table value =1.99
97
TableNo.24. Correlation of post test score of PMS score with the selected
demographic Clinical variables for Experimental Group I.
N=89
Sl. Demographic Mean Standard r-value P-value
No Variables Deviation
It can be interpreted the fig.6, as age increases (r =0.303, p=.004) the PMS
also increases in the experimental group I.
98
Correlation between PMS After
PMS Score After Intervention Intervention with Age in Years in
Experimental Group I
50
40
30
20
y = 1.477x + 6.929
10 R² = 0.091
0
17 18 19 20 21 22
Age in Years
99
Correlation between PMS with BMI After
PMS Score After Intervention Intervention in Experimental Group I
50
40 y = 0.682x + 20.74
30
R² = 0.058
20
10 r=.242 P=.022
0
0 10 20 30
BMI After Intervention
100
Table.No.25.Correlation of post test score of PMS with the selected demographic
variables for Experimental Group II .
Aerobic exercises had high impact on the Body mass index (r=.076,p=.0470), after
the intervention in the experimental group II as represented in the figure.8.
101
Correlation between PMS with BMI After
Intervention in Experimental Group II
35
PMS Score After Intervention
30 y = 0.249x + 18.07
25 R² = 0.005
20
15
10
5
0
0 10 20 30
BMI After Intervention
102
Table No.26. Frequency and percentage distribution of Level of Satisfaction on
the intervention in Experimental group I.
103
Effectiveness of Deep
breathing technique
12. and Head to foot
89 100% - - - - - -
relaxation technique
Benefit – reduction in
premenstrual symptoms.
13. Continuity – easy to
89 100% - - - - - -
follow
14. Comfortness after the
89 100% - - - - - -
relaxation technique.
Table no.26, Presents that the relaxation technique was administered,performed and
the effectiveness of the technique was highly satisfied by all the college students.
104
Table No.27.Frequency and percentage distribution of Level of Satisfaction on
the intervention in Experimental group II.
Highly
S.N Highly satisfied Satisfied Dissatisfied
Items dissatisfied
o
f % f % f % f %
Researcher
1. Explanation of
92 (100%) - - - - - -
steps of Aerobic
Exercises.
2. Approach of the
88 (95.7%) 4 (4.3%) - - - -
researcher
3. Time spent by
90 (97.8%) 2 (2.2%) - - - -
the researcher
4. Clarification by
92 (100%) - - - -
the researcher
5. Administration
of Aerobic
Exercises 85 (100%) 7 (7.6%) - - - -
Durationof
Aerobicexercises.
6. Frequency of the
rhythm in 92 (100%) - - - - - -
Aerobicexercises.
7. Choreography of
the Aerobic 92 (100%) - - - - - -
exercises.
8. Sequence of the
92 (100%) - - - - - -
steps.
9. Performance of
the Aerobic
92 (100%) - - - - - -
Exercises.
Easy to follow
105
the steps.
10. It can be
practised in 92 (100%) - - - - - -
doorly.
12. Effectiveness
ofAerobicexerci
ses.
Benefit –
Reduction in the - - - - - -
Premenstrual 92 (100%)
Symptoms after
doingthis
Aerobicexercises.
13. Continuity – easy
92 (100%) - - - - - -
to follow
14. Comfortnessafter
performing 92 (100%) - - - - - -
Aerobicexercises.
Summary
The analysis of the data using descriptive and inferential statistics clearly
revealed the effectiveness of Relaxation technique and Aerobic exercises positive in
reducing the premenstrual symptoms in college students. Few demographic variables
and clinical variables had a correlation with premenstrual symptoms.
106
CHAPTER-V
DISCUSSION
This chapter focusses on the findings of the study derived from statistical
analysis and its pertinence to the objectives of the study. Necessary explanations are
also provided to support the hypotheses postulated. The present study executed was
An Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Relaxation Technique Versus
Aerobic Exercises on the Pre Menstrual Symptoms among the College Students
Staying in the Hostel at Selected Colleges in Coimbatore.
The presentation of the discussion is based on the obtained results , the stated
objectives and hypotheses of the study which is as follows:
107
Most of the students (55.1%, 59.8%) were from Tamil Nadu which escalates
the improvement in female literacy rate in Tamilnadu. Few of the study participants
were ailing from Kerala owing to the geographic proximity of Coimbatore and
Kerala. (83.1%, 72.8%) of them belong to nuclear family probably due to current
trend of societal shift from joint family to nuclear family. But still the importance of
being with elders provide continuous supervision of the young ones preventing
undesirable and antisocial tendencies of adolescents.
Majority of the families had 4-5 members including the siblings, father and
mother (73%, 60.9%) which helps in enhancing the interpersonal relationship,
adjustment, development of positive attitudes among the youngsters.(37.1%,42.4%)
of the fathers and(42.7%,43.5%) mothers had undergone higher secondary level of
education which reveals that parents can be provided self education material for the
enhancement of the knowledge to practice in day to day life.
108
Nearly half of them (56.1%, 57.6%) had 30 days of regular menstrual cycle
which is in par with the usual pattern 23-25 days commonly. Nutritional factors,
environmental factors also has an influence over it. Three fourth of the samples
(64.04%, 63.04%) knew about the premenstrual symptoms. due to family, peer group
influence, knowledge shared easily by means of social media. Cenac et.al(1987)
found that among the Nigerian women frequency of premenstrual symptoms was
significantly high among educated women(43%) than illiterates(20%). Females with
prior knowledge had more perception of premenstrual symptoms than without
knowledge.
Majority of the college students drink coffee/tea 1-2 times per day to
substantiate the statement that (1.1%,1.08%). Intake of caffeine is one of the cause for
the premenstrual symptoms which is evident by the study findings of Rossinol and
Bonnlander (1990) conducted among 841 female students in Oregon university. They
stated that daily consumption of caffeine-containing beverages is related to the
prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome apart from any effects of daily total
fluid consumption. Analysis of the data revealed that consumption of caffeine-
containing beverages was strongly related to the prevalence of premenstrual
syndrome. Among women with more severe symptoms, the correlation between
consumption of caffeine-containing beverages and premenstrual syndrome was dose-
dependent, with prevalence odds ratios equal to 1.3 for consumers of one cup of a
caffeine-containing beverage per day and increasing steadily to 7.0 for consumers of
eight to 10 cups per day. Daily total fluid consumption also was related to the
prevalence of premenstrual symptoms although the effects were large only for
consumers of 13-19 cups of fluid per day which revealed that consumption of caffeine
is strongly related to the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome.
109
Nearly half of the participants (40.4%, 41.3%) had 100-200ml of milk and
milk products which is supported by a study by Charles platkin (2012) on PMS
symptoms which was reduced by 48 percent in women who took 1,200 mg/day of
calcium.Similar other studies also show that women with higher calcium intakes have
less PMS than women who consume less calcium and also cited by the above
author,. Charles platkin findings in his study contradicts the above concept showing
no difference in suffering between caffeine and non-caffeine users published in
TheInternet Journal of Endocrinology To be on the safe side, try to limit yourself to
one cup of coffee, or, better yet, drink tea, which has only about half as much
caffeine. More than half of the participants (74.2%, 62%) consumes fruits and green
leafy vegetables. Since, the students were hostellites they supplemented their food by
consuming fruits and vegetables.
110
Su ying Tsai (2016), investigated the effects of 12 weeks‟ yoga exercise (yoga
intervention) on premenstrual symptoms in 64 menstruating females in Taiwan. The
yoga exercise intervention was associated with the improvement of the scale of
physical function (p = 0.0340) and bodily pain (p = 0.0087) of the SF-36, and
significantly decreased abdominal swelling (p = 0.0011), breast tenderness (p =
0.0348), abdominal cramps (p = 0.0016), and cold sweats (p = 0.0143). Menstrual
pain mitigation after yoga exercise correlated with improvement in six scales of the
SF-36 (physical function, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality/energy,
social function, mental health). This is consistent with my study findings.
The present study findings was supported by Zinatghanbari et.al (2008) who
evaluated the effectiveness of three month regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual
syndrome. Study was conducted at Tehran University among 91 volunteers with
regular menstrual cycle. There was a significant difference in the reduction of
premenstrual symptoms by doing aerobic exercise for the duration of 1 hour, 3
times/week for three months. In the present study the mean score of the pain
symptoms before the intervention was 17.04 and after the intervention was 8.23.which
reveals the significance of aerobic exercises on the pain symptoms.
Yekke et.al.(2013) findings supported the present study findings. In his study
stated that pain reduction was significant at the end of first, third month of
intervention which supports the above findings. Three months of walking and aerobic
111
exercise were very effective in reducing pain and Physical symptoms of premenstrual
syndrome. Although aerobic exercise was more effective in reducing pain , but it did
not create a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Performing these
two exercises were recommended to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
ZeinabSamadi (2013) reported in his study on non athlete girls stated that
mean percentage score of premenstrual physical, psychological symptoms was high
when in comparison between before and after the aerobic exercise among both the
athelete and non athelete group which was highly significantly in the athelete group
at P<0.001 level. Comparatively the findings also established the fact that rather than
doing for 4 weeks, there was a drastic reduction of symptoms when doing aerobic
exercise for 8 weeks. Regular aerobic exercise increases the power of women‟s cardio
vascular activity, bone density, reducing stress and premenstrual symptoms. Zeinab
results affirm the present study findings.
Zeinab (2013) cited in their study that Girman‟s(2003) proved that anxiety can
be reduced by regular exercise for duration of 6 months, exercises has an effect on the
anxiety. It results in the elimination of negative thoughts and boosts the positive
thoughts.These different authors supports my results. Leptin acts at the receptor site in
hypothalamus area of emotional control. Exercises decreases the blood leptin levels in
women with psychological symptom of premenstrual symptoms.
The findings of this study was consistent with the study findings of Joyner and
Charkoudian (2004) on 20 women showed the balance of estrogen and progesterone
levels was balanced by doing 12 week aerobic exercises. Aganoff (1994) believed that
PMS symptoms and psychological symptoms may occur due to reduced B-endorphins
112
level, but by doing aerobic activity there is an increase in brain endorphins and
decreased level of adrenal cortisol to reduce severity the symptoms.
In contrast these authors reported their study findings. Isik et.al (2016) in his
study reported that students who skip breakfast, consume alcohol or fast food, drink
less than 2 cups of coffee/day have severe premenstrual symptoms. As serenity of
pms increased, quality of life significantly decreased. Purusotamanpramanik (2014)
also reported that among the study samples 13% of adolescents consumes fast food
every day in a week which affects the (menstrual health). Initiation of menarche is
also influenced by fast food intake.There is negative correlation between fast food
intake frequency and age of menarche. Padmavathi et.al found that there was no
significant association between physical symptom and selected demographic variables
(P=0/0001), psychological symptoms and demographic variables (P=0/032). Fiekru
et.al (2014) reported that, length of menstruation is related to develop premenstrual
symptoms.
113
intervention(M=70.27SD 3.55, M=88.78 SD=4.53). It was statistically proved with t
value (t=3.119, t=4.509). Hence the null hypothesis Ho5, stating that there will be no
significant difference in the quality of life before and after the intervention in
experimental group I and II was rejected.Padmavathyet.al,(2014) analyzed the life
quality of students decreased as premenstrual symptoms increases at P<0.01
level.Delaraet.al,(2012) evaluated health related quality of life in Iranian Adolescents
with premenstrual disorders. The study findings affirm the fact that adolescents with
premenstrual disorders suffer from poor quality of life which was consistent with this
study findings.
Thus the results of the study projected implicates the effectiveness of both
the Relaxation Technique and Aerobic Exercises on the overall premenstrual
symptoms and improvement in the Quality of life of adolescents. Adolescents were
enthusiastic in doing Aerobics exercises in this age group. Hence the impact of
aerobic exercises was comparatively better than the relaxation technique upon the pre
menstrual symptoms of adolescents.
114
In the experimental group II, mean score of overall premenstrual symptoms
and standard deviation before the intervention was 6.11 and 3.5 respectively. Whereas
after the intervention the mean score was 23.58 and the standard deviation was 3.4
which was highly significant rejecting the stated null hypothesis that there will be no
significant difference in the premenstrual symptoms during premenstrual period
before and after aerobic exercises in the experimental group II.Significant difference
was noted in the physical symptoms, psychological, behavioral, pain symptom
between the before and after the intervention at P<0.01 level.
This study was supported by Zinatghanbari et.al (2008) who evaluated the
effectiveness of three month regular aerobic exercise on premenstrual syndrome.
Study was conducted at Tehran University among 91 volunteers with regular
menstrual cycle. There was a significant difference in the reduction of premenstrual
symptoms by doing aerobic exercise for the duration of 1 hour, 3 times/week for three
months.In the present study the mean score of the pain symptoms before the
intervention was 17.04 and after the intervention was 8.23. which reveals the
significance of aerobic exercises on the pain symptoms.
Yekke et.al.(2013) in his study stated that pain reduction was significant at
the end of first, third month of intervention which supports the above findings. Three
months of walking and aerobic exercise were very effective in reducing pain and
Physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Although aerobic exercise was more
effective in reducing pain , but it did not create a significant improvement in
psychological symptoms. Performing these two exercises were recommended to
reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
ZeinabSamadi (2013) reported in his study on non athlete girls stated that
mean percentage score of premenstrual physical, psychological symptoms was high
when in comparison between before and after the aerobic exercise among both the
athelete and non athelete group which was highly significantly in the athelete group
at P<0.001 level. Comparatively the findings also established the fact that rather than
doing for 4 weeks, there was a drastic reduction of symptoms when doing aerobic
exercise for 8 weeks.Regular aerobic exercise increases the power of women‟s cardio
vascular activity, bone density, reducing stress and premenstrual symptoms.
115
Zeinab(2013) cited in their study that Girman‟s(2003) proved that anxiety can
be reduced by regular exercise for duration of 6 months, exercises has an effect on the
anxiety. It results in the elimination of negative thoughts and boosts the positive
thoughts.Leptin acts at the receptor site in hypothalamus area of emotional control.
Exercises decreases the blood leptin levels in women with psychological symptom of
premenstrual symptoms
Summary
Thus the results of the study projected well the effectiveness of both the
Relaxation Technique and Aerobic Exercises on the premenstrual symptoms and their
Quality of life can be implemented in the nursing practice.
116
CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Secondary objectives
5. To compare the Quality of life before and after the intervention in the
experimental group I and II among the college students.
6. To correlate the premenstrual symptoms and selected demographic variables
in the experimental group I and II among the college students.
7. To assess the level of satisfaction of the college students in the experimental
group I and II.
117
The Conceptual framework for this study was based on King‟s Goal
Attainment Theory (1981). In the present study the researcher and college students
with premenstrual symptoms met each other. The perception of the investigator was
that the pre menstrual symptoms affect the wellbeing and quality of life among the
college students. Researcher‟s judgment was to provide some intervention to reduce
the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The action of
the researcher was to obtain consent to participate in the techniques Relaxation
technique and Aerobic exercises.
The judgment of the college students was that they need some intervention to
reduce the severity of premenstrual symptoms and improve the quality of life. The
reaction of the process was arrangements made to do the intervention. Interaction was
made between the researcher and college students, assessment was done with the
PMS Diary,WHO brefQuality of life tool and the intervention was executed to
achieve the outcome of reduction in the severity of premenstrual symptoms and
improvement in the quality of life in both the groups. Relaxation techniques included
the deep breathing technique for four cycles followed by the head to foot relaxation
and vice versa for three months, five days in a week.Each session consisted of thirty
minutes. Aerobics Exercises included warm up phase for about ten minutes and thirty
minutes of Aerobic dance and a cool down phase of ten minutes. It is practiced for
five days in a week for a period of three months.
The data were collected from 181 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in two different campuses.Premenstrual Symptom Diary (PMS) was
distributed to the college students and assessed for two menstrual cycles. Then the
intervention was provided by trained researcher for the duration of three months. The
PMS Diary was also distributed during the intervention period and the college
students were instructed to record it. At the end of every month the diary was
collected. The PMS Diary was distributed again for two months and motivated them
to continue the intervention and collected back.The WHOQuality of Life Tool, was
assessed only once before and at the end of seventh month after the intervention.
The main study data collected from 89 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group I and 92 college students with premenstrual
symptoms in experimental group II were analyzed according to the objectives and
hypothesis of the study.The analysis of data was done through an integrated system of
computer program known as Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS20). The
major findings of the study were as follows:
It was also noted that majority of the college students were studying in UG
courses (100%, 100%) from nuclear family (83.1%, 72.8%) with a family size of 4-5
members (73%,60.9%) and their monthly family income was found to be Rs. 10,000
to Rs. 20,000 (57.3%,69.6%) among the experimental groups I and II respectively.
The experimental groups I and II were found to be homogenous with regard to the
distribution of demographic variables.
119
II. The distribution of clinical variables were found to be homogenous in experimental
groups I and II.
120
before and after (Mean difference 8.18, P<0.001) and during and after (Mean
difference =4.53, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were significant.
In experimental group I the psychological symptoms before the intervention
was (M=20.85,SD1.19), during (M=16.41,SD=1.77), which was reduced after the
intervention (M=11.28,SD=2.75). The findings were further analyzed with
RMANOVA and it can be noted that the reduction of PMS after the intervention was
statistically significant (F = 3055.581, P<0.001). It was also evidenced in Post hoc
analysis that the mean differences in PMS before and during (Mean difference=4.43,
P<0.001), before and after (Mean difference=9.56, P<0.001) and during and
after(Mean difference =5.13, P<0.001) the intervention of relaxation technique were
significant.
123
After the intervention there was no significant difference in the perception of
behavioural symptoms of PMS (M=3.70, SD=1.11, M=3.78, SD=.85) between the
both experimental groups I and II respectively (t=.53). The findings can be attributed
that both the interventions namely relaxation techniques to experimental group I and
aerobic exercises to experimental group II were found to be equally effective in
reducing the behavioural symptoms of PMS.
124
Overall Quality of life of the college students before and after the intervention in
the experimental group I and II
The overall quality of life of experimental group I the college students was
found to be statistically (t=43.49) significantly different between before (M 68.61=,
SD=52.8) and after (M=85.92, SD=3.97) the intervention. The same finding was
noted with regards to various dimensions of quality of life such as physical (M=63.4
SD=3.03,M=25.91SD=2.47,t=12.34)psychological(M=18.09,SD=1.59,M=72.1SD=1.
44,t=16.19)socialrelationship(M=5.71SD=0.79,M=7.69,SD=0.72,t=17.17)and
environment(M=17.0,S.D=1.35,t=29.30) respectively before and after the intervention
of relaxation technique to experimental group 1 college students.
The Mean and Standard deviation of overall quality of life before and after the
intervention in the experimental group II(M=70.27,SD=3.55,M=88.78,SD=4.53,) was
found to be statistically significant at (t=43.23).It was also evidenced that the various
dimensions of quality of life before and after the intervention as follows.
Physical(M=21.39SD=2.74,M=27.73SD=2.69,t=21.84),Psychological (M=17.76
SD=1.65,M=74.2SD=1.79,t=20.56),Socialrelationship(M=6.28SD=0.45,M=7.68,SD=
0.78 ,t=14.16),Environment(M=18.59,SD=1.35,M=23.99,SD=2.82,t=21.23).
125
increase in weight (r=.219, P=.039), BMI (r=.242,P=.022)and waist hip
ratio(r=.233,P=.028) also increases the PMS.
Conclusion
Overall Pre Menstrual symptoms were reduced after doing both the
intervention Relaxation techniques and Aerobic exercises for the duration of three
months. Comparatively Aerobic exercises were more effective than Relaxation
Technique.
Quality of Life has improved after the intervention in both the groups.
Demographic variables such as the age, intake of fast food, intake of fruits and green
leafy vegetables were associated with the pre menstrual symptoms.
Selected clinical variables such as the age,weight,body mass index and waist
hip ratio were correlated in both the experimental group I and II.Thus the results
projected that interventions was effective in the reduction of premenstrual symptoms.
126
Implications
Nursing practice
The premenstrual symptoms were focused on physical, psychological,
behavioural, pain symptoms. These symptoms become troublesome problem among
the adolescents and hence they were explored in all the aspects. The present study
focusing on use of relaxation technique and Aerobics exercises was helpful in
reduction of severity of premenstrual symptoms. The study findings have opened
several implications for nursing practice amongyouths.Awareness regarding the
symptoms and early identification of the symptoms needs to be created among
College students so as to enable them to enter into premenstrual dysphoricdisorder.
The nurses will be able to render comprehensive care in all the service areas. A
systematic and continuous assessment of premenstrual symptoms will help the nurses
to know the severity of their symptoms. Each will have their own perception to handle
the situations. Nurses can help them to identify it and offer best remedial measures.
Relaxation,aerobics can be taught to reduce the severity.
Independent practice
Nurses can undergo training on alternative and complementary therapies and
implement various strategies to reduce the severity of symptoms in all the dimensions
such as physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, behavioural symptoms and pain
symptoms. Nurses can be the trainer of the trainees and teach the peer group and other
team members to be an expert in rendering the Relaxation technique and Aerobics
exercises.
Nursing education
The current curriculum in nursing education places much emphasis on
obstetrical care of patients. The curriculum content needs to be revised with regard to
identifying the prevalence of premenstrual symptoms, which is an emerging trend in
our country.
127
Students must be taught to explore the symptoms and pick out the specific
dimensions and the strategies to prevent them from entering into the premenstrual
dysphoric disorder.
Nursing Administration
Nursing personnel are prepared to identify the premenstrual symptoms and the
related non pharmacological interventions can be administered based on the
dimensions affected.Therefore in the hostel campus where the nurses and nursing
students wereresiding need a separate hall or provisions to be provided to practice
their relaxation technique. A separate hall with absolute calm and silent environment
without any other interruptions in between the therapy should be made available.
Nurse administrator can concentrate on the hostel premises and even in the
hospital premises a small room can be provided to the nurses. During changes of
shifts as a team they can practice it if they are well determined to do the Relaxation
technique and Aerobic exercises.
Nursing Research
Nursing research with regard to the care of premenstrual symptoms is not well
developed. The impact of the serum hormonal level in the luteal phase can be
explored.
Research can be done to assess the oxygen saturation during the Aerobic
Exercises. Cardiac output,blood gas analysis also provide evidence based work
out,which helps to improve the maximum intensity.Stress plays a major role in the
severity of premenstrual symptoms. Regular practice of relaxation technique will
boost the immune system and relax the body and mind. It is evidence that Relaxation
technique even helps to boost the immunity in cancer patients too.
Recommendations
The same study can be done on a larger population to generalize the findings.
The study can be replicated in other settings.
The study can be done with the age group of above 30 years.
The impact of Aerobic Exercises can be measured in terms of serum hormonal
levels and saturation of oxygenation.
128
The impact of Relaxation technique can be analyzed on each domains.
A Comparative study can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various
non pharmacological interventions on premenstrual symptoms.
Correlational study can be done longitudinally to evaluate the impact of junk
foods on premenstrual symptoms.
129
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aganoff JA, Boyle GJ (1994) Aerobic exercise, mood states and menstrual cycle
symptoms. Journal of Psychosomatic Research Vol 38(3): 183-192
Bere and Novak’s (2009) Gynecology (14th edition) New Delhi: Lippincott Williams
and Wilkins 513 – 520.
Bhatia S.C and Bhatia S.K(2002) Diagnosis and treatment of premenstrual dysphoric
disorder.American family physician 66:1239-48.
130
Cenac A, Maikibi DK, Develoux.M, (1987) Premenstrual syndrome in Sahelian
Africa A comparative study of 400 literate and illiterate women in Niger.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical medicine and
hygiene.1987:81(4).544-7.
Charles platkin (2012)Foods that impact Premenstrual syndrome and why Nutrition
and Health. Retrieved from google.
Chaturvedi HK, Mahanta J (2004) Sociocultural diversity and substance use in pattern
in Arunachal Pradesh. Drug Alcohol Depend:74:97-104.
Corney R H and R Stanton (1991) A survey of 658 women who reported symptoms of
premenstrual syndrome Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1991:Vol (35):
471-482.
131
Denise F. Polit (2004) Nursing research principles (7th edition) New Delhi,
Lipponcott.230-240.
Denise F. Polit and Cheryl Tatano Back (2004). Nursing research principles and
methods. (7th edition). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 114,
162, 319, 451.
Desalegn Tegabu Zegeye, Berihun Megabiaw, Abay Mulu (2009). Age at menarche
and menstrual pattern of secondary school adolescents in northwest
Ethiopia.BMC womens Health:9-29
Deuster PA. Adera T and South-Paul J (1999) Biological, social, and behavioral
factors associated with premenstrual syndrome. Arch Fam Med. 8(2):122-128.
Dubat K,Punia S ,Goyal R(2007) A study of life stress and coping styles among
adolescent girls J.Soc Sci (14):191-4.
132
Elizebeth Shimer, M and Marie elina suszynski (2001) Natural hormone solutions,
prevention health books for women. Tom Ward (USA): Rodale publication. 90
– 95.
Fatemah kimiyare Asadi,I. Ahmad Ali Jadidias,Z, Jalil Aslani (2016 October) The
effect of relaxation and positive self talk on symptoms of premenstrual
syndrome. Avicenna journal of Neuro psycho physiology. Vol 3:
Fikru Wakjira Tolossa and Mebratic logesse (2014) Prevalence,impacts and medical
management of premenstrual syndrome among female students. Mekelle
University.BMC womens health:14-52.
133
Gannon L (1988)The potential role of exercise in the alleviation of menstrual
Disorders and menopausal symptoms: a theoretical synthesis of recent
research. Womens Health. Vol 14(2):105-127.
Geethaarya and sunithamisra (2013) Effect of junk food and beverages on Adolescent
health.A review article . IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science.1(6):26-
32 .
Girish N, Kavita R, Gururaj G,Benegal V(2010) Alcohol use and implications for
public health patterns of use in four communities. Indian journal of community
medicine.35:238-44.
Grogan S(2010) Promoting positive body image in males and females. contemporary
issues and future directions. Sex Roles. 63(9–10):757–765.
Howkins and Bourne (2009) Shaw’s Text Book of Gynecology (14th edition). New
Delhi: Elsevier: 265 – 267.
134
http://dailyburn.com/life/lifestyle/PMS.
https://consumer.healthyday.com.
Hungler P (2004) Nursing research (7th edition) New Delhi, Lipponcott. 37-52.
Iman Bakr, Hanan & Ez-Elarab (2010 Apr) Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome.
The Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, Vol. 28: No. 2.
Isik,H and Ergol,S (2016 April) Premenstrual syndrome and life quality in Turkish
health science students. Turkish journal of Medical science. Vol: 46(3). 695-
701.
Patnaik (2011) India has largest adolescent population in the world. Retrieved from
www.hindustan times.com
Jill mantle,Jeanette Haslam and Sue Barton (2005) Physiotherapy in Obstetrics and
gynecology. New Delhi: Elsevier. 289.
135
Joint Family system in India. retrieved from www.your articlelibrary.com. Standard
of living in India, wikepedia.
Kader P (2006) Nursing research principles, process and issues. (2nd edtion). New
York, palgrave Macmillan.213-214.
Kalpanasharma (May 19,2016)Why are girls hitting early puberty. Times of India.
136
Kurshan N, Epperson CN (2006) Oral contraceptives and mood in women with and
without premenstrual dysphoria a theoretical model. Arch Womens Mental
Health .Vol (9):1-14.
Lustyk M.k, WidmanL, Pschan A, Ecker E (2014) Stress quality of life and physical
activity in women with varying degrees of premenstrual symptomatology.
Womens Health. 39(3):35-44.
Mahin, D. Fazlollah, G and Parviz, A (2012 January) Health related quality of life
among adolescent with premenstrual disorder. Retrieved from: Pubmed.
Marcelle Pick (2011) Deep breathing the truly essential exercise. Obstetric and
gynecology Nursing Practice. Vol.10(1).
Masho SW, AderaT, South-Parel.J (2005) Obesity as a risk factor for premenstrual
syndrome.J.Psychosom obstet gynaecolo.26(1):33-9.retrieved from pubmed.
137
McHichi alami Kh,Tahiri SM,Moussaoui D,KadriN(2002)Assessment of
premenstrual dysphoric disorder symptoms:population of women in
Casablanca.Encephale nov-Dec:28(525-30).
Mehta Bharati (2016 September) Comparing the effect of yoga and oral calcium
administration in alleviating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in medical
undergraduates Journal of Caring science. Vol 5(3): 179-185.
Myint TH, Edessa OG, Sawhsarkapaw (2006) Premenstrual syndrome among female
university students in Thailand. Australian Journal of Treatment Vol (9):158-
62.
Nikkie, L. Potts Barbara, L and Mandleco (2007) Pediatric Nursing caring for
children and their families. ( 2nd edition). Haryana: Sanat publications.
NourMohammedBakshani,MahnazNourooziMousavi,GolbaharKhodabandeh(2009)
138
Prevalence and severity of Premenstrual symptoms among Iranian female university
students. JPMA 59:205.
Padubidri, V.G and Ela Anand (2005) Gynecology. New Delhi: Elsevier. 191 – 192.
Purushottam Pramanik & Arunima Dhar (2014) Impact of fast foods on menstrual
health of school going adolescent girls in west Bengal, eastern India ,Global
journal of biology, agriculture and health sciences.3(1).61-66.
139
Rapkin (2003) A review of treatment of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual
dystrophic disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology.28Suppl3:39-53.
Samia Tabassum Bilgis Afridi, Zahid Aman, Rizuvana Durrani (2005) premenstrual
syndrome: Frequency and severity in young college girls.JPMA.55:546.
140
Schultz-Zehden B, Boschitsch E (2006) User experience with an oral contraceptive
containing ethinylestradiol 30mug and drospirenone 3mg (YASMIN®) in
clinical practice. Treatment Endocrinology Vol (5): 251-6.
Shirish, S and Sheth. (2011) Essential of Gynecology. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers
medical publishers. 58, 68
Singh sunitha and Gopal krishna gururaj (Aug 2014) Health behaviours and problems
among young people in India. causes for concern and call for action. Indian
journal of med Res.140,185-208.
Smith MJ, Adams LF, Schmidt PJ, et al (2003) Abnormal luteal phase excitability of
the motor cortex in women with premenstrual syndrome. Biology Psychiatry.
Vol 54: 757-62.
141
Sonal Sureshbhai Gamit, Mohua Moitra, Mamta Rani Verma (2014) Prevalence of
obesity and overweight in school going adolescents of surat city, Gujarat,
India. www.ejmanager.com.
Subasagar Trivedi (2012) Health concerns amongst Adolescent girls , JIMSA 25(2).
Sunder Rao, P.S and Richard, J (2008) Introduction to Biostatics and research
methods. (4th edition). New Delhi: Prentice – Hull of India publications. 237 –
249.
Suresh, K and Sharma (2011) Nursing Research and Statistics. New Delhi: Elsevier
publication. 70, 81, 93, 176, 180.
Suying and Tsai (2016 July) Effect of Yoga exercise on premenstrual symptoms
among female employees in Taiwan. International journal of Environmental
research and Public health. Vol: 13(7). 721.
Su-Ying Tsai (2016) Effect of yoga Exercise on pms among female employees in
Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health.13(7).721.
142
The American college of Obstetrics and gynecologists (2015) FAQ Premenstrual
syndrome. retrieved from www.acog.org.
Voelker,D.K. Justine J Reel, christy Greenleaf (2015) weight status and body image
perceptions in adolescents. current perspectives. Adolescent health
Therapeutics.149-158.
WHO. United nations department of economic and social affairs, population division
world population prospects.2010 revision.vol.no.1 comprehensive tables.
Retrieved from www.gfmer.ch/.... ./adolescent health.
143
Wittchen HU, Becker E, Lieb R, et al (2002) Prevalence, incidence and stability of
premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community. Psychology Medicine . Vol
(32): 119-32.
Woods M, Schaefer EJ, Morrill A, Goldin BR, Longcope C, Dwyer JD, Gorbach S
L(1987) Effect of menstrual cycle phase on plasma lipids. Journal of
Endocrinol Metabalism. 65(2):321-3.
World Youth Report 2003: The Global Situation of Young People. New York:
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations; 2004. p. 429.
Available from: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/ , accessed on January 9, 2013.
www.indianonlinepages.com/population/India-current -population.html.
Wyatt KM, Dimmock PW, Ismail KM, et al (2004) The effectiveness of GnRH with
and without ‘add-back’ therapy in treating premenstrual syndrome: a meta
analysis. Bristish Journal Obatetrics and Gynecology Vol (111): 585-93.
Yekke, FL. Azimi, H and Sadaghi, T (2013 August) The effect of aerobic and walking
exercise on physical and psychological symptom and pain of premenstrual
syndrome. Indian journal of Nursing. Vol 25(80):46-55.
Young people: health risks and solutions. Fact sheet no. 345. WHO.2011.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs345/en/index.html, accessed on
June 8, 2013
144
Zahra,B and Elham,R (2013 July) The effect of Valerian root extract on the severity of
premenstrual syndrome symptoms.Journal of Tradit complementary medicine.
Vol:6(3). 309-315.
Zegeye DT, Megabiaw B, Mulu A (2009) Age at menarche and the menstrual pattern
of secondary school adolescents in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Womens H
ealth.5,9:29.
Ziba Taghizadeh & Maryam Shirmohammadi (2008, Nov) The Effect of Premenstrual
Syndrome on Quality of Life in Adolescent Girls. Iranian Journal Psychiatry,
21-24.
Zinat ghanbari, M.D, Farideh Dehghan Manshavi M.D, Mina Jafarabadi, M.D(2008)
The effects of three months regular Aerobic exercise on premenstrual
syndrome. Tehran university of medical sciences. Journal of family and
reproductive health.2(4): 167-171.
145
ANNEXURE - 1
LETTER PERMITTING TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
ANNEXURE – 2
ANNEXURE – 2
ANNEXURE - 2
CERTIFICATE
From
Mrs.Annapoorani.B,
PhD.Scholar,
Apollo College of Nursing,
Chennai - 600095.
To
Respected Madam,
I will be highly privileged to have your valuable suggestions with regard to the
establishment of content validity of research tool. So I request you to validate my
research tool and give suggestions about the tool.
Thanking you,
Date: Yours sincerely,
Place:
B.ANNAPOORANI
ANNEXURE - 6
CONTENT VALIDITY INDEX
Demographic variable anthropometry Menstrual History Dietary variable
Name & designation of 4
S. No the experts/validators 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 PMS QOL LOSI LOSII
Dr.Latha Venkatesan,
1 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Principal, Apollo CON
Dr.Suseela, P rincipal,
2 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A A
Bilroth Con
Dr.Esther john,
3 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A A A NM
Principal, Ganga Con
Dr.LathaPrasanna,
4 M.D.DGO SSS A A A A A A NM A A A A A A A A A A A A A A NM A A A A
hospital.coimbatore
Dr.Sampath,
5 Biostatistics, govt arts A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
college, coimbatore.
Dr.P.T.Saleendaran,
6 A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Clinical psychologist.
Dr.Sampathkumar,
7 Bharadhidasan A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
university, Trichy
Dr.Selvaraj, HOD,
8 Psychology, Govt arts A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
college, coimbatore.
Mrs.Divya,
9 Physiotherapistcum A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A
Aerobic Exercise trainer.
Number of Agree 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 9 10 9 9 10 10 10 9
Number of Disagree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
number of needs modification 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1
Percentage % 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 90 100 90 100 90 90 100 100 100 90
ANNEXURE - 7
RESEARCH PARTICIPANT CONSENT FORM
The details of the study have explained to me. I understand that all personal
information about me will be maintained confidentiality. I agree to be the subject of
the study.
Date :
ANNEXURE - 8
CERTIFICATE FOR RELAXATION TECHNIQUE
ANNEXURE - 9
CERTIFICATE FOR AEROBIC EXERCISES
ANNEXURE- 10
CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH EDITING
ANNEXURE- 10
CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH EDITING
ANNEXURE - 11
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE PROFORMA,
CLINICAL VARIABLE PROFORMA AND
DIETARY VARIABLE PROFORMA
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Name :
2. Age :
3. Address :
4. Type of family.
4.1.1 Joint
4.1.2 Nuclear
4.1.3 Extended
4.1.4 Broken
5. Size of the family.
5.1.1 2-3 members
5.1.2 4-5 member
5.1.3 >5 members
6. Educational status.
6.1.1 UG
6.1.2 PG
9. Occupation of father
9.1. Government
9.2. Private
9.3. Business
9.4. Unemployed
ANTHROPOMETRIC ASSESSMENT:
1. Height :
2. Weight :
3. Waist hip ratio :
4. BMI :
MENSTRUAL HISTORY:
1.Age at menarche :
1.1. 10-12yrs.
1.2. 13-15yrs.
1.3. 16-18yrs.
5.Intake of fruits
5.1.<100g
5.2. 100-200g
5.3. no per day
Total No Percentage
S.No Item grouping Item No
of items (%)
1. Physical changes 7,8,9,10,14,19 6 31.5
2. Emotional and cognitive 1,2,3,4,5,11, 6 31.5
symptoms
3. Behavioural symptoms 6,12 2 10.5
Total No Percenta
DOMAINS ITEM
of items ge (%)
TOTAL 26 100
ANNEXURE - 15
WHOQOL BREF TOOL
Instructions:
The following questions ask how you feel about your quality of life, health, or
other areas of your life. I will read out each question to you, along with the response
options. Please choose the answer that appears most appropriate. If you are unsure
about which response to give to a question, the first response you think of is often the
best one.
Please keep in mind your standards, hopes, pleasures and concerns. We ask that
you think about your life in the last four weeks.
Neither
Very Dissatisfied Satisfied Satisfied Very
nor satisfied
dissatisfied dissatisfied
2 How satisfied
are you with
your health?
The following questions ask about how much you have experienced certain things in
the last four weeks.
A An
Not at A Very
moderate extreme
all little much
amount amount
The following questions ask about how completely you experience or were able to do
certain things in the last four weeks.
Not A Moderately Mostly Completely
at little
all
The following question refers to how often you have felt or experienced certain things
in the last four weeks.
Never Seldom Quite Very Always
often often
Purpose
This rating scale is used to measure the level of satisfaction of the college
students on the performance of relaxation technique.
Instruction
There are fourteen items given below, responses extent from highly satisfied
to dissatisfied. Highly satisfied is given a score of 4, satisfied is given a score of 3,
dissatisfied is given a score of 2 and highly dissatisfied is given a score of 1. Describe
your satisfaction regarding the performance of relaxation technique. Please be frank in
answering the following questions. Your answers will be kept confidential.
Highly Highly
S.No Items Satisfied Dissatisfied
satisfied satisfied
Researcher
1. Explanation of Deep breathing
technique and head to foot
relaxation technique.
2. Approach of the researcher
3. Time spent by the researcher
4. Clarification by the researcher
Administration of Deep
breathing technique and Head
to foot relaxation technique.
5. Duration of administration
6. Frequency of administration
7. Easy to follow.
8. Feasible to practice.
Performance of the
Relaxation technique.
9. Easy to follow.
10. Easy to practice.
11. Cost effectiveness.
Effectiveness of Deep
breathing technique and Head
to foot relaxation technique
12. Benefit – reduction in
premenstrual symptoms.
13. Continuity – easy to follow
14. Comfortness after the relaxation
technique.
Score
Highly satisfied - 4
Satisfied - 3
Dissatisfied - 2
Highly dissatisfied - 1
ANNEXURE - 17
LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF THE COLLEGE STUDENTS
IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP - II
Purpose
This rating scale is used to measure the level of satisfaction of the college
students on the administration of Aerobic exercises.
Purpose
This rating scale is used to measure the level of satisfaction of the college
students on the administration of Aerobic exercises.
Instruction
There are fourteen items given below, responses extent from highly satisfied
to dissatisfied. Highly satisfied is given a score of 4, satisfied is given a score of 3,
dissatisfied is given a score of 2 and highly dissatisfied is given a score of 1. Describe
your satisfaction regarding the Aerobic dance. Please be frank in answering the
following questions. Your answers will be kept confidential.
Highly Highly
S.No Items Satisfied Dissatisfied
satisfied satisfied
Researcher
1. Explanation of steps of Aerobic
exercises.
2. Approach of the researcher
3. Time spent by the researcher
4. Clarification by the researcher
Administration of
Aerobicexercises.
5. Duration of Aerobic exercises.
6. Frequency of the rhythm in
Aerobic exercises.
7. Choreography of the aerobic
exercises.
8. Sequence of the steps.
9. Performance of the
Aerobicexercises.
Easy to follow the steps.
10. It can be practised indoorly.
12. Effectivenessof
Aerobicexercises.
Benefit - Reduction in the
Premenstrual Symptoms after
doing this Aerobic exercises.
13. Continuity – easy to follow
14. Comfortness after performing
Aerobic exercises.
Score
Highly satisfied - 4
Satisfied - 3
Dissatisfied - 2
Highly dissatisfied - 1
ANNEXURE-18
INTERVENTION PROTOCOL .
18 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 150 150 41 40 29 28 18.22222222 1 1 0 0 2 2 4 2 1 2.40 2.25 1.00 2.25 2.00 2.25 2.70 3.40 3.30 3.50 3.00 2.75 2.30 3.50 3.60 3.20 3.21 2.89 3.00 18.86 21.59 5.80 15.90 62.15 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 62.72 27.75 1.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 4 2 162 162 58 56 35 31 22.10028959 1 2 0 0 3 2 4 2 1 2.30 2.40 1.00 2.40 2.20 2.50 3.40 3.00 2.80 3.25 2.75 3.25 3.60 2.98 4.00 2.80 3.80 2.70 3.40 18.17 21.40 6.58 16.70 62.85 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.91 24.40 2.00 1.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 2 1 150 150 50 48 32 30 22.22222222 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 3 2 2.35 2.00 1.00 2.45 2.25 2.05 3.25 3.00 3.25 2.75 3.50 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.20 2.80 2.60 3.80 2.10 18.91 21.90 7.20 14.50 62.51 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.63 26.60 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 1 148 148 49 48 33 32 22.37034332 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 2 1 2.00 2.30 1.00 2.10 2.35 2.45 3.40 3.20 2.90 3.20 3.00 2.80 2.00 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 19.20 21.87 5.60 18.30 64.97 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.57 32.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 2 5 1 4 3 2 2 1 158 158 53 50 30 27 21.23057202 2 1 0 0 3 3 5 2 1 3.00 3.20 1.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.20 3.20 2.80 3.45 3.00 3.12 1.80 2.80 3.70 3.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 18.20 19.83 4.60 16.90 59.53 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.53 30.45 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 2 1 154 154 52 50 27 26 21.92612582 2 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 1 3.20 3.00 1.00 2.60 3.50 3.50 2.90 3.20 2.90 3.20 3.40 3.25 3.30 3.80 3.60 3.00 3.80 2.60 3.70 17.28 20.40 7.10 16.70 61.48 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.09 27.60 1.00 1.00 2.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 1 151 151 48 47 28 27 21.05170826 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 3.40 3.00 1.00 3.80 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.25 2.90 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.80 18.59 20.70 7.40 18.10 64.79 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.79 26.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 156 156 53 52 26 26 21.77843524 2 2 0 0 2 3 4 4 1 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.50 3.80 2.75 3.60 3.20 2.50 2.80 2.50 2.80 2.60 2.59 3.60 3.87 4.00 3.99 2.60 18.42 20.47 5.19 18.06 62.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.09 26.75 1.00 1.00 2.00
21 1 2 5 1 3 3 1 1 1 152 152 44 43 28 27 19.04432133 2 4 1 3 2 3 4 3 2 2.75 3.50 1.00 3.50 3.25 3.50 3.30 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.00 2.90 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.80 3.50 3.00 3.20 18.59 21.40 7.60 16.90 64.49 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.50 28.50 2.00 1.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 2 2 153 153 45 44 28 26 19.22337562 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 2 1 3.50 3.50 1.00 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 3.20 3.30 2.95 3.10 3.45 3.20 4.00 3.60 3.40 3.80 2.80 3.00 20.00 22.49 7.20 16.60 66.29 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.40 29.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 4 1 154 154 48 48 29 29 20.23950076 2 4 1 1 2 3 4 2 2 3.50 3.00 1.00 3.50 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.80 3.97 4.00 3.89 2.80 19.00 20.30 6.60 18.46 64.36 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.72 29.05 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 3 161 161 58 56 31 30 22.37567995 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 3 2 3.40 3.80 1.00 3.50 3.50 3.75 3.80 3.60 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 2.50 3.89 3.00 19.06 22.50 7.60 16.99 66.15 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.71 32.38 2.00 1.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 3 4 1 149 149 40 40 26 25 18.01720643 2 2 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 3.60 3.75 1.00 3.60 3.75 3.50 3.56 4.00 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.20 3.30 3.10 3.30 3.16 19.60 21.16 5.20 16.06 62.02 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 63.79 29.31 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 3 153 153 51 51 28 26 21.78649237 1 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.70 3.75 1.00 2.80 3.25 3.40 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.00 3.40 3.20 3.80 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 18.10 21.27 7.00 18.00 64.37 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.52 33.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 155 155 47 48 33 31 19.56295525 1 3 1 4 3 3 4 3 2 3.75 3.00 1.00 3.67 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.60 3.87 3.20 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.00 3.80 4.00 3.90 19.07 22.27 6.60 18.30 66.24 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.41 35.00 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 1 2 3 4 2 157 157 58 53 35 32 23.53036634 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.87 4.00 1.00 3.50 3.80 3.90 3.60 3.18 3.60 3.70 3.20 3.72 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.90 3.80 4.00 20.07 21.00 7.40 19.30 67.77 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.68 34.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 1 1 3 1 4 4 1 4 2 163 163 57 56 33 31 21.45357371 1 1 0 0 3 2 4 4 1 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.80 3.67 3.42 3.80 2.40 2.70 2.80 3.60 3.30 3.60 3.00 20.20 21.69 5.10 16.30 63.29 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.98 36.48 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 2 1 152 152 58 57 34 33 25.10387812 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.50 3.80 2.60 3.90 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.89 3.80 19.80 22.50 6.50 18.99 67.79 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 67.15 36.50 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 1 2 2 151 151 54 53 27 26 23.68317179 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.40 3.20 1.00 3.00 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.00 3.60 3.89 3.00 3.60 3.40 4.00 3.60 2.89 2.50 3.80 4.00 17.80 20.49 7.40 16.79 62.48 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.48 35.50 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 3 2 147 147 49 48 29 29 22.67573696 1 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.97 3.88 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.30 4.00 3.30 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.20 2.90 4.00 3.20 2.80 19.85 21.20 7.80 16.10 64.95 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.03 33.60 2.00 1.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 154 154 52 52 29 29 21.92612582 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 2 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 2.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.90 3.00 3.60 2.50 2.70 2.00 2.80 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.80 18.20 21.00 4.70 15.60 59.50 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.30 33.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 2 5 1 2 1 3 3 2 153 153 48 46 26 25 20.50493400 1 2 1 5 2 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 2.60 4.00 3.98 3.60 3.00 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.80 3.80 2.10 3.70 3.80 4.00 3.80 4.00 18.98 21.90 5.90 19.30 66.08 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.09 38.05 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 2 5 1 1 1 3 4 3 154 154 56 56 33 32 23.61275089 2 3 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.89 3.20 1.00 3.20 3.80 3.50 3.50 2.80 3.80 3.90 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.70 3.00 3.60 3.90 3.70 3.80 18.70 21.70 6.90 18.00 65.30 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.50 33.13 1.00 1.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 1 149 149 46 45 27 26 20.71978740 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3.89 3.60 1.00 3.60 3.60 3.70 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.70 2.70 3.40 3.60 3.40 2.80 3.60 4.00 19.39 22.30 6.10 17.40 65.19 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.40 30.13 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 3 2 154 154 55 55 35 35 23.19109462 2 4 0 0 2 3 3 3 3 3.40 3.80 1.00 3.40 3.40 4.00 4.00 2.90 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.24 2.80 19.00 20.20 7.60 17.64 64.44 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.44 26.75 2.00 1.00 2.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 1 2 1 159 159 56 53 36 34 22.15102251 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.70 3.20 1.00 4.00 3.30 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 3.70 3.10 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.20 3.50 3.20 3.30 3.80 18.80 21.40 6.60 17.00 63.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.80 32.25 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 153 153 48 49 26 26 20.50493400 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.40 4.00 2.90 3.60 3.80 3.30 4.00 3.80 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 4.00 18.60 21.00 7.80 18.00 65.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.40 29.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 151 151 43 43 25 25 18.85882198 2 2 1 4 3 3 4 3 2 3.45 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.40 3.40 3.88 2.60 3.60 3.60 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.70 3.20 3.80 18.65 20.48 7.00 18.70 64.83 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.43 26.00 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 1 157 157 48 47 28 27 19.47340663 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.60 3.80 1.00 3.80 3.50 3.40 3.20 3.78 3.40 4.00 3.80 2.70 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.30 4.00 4.00 19.10 20.88 7.60 18.10 65.68 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.79 34.40 2.00 1.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 153 153 54 53 34 32 23.06805075 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.20 3.00 3.00 3.70 3.35 3.50 3.00 4.00 2.60 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.50 3.40 3.80 3.50 17.80 20.15 5.70 18.20 61.85 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.85 35.40 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 2 1 152 152 52 52 29 29 22.50692521 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.88 3.65 1.00 2.85 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.90 3.20 4.00 19.38 22.60 7.60 17.70 67.28 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.34 38.50 2.00 2.00 3.00
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d17 d19 d20 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 rphy rpsy rbeh rpain totalsymr rs1 rs2 rs3 rs4 rt group weight bmi bp ap rbpm rapm VAR00001
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 1 156 156 50 48 27 26 20.54569362 2 3 1 4 3 3 4 3 3 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.90 3.60 3.40 3.50 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.20 4.00 3.30 2.80 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 17.90 22.10 6.10 16.80 62.90 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.90 34.85 1.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 4 1 162 162 52 50 31 30 19.81405274 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.78 3.40 1.00 3.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.70 4.00 3.80 3.30 3.59 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.40 18.58 23.10 6.89 16.80 65.37 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.69 33.20 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 146 146 48 47 28 28 22.51829612 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 3.09 3.80 1.00 3.40 3.60 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.20 3.80 3.70 3.50 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.70 3.79 2.80 18.29 21.70 7.50 17.89 65.38 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 65.14 39.29 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 4 3 142 142 52 51 31 31 25.78853402 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 3.72 3.60 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.60 3.40 3.30 2.40 2.90 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.00 2.60 19.52 21.50 5.30 16.30 62.62 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 62.76 37.25 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 1 154 154 60 58 36 32 25.29937595 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.50 1.00 2.60 3.60 3.00 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.78 3.60 3.94 2.60 2.91 3.20 4.00 3.80 2.60 3.80 17.30 22.52 5.51 17.40 62.73 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 62.82 32.80 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 156 156 53 52 29 28 21.77843524 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.50 3.52 3.60 3.40 3.90 3.30 2.80 3.80 3.40 3.80 4.60 2.80 3.20 19.00 21.22 6.60 17.80 64.62 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.62 38.80 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 152 152 51 50 28 27 22.07409972 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.40 1.00 2.90 3.96 3.98 3.50 3.00 3.40 3.20 2.60 3.40 2.66 2.80 3.20 3.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 19.04 19.10 5.46 17.00 60.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.49 36.85 1.00 2.00 3.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 155 155 57 56 30 30 23.72528616 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.91 3.67 3.40 3.21 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.90 3.80 2.30 2.80 3.78 3.80 3.99 3.00 19.38 20.51 6.10 17.37 63.36 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 62.71 35.75 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 1 152 152 50 48 29 28 21.64127424 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.90 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.54 3.40 2.90 3.00 2.60 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.60 3.65 2.80 3.80 3.40 19.90 19.24 7.50 16.25 62.89 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.89 31.73 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 1 1 156 156 49 49 28 28 20.13477975 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.00 3.89 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.90 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.00 3.57 3.60 18.89 22.90 7.40 17.57 66.76 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.33 32.75 2.00 1.00 3.00
18 2 2 5 1 4 4 1 3 4 158 158 53 52 30 30 21.23057202 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 3 3.90 2.95 1.00 4.00 4.00 3.79 3.36 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.87 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.90 3.80 19.64 20.03 7.20 18.20 65.07 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.07 34.95 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 4 1 1 1 149 149 55 53 30 29 24.77365884 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 4.00 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.00 3.20 3.70 3.67 2.50 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.00 3.60 3.60 2.80 20.20 20.07 6.80 16.20 63.27 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.27 35.35 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 1 150 150 48 46 28 28 21.33333333 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 3.60 3.30 3.48 3.70 3.00 3.50 3.60 3.20 3.90 3.60 4.00 3.50 3.85 3.20 18.60 20.58 7.10 18.15 64.43 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.91 36.63 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 2 4 1 147 147 44 44 27 27 20.36188625 1 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.80 3.80 1.00 3.50 4.00 3.70 3.80 3.40 3.60 4.00 3.21 3.80 3.40 2.90 2.80 3.60 2.80 3.70 3.10 19.80 21.81 6.30 16.00 63.91 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.91 36.15 2.00 2.00 2.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 164 164 59 57 31 30 21.93634741 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 3.70 3.60 1.00 3.25 2.80 4.00 3.00 3.57 2.50 3.60 3.80 3.90 2.80 2.60 2.60 3.50 2.90 3.96 2.60 18.35 20.37 5.40 15.56 59.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.10 42.20 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 154 154 53 52 30 30 22.34778209 2 2 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 2.95 3.80 3.80 3.50 3.56 2.80 3.70 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.40 2.80 19.35 21.36 6.30 17.80 64.81 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.81 35.38 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 5 5 2 4 2 153 153 50 49 29 29 21.35930625 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.65 3.00 3.67 3.80 2.70 4.00 4.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.90 20.40 20.42 8.80 18.30 67.92 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 67.92 35.75 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 154 154 52 51 30 29 21.92612582 2 3 1 1 3 3 4 4 2 4.00 3.80 1.00 3.75 4.00 4.00 3.55 3.60 3.20 3.40 3.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 2.40 3.80 20.55 19.55 7.60 17.80 65.50 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.50 37.13 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 150 150 48 46 27 27 21.33333333 2 4 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.40 3.10 3.70 3.60 3.00 3.90 2.60 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.60 19.60 20.70 5.40 19.20 64.90 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.90 35.60 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 152 152 46 47 28 28 19.90997230 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 4.00 3.00 3.40 3.60 3.64 4.00 3.80 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 3.80 2.50 19.20 22.24 7.20 17.70 66.34 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.34 42.13 2.00 2.00 3.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 153 153 52 50 31 31 22.21367850 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.35 1.00 2.90 4.00 3.70 3.20 3.52 3.60 3.67 3.20 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.50 3.80 3.80 3.80 2.40 18.85 19.99 6.00 16.30 61.14 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.14 32.98 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 158 158 65 62 35 34 26.03749399 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 3 3 4.00 3.40 1.00 2.80 3.80 3.56 3.25 3.20 3.50 3.80 3.70 2.60 2.00 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.60 3.70 1.00 18.56 20.05 4.80 14.30 57.71 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 57.71 39.30 1.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 53 51 32 31 20.96436059 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.60 3.40 4.00 3.40 3.68 3.60 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.90 3.80 2.80 4.00 19.00 21.88 6.00 17.10 63.98 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.98 38.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
21 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 1 152 152 56 55 32 32 24.23822715 2 3 1 2 2 2 4 3 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.80 3.00 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.50 4.00 19.00 20.50 6.90 19.10 65.50 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.50 43.20 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 2 1 152 152 52 50 31 31 22.50692521 2 4 1 3 2 2 3 4 3 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 19.10 22.20 7.60 18.60 67.50 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 67.50 38.80 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 3 1 153 153 49 47 28 28 20.93212012 2 3 0 0 2 2 3 4 2 3.80 3.60 1.00 3.00 4.60 4.00 3.60 4.00 3.70 3.60 3.20 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 20.00 21.70 7.40 17.60 66.70 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.70 41.60 2.00 2.00 2.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 3 1 158 158 52 51 30 29 20.82999519 2 3 1 5 3 3 4 3 1 3.80 3.80 1.00 3.40 4.80 3.60 3.48 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.00 2.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.80 3.80 20.40 20.08 6.80 18.00 65.28 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.28 34.50 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 4 1 1 4 142 142 43 43 26 26 21.32513390 1 2 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.40 3.40 3.80 3.56 3.65 3.20 3.70 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.80 18.80 21.41 6.20 17.40 63.81 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.81 42.05 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 3 4 2 156 156 48 46 28 28 19.72386588 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 5 3 3.60 3.60 1.00 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.46 3.68 4.00 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.00 3.80 19.40 22.34 7.40 17.40 66.54 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 66.54 36.25 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 4 1 155 155 51 50 30 30 21.22788762 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 4 1 3.80 3.40 1.00 3.20 3.20 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.90 3.50 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.60 3.80 18.40 21.87 7.20 18.20 65.67 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.67 44.53 2.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 153 153 52 50 30 29 22.21367850 1 2 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 3.90 4.00 1.00 2.95 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.57 2.80 3.80 3.80 4.30 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.80 19.45 22.07 7.20 17.30 66.02 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 66.87 43.60 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 156 156 55 52 32 32 22.60026298 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.20 1.00 2.80 3.80 4.00 3.60 3.20 2.60 3.70 3.60 2.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.20 2.80 2.40 2.60 18.60 19.10 6.80 14.80 59.30 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.30 43.50 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 155 155 50 48 30 29 20.81165453 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 2.85 3.00 3.90 4.00 3.68 2.70 3.10 2.80 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 2.90 18.55 20.28 6.60 16.90 62.33 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.33 42.41 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 160 160 52 51 31 31 20.31250000 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 4.00 2.85 1.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.40 2.80 2.80 3.10 2.80 2.60 2.90 3.40 3.60 4.00 2.50 2.80 18.85 18.50 5.50 16.30 59.15 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.15 37.03 1.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 2 158 158 51 49 29 29 20.42941836 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 3 2 3.70 3.60 1.00 4.00 3.00 3.60 3.80 3.58 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.30 3.80 3.80 2.80 4.00 2.50 2.80 3.40 18.90 22.28 7.60 15.50 64.28 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.28 39.85 2.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 153 153 47 45 28 28 20.07774787 2 2 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.80 4.00 1.00 3.20 3.80 3.40 3.50 3.00 3.20 3.60 3.90 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.60 3.80 3.50 2.50 3.90 19.20 21.00 7.60 16.30 64.10 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.10 37.10 2.00 2.00 2.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 152 152 58 54 33 31 25.10387812 2 3 1 5 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.20 1.00 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.54 4.00 2.50 2.80 2.60 3.60 2.80 3.10 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 19.70 19.14 6.40 18.30 63.54 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 63.54 42.43 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 1 3 4 1 149 149 54 52 30 30 24.32322868 1 2 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.25 1.00 3.50 3.60 3.76 3.80 3.00 3.00 2.98 3.80 3.60 2.80 1.80 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.60 19.11 20.18 4.60 17.40 61.29 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.29 38.91 1.00 2.00 3.00
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d17 d19 d20 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 rphy rpsy rbeh rpain totalsymr rs1 rs2 rs3 rs4 rt group weight bmi bp ap rbpm rapm VAR00001
20 2 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 50 48 30 29 21.64127424 1 3 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 3.87 3.46 1.00 3.80 3.80 3.57 3.60 3.75 3.10 3.14 2.80 4.00 2.40 3.78 2.60 2.60 3.40 3.60 4.00 19.50 20.39 6.18 16.20 62.27 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 62.38 36.14 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 2 3 4 1 164 164 59 58 33 33 21.93634741 1 2 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 4.00 3.45 1.00 2.95 4.00 4.00 3.40 3.80 3.40 2.80 3.80 3.00 3.97 4.00 3.80 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.70 19.40 20.20 7.97 17.50 65.07 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.09 36.95 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 1 153 153 60 57 34 33 25.63116750 2 4 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.75 4.00 1.00 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.20 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.91 3.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 19.00 19.60 6.91 19.40 64.91 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 64.96 36.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 149 149 51 48 31 30 22.97193820 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 5 2 3.86 3.95 1.00 3.25 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.70 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.30 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.00 4.00 3.90 2.80 19.26 22.20 6.60 17.30 65.36 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 65.36 37.55 2.00 2.00 2.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 2 1 150 150 46 44 28 28 20.44444444 1 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.90 3.35 1.00 3.45 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.40 2.60 4.00 2.60 3.60 2.40 3.20 3.80 3.60 3.20 19.10 19.00 6.20 16.20 60.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 60.50 31.25 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 2 1 154 154 57 54 31 30 24.03440715 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 2 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.25 4.00 3.60 3.20 3.80 2.98 2.60 3.00 3.00 1.80 3.60 3.80 2.80 2.60 4.00 3.40 19.60 18.58 5.40 16.60 60.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.18 35.50 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 1 147 147 52 50 30 30 24.06404739 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 4 2 3.76 3.00 1.00 3.20 3.60 3.60 3.65 2.90 3.10 2.80 3.50 2.80 2.40 2.80 3.98 3.90 3.30 3.80 3.50 18.16 18.75 5.20 18.48 60.59 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.40 34.10 1.00 1.00 3.00
19 2 2 5 1 2 2 3 4 2 155 155 56 55 32 32 23.30905307 2 4 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3.87 3.60 1.00 3.00 3.60 3.50 3.80 2.98 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 18.57 20.58 7.20 18.60 64.95 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.95 34.30 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 3 4 1 154 154 49 48 29 29 20.66115702 1 4 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 3.80 3.80 1.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.80 2.40 3.80 3.90 3.40 3.40 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 19.60 20.20 6.80 17.60 64.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 64.20 36.73 2.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 1 2 157 157 57 55 33 32 23.12467037 2 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.50 1.00 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 2.80 3.20 4.60 3.80 3.20 2.80 3.40 3.60 2.00 3.00 3.25 2.80 19.50 21.40 6.20 14.65 61.75 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.75 38.80 1.00 2.00 3.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 3 2 1 152 152 55 54 31 31 23.80540166 1 3 0 0 2 2 4 5 2 4.00 3.60 1.00 3.60 4.00 3.30 3.80 3.00 2.90 4.20 3.45 2.80 2.40 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.90 3.80 19.50 20.15 6.00 17.90 63.55 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.55 36.93 1.00 2.00 2.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 3 1 153 153 48 46 28 28 20.50493400 2 3 1 3 2 2 4 3 2 3.86 3.60 1.00 3.75 3.40 3.50 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.80 3.60 2.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.50 3.60 4.00 3.60 19.36 20.30 6.80 17.50 63.96 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 63.96 34.05 2.00 1.00 2.00
18 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 58 55 33 31 22.94213045 2 3 1 1 3 3 3 5 2 3.90 4.00 1.00 3.60 3.20 4.50 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.60 2.80 3.20 3.00 2.50 2.50 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.20 20.20 22.00 5.50 17.10 64.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 64.80 34.63 2.00 1.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 1 4 156 156 58 54 32 30 23.83300460 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.20 2.80 1.00 3.90 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 2.13 3.92 2.60 4.00 3.92 3.19 3.97 3.28 3.10 18.90 18.95 6.60 17.46 61.91 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.91 37.28 1.00 2.00 3.00
20 1 1 3 1 5 5 1 2 2 153 153 53 51 30 29 22.64086462 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.50 3.78 2.00 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.85 3.80 3.97 3.00 1.46 17.88 20.40 7.60 16.08 61.96 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 61.96 37.29 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 160 160 56 53 34 31 21.87500000 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 3 2 2.60 3.81 1.00 3.80 3.00 2.00 3.90 3.80 2.80 2.57 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.65 3.87 3.09 3.80 3.97 16.21 20.27 5.20 18.38 60.06 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.68 39.11 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 156 156 54 51 32 31 22.18934911 1 3 0 0 2 2 4 5 3 2.80 3.50 1.00 3.20 3.76 2.00 3.50 3.60 3.80 3.76 3.81 3.62 3.20 3.98 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 16.60 22.09 7.18 18.00 63.87 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 63.78 36.80 2.00 2.00 2.00
21 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 52 50 31 30 22.50692521 2 3 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.80 3.76 1.00 2.80 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.50 3.60 2.80 2.79 3.91 3.80 2.80 3.20 3.99 3.80 4.00 3.10 17.86 19.40 6.60 18.09 61.95 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 60.79 38.79 1.00 2.00 3.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 155 155 54 51 33 30 22.47658689 2 3 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1.00 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 2.20 2.60 3.70 2.70 3.00 3.60 3.80 2.60 2.60 3.90 3.80 2.60 19.10 17.80 7.40 15.50 59.80 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 59.80 38.78 1.00 2.00 2.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 2 154 154 50 47 30 29 21.08281329 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.00 1.00 3.80 2.87 2.50 2.80 4.00 2.80 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.40 2.70 3.69 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.00 16.97 18.70 5.10 17.89 58.66 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 58.66 34.00 1.00 1.00 3.00
Experimental Group – II
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d19 d20 d21 d22 d23 d24 d25 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 as1 as2 as3 as4 ast as1r as2r as3r as4r astr Group bp ap rbpmramp
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 154 154 57 55 32 31 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 3.90 3.91 1 2.80 3.87 2.50 3.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.50 3.19 2.10 3.50 3.80 3.40 3.90 3.10 3.40 17.98 21.56 5.60 17.60 62.74 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.94 16.56 2.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 157 157 61 58 36 33 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 3 4 5 2 3.70 2.80 1 3.20 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.80 3.67 3.54 3.87 3.80 3.60 3.89 3.91 3.78 3.99 3.90 3.10 17.30 22.28 7.49 18.68 65.75 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 65.75 19.23 2.001.00
20 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 162 163 76 68 35 32 2 2 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 1 3.40 3.80 1 2.70 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.97 3.80 3.40 3.98 3.80 3.65 3.82 3.16 18.30 22.24 7.20 18.41 66.15 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.30 16.51 2.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 2 160 160 58 55 32 30 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 1 3 2 3 3 4 3 3.60 3.60 1 3.50 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.50 3.20 3.60 3.79 4.00 2.00 3.60 3.80 3.40 3.60 3.17 3.10 18.90 20.69 5.60 17.07 62.26 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.26 18.36 2.001.00
20 1 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 157 157 57 54 29 27 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 1 3.50 3.40 1 2.80 3.80 3.40 2.80 3.20 1.90 2.80 3.00 3.60 1.80 2.80 3.70 3.40 3.32 2.80 2.80 17.90 17.30 4.60 16.02 55.82 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 56.16 20.26 1.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 2 2 3 4 3 151 151 49 45 27 25 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 1 3.20 2.80 1 2.60 3.98 2.50 3.60 3.80 2.50 3.40 2.18 3.80 2.79 3.80 3.60 3.89 3.80 3.65 3.70 16.08 19.28 6.59 18.64 60.59 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.59 17.05 1.001.00
20 1 1 3 1 4 4 3 4 3 155 155 53 50 28 25 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.89 1 3.60 3.50 2.80 3.50 3.76 2.80 3.60 3.90 3.57 3.80 3.78 3.91 3.89 3.94 3.60 3.99 18.59 21.13 7.58 19.33 66.63 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.43 18.15 2.001.00
21 1 1 4 1 4 1 2 3 2 152 152 50 48 26 24 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 5 3 3.40 2.00 1 3.00 3.80 2.30 2.80 3.70 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.80 2.60 3.20 3.60 3.78 3.95 3.20 2.97 15.50 18.40 5.80 17.50 57.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 57.20 16.55 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 2 4 1 4 1 146 146 45 43 28 27 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 4 1 3.80 3.80 1 3.60 4.00 2.80 3.98 3.87 3.89 3.80 3.86 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.50 3.64 3.57 19.00 23.40 7.60 17.51 67.51 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.51 19.12 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 4 2 2 2 155 155 52 49 28 26 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 2 3.50 3.60 1 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.96 3.97 3.68 3.89 3.79 3.99 3.62 3.02 3.79 3.60 3.80 3.96 3.56 19.30 23.28 6.64 18.71 67.93 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.00 22.19 2.001.00
18 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 1 4 156 156 58 54 32 30 2 4 1 3 0 1 4 1 1 2 2 4 3 1 3.20 2.80 1 3.90 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.10 2.60 3.60 2.13 3.92 2.60 3.20 3.92 3.19 3.97 3.28 3.10 18.90 18.95 5.80 17.46 61.11 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.51 17.59 2.001.00
21 1 1 3 1 5 5 1 2 2 153 153 53 51 30 29 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 4 4 2 3.60 4.00 1 3.50 3.78 2.00 3.80 3.60 3.90 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.10 3.25 3.80 3.97 3.00 1.46 17.88 20.40 6.90 15.48 60.66 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.31 24.52 2.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 160 160 56 53 34 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.60 3.81 1 3.80 3.00 2.00 3.90 3.80 3.69 3.98 3.60 3.60 2.40 2.80 3.65 3.87 3.09 3.80 3.41 16.21 22.57 5.20 17.82 61.80 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.55 22.03 1.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 156 156 54 51 32 31 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.84 1 3.20 3.76 2.00 3.50 3.60 3.80 3.76 3.81 3.62 3.20 2.70 3.03 3.60 3.80 3.50 3.20 16.60 22.09 5.90 17.13 61.72 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.71 21.71 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 1 152 152 52 50 31 30 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.80 3.76 1 2.80 3.50 4.00 3.80 2.50 3.60 2.80 1.65 3.91 3.80 2.60 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.26 3.10 17.86 18.26 6.40 16.16 58.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.15 19.69 1.001.00
18 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 155 155 54 51 33 30 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 2 1 3.60 4.00 1 3.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 2.20 2.60 3.70 2.70 3.00 3.60 3.20 2.60 2.60 3.08 3.10 2.60 19.10 17.80 6.80 13.98 57.68 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.74 20.10 1.001.00
20 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 4 1 154 154 50 47 30 29 2 3 2 3 0 1 1 1 3 3 3 4 3 1 3.80 3.00 1 3.80 2.87 2.50 2.80 4.00 2.80 2.50 2.80 3.80 2.40 2.70 3.69 3.60 3.60 3.10 3.11 16.97 18.70 5.10 17.10 57.87 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.27 22.67 1.001.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 3 2 2 152 152 48 47 28 28 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.90 3.80 1 3.40 3.80 2.50 3.60 3.50 3.68 3.40 2.80 3.84 2.60 3.40 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.80 2.70 18.40 20.82 6.00 18.10 63.32 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 64.52 20.03 2.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 1 149 149 48 46 29 27 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.60 3.40 1 2.80 3.60 3.80 3.78 3.69 3.68 3.89 3.86 3.98 3.40 2.90 3.60 3.90 3.84 3.80 3.30 18.20 22.88 6.30 18.44 65.82 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.78 23.92 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 2 158 158 56 54 34 32 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 4 3 2.60 4.00 1 3.40 2.40 3.60 3.80 3.00 2.40 4.00 3.76 3.80 3.20 3.90 3.20 2.90 4.00 3.20 2.80 17.00 20.76 7.10 16.10 60.96 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.86 22.30 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 1 155 155 58 55 35 33 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 4 4 2 3.00 2.60 1 2.50 2.87 3.40 3.80 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.49 2.60 2.70 1.81 2.80 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.80 15.37 19.69 4.51 15.60 55.17 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.27 17.25 1.001.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 3 3 4 2 151 151 52 50 32 31 2 4 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.20 3.21 2.80 3.60 3.00 4.00 2.80 3.19 3.80 3.80 2.87 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.10 17.81 20.39 6.67 16.90 61.77 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.77 17.55 2.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 5 4 3 2 1 152 152 54 52 33 31 2 3 1 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 4 4 1 3.70 2.80 1 3.20 3.80 2.60 2.80 2.80 3.80 3.48 3.69 2.50 1.50 3.70 2.50 3.60 3.90 3.70 2.90 17.10 19.07 5.20 16.60 57.97 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.18 17.59 1.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 2 156 156 59 56 35 32 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.60 3.80 1 3.60 3.60 2.40 3.78 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.60 2.80 2.70 3.40 3.98 3.89 3.67 3.60 3.21 18.00 19.98 6.10 18.35 62.43 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.43 17.36 2.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 1 158 158 57 54 33 30 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.40 3.60 1 3.40 3.40 2.70 2.80 2.30 2.80 1.90 3.40 2.60 3.60 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 2.50 2.80 17.50 15.80 6.80 16.90 57.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.00 26.55 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 1 157 157 55 53 31 29 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 4.00 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.40 2.00 2.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 3.11 3.20 3.20 2.60 3.80 18.60 19.20 6.60 15.91 60.31 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.31 24.42 1.002.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 3 3 154 154 58 55 34 32 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 4 4 3 2.90 2.80 1 2.80 2.60 2.80 3.40 3.80 3.25 3.60 1.90 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.80 4.00 2.60 2.70 14.90 19.35 7.80 16.80 58.85 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.85 28.49 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 161 161 64 60 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 2 2.80 3.80 1 3.60 2.80 3.00 3.60 3.40 2.60 3.88 2.80 3.60 3.60 3.40 3.30 4.00 3.90 3.20 3.80 17.00 19.88 7.00 18.20 62.08 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.08 24.27 2.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 152 152 56 52 32 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 4 3 3.60 3.80 1 3.80 3.80 3.40 3.95 3.89 3.40 4.00 3.80 3.97 4.00 3.60 3.00 3.80 3.87 4.00 3.52 19.40 23.01 7.60 18.19 68.20 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.20 22.56 2.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 3 2 154 154 55 53 34 32 2 2 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 4.00 3.60 1 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.60 2.80 3.50 3.00 4.00 2.60 2.80 3.67 3.78 3.50 1.50 3.80 3.10 18.20 18.50 6.47 15.68 58.85 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.85 27.07 1.002.00
19 1 2 5 1 2 1 2 4 2 153 153 53 52 32 32 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 3 3.80 2.80 1 2.50 2.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 3.80 4.00 2.40 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.90 3.20 3.40 15.70 20.40 7.60 17.10 60.80 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.80 22.75 1.001.00
19 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 1 157 157 57 55 33 32 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 1 4.00 2.60 1 3.30 3.40 2.60 2.80 3.20 2.78 3.40 3.20 4.00 1.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.80 3.60 16.90 19.38 4.30 16.80 57.38 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.38 21.22 1.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 4 1 4 2 164 164 65 62 35 33 1 2 2 4 1 1 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 1 3.96 3.40 1 2.89 3.60 2.40 3.00 4.00 2.34 2.00 4.00 3.76 1.80 4.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 2.60 3.40 17.25 19.10 5.80 16.80 58.95 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.95 22.97 1.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 152 152 50 48 31 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 4.00 3.80 1 3.60 3.60 2.90 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.00 1.90 3.89 3.65 3.60 3.70 2.40 2.20 18.90 21.20 5.79 15.55 61.44 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.44 22.01 2.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 1 4 3 155 155 52 51 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 3.86 3.60 1 3.40 2.80 2.80 4.00 3.87 3.80 3.60 3.71 3.69 2.40 2.90 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.00 1.80 17.46 22.67 5.30 15.50 60.93 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.93 25.34 1.002.00
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d19 d20 d21 d22 d23 d24 d25 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 as1 as2 as3 as4 ast as1r as2r as3r as4r astr Group bp ap rbpmramp
20 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 2 155 155 54 52 32 30 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 1 5 2 3 4 3 3 3.80 2.80 1 2.60 3.60 2.10 3.67 3.20 2.90 4.00 2.50 3.00 2.60 2.80 3.20 4.00 3.80 2.60 3.80 15.90 19.27 5.40 17.40 57.97 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 58.22 25.51 1.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 158 158 57 55 33 32 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 4.00 1 2.80 3.80 2.70 3.48 2.50 3.60 3.40 3.90 1.80 2.80 2.60 2.50 3.80 4.80 2.80 3.20 17.90 18.68 5.40 17.10 59.08 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.68 26.50 1.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 1 152 152 54 52 32 30 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 2.50 3.60 1 3.40 2.80 2.80 2.00 3.00 3.40 3.20 2.60 2.90 1.40 2.80 3.93 3.80 3.60 3.60 2.80 16.10 17.10 4.20 17.73 55.13 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 55.13 21.87 1.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 2 1 159 159 59 57 35 32 2 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.20 3.60 1 3.60 2.60 2.60 3.10 2.40 2.80 2.80 1.83 3.90 3.80 2.30 3.76 2.50 3.80 2.80 2.90 16.60 16.83 6.10 15.76 55.29 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.29 19.50 1.001.00
20 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 155 155 54 53 32 31 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 2 3 3.80 3.80 1 3.40 3.80 3.80 3.00 3.40 2.90 3.00 2.60 4.00 3.60 3.76 3.57 2.40 2.80 3.80 3.40 19.60 18.90 7.36 15.97 61.83 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.90 24.43 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 4 1 3 3 149 149 48 46 28 27 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 3 1 3.97 3.60 1 3.20 3.90 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.60 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.60 3.80 3.80 3.70 3.81 3.59 3.60 19.27 23.20 7.40 18.50 68.37 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.37 25.74 2.002.00
21 1 1 4 1 5 4 1 4 3 156 156 52 50 29 28 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 3 2.90 2.80 1 4.00 3.89 2.60 2.80 3.10 2.80 2.50 4.00 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.80 3.00 3.70 3.90 3.80 17.19 18.20 7.20 18.20 60.79 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.85 29.45 1.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 5 5 2 4 2 152 152 54 52 30 28 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.80 3.60 1 2.89 4.00 3.80 4.00 2.90 3.20 2.80 3.00 3.00 2.80 3.20 3.20 3.00 3.60 3.60 2.80 19.09 18.90 6.00 16.20 60.19 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.59 26.28 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 156 156 60 57 35 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 3 3.60 4.00 1 3.70 3.79 3.60 3.00 2.70 3.70 3.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.90 3.20 3.20 3.50 2.80 2.00 19.69 18.50 7.10 14.70 59.99 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.99 24.17 1.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 148 148 48 47 28 26 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 4 2 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.80 2.96 2.80 4.00 3.62 3.60 4.00 3.69 3.80 3.40 2.90 2.80 2.89 2.80 3.70 1.27 18.16 22.71 6.30 13.46 60.63 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.63 24.67 1.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 2 154 154 55 53 30 28 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 3 2.70 3.60 1 3.80 2.81 4.00 3.00 2.80 2.50 3.60 3.80 3.90 2.80 2.60 2.60 3.50 2.90 2.80 2.60 17.91 19.60 5.40 14.40 57.31 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.31 26.09 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 157 157 62 60 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.89 1 3.70 3.80 3.81 2.60 2.60 2.80 2.70 4.00 3.89 2.90 3.40 3.80 3.50 3.80 3.40 2.80 19.00 18.59 6.30 17.30 61.19 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.19 24.35 2.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 149 149 49 47 28 27 1 4 2 3 0 1 2 1 4 3 2 3 3 2 3.80 3.67 1 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.60 2.60 3.40 2.40 3.80 3.20 2.90 3.80 3.60 3.60 3.70 3.60 3.90 19.37 19.00 6.70 18.40 63.47 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 64.02 26.54 2.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 146 146 50 48 31 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 3 2.80 3.80 1 3.70 3.00 4.00 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.40 2.50 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 2.00 3.80 18.30 18.00 7.60 17.40 61.30 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.30 27.45 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 2 154 154 57 56 31 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1 3.60 2.80 2.60 3.98 3.82 3.97 3.89 3.87 3.90 3.89 2.80 3.80 3.97 3.80 4.00 3.60 17.20 23.43 6.69 19.17 66.49 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.49 23.31 2.001.00
20 1 1 4 1 2 2 2 3 2 158 158 64 59 35 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.80 2.80 1 3.60 2.60 3.20 3.60 2.50 3.90 3.80 1.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.86 3.78 4.00 3.80 2.50 17.00 19.00 7.20 17.94 61.14 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.14 24.25 2.002.00
21 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 2 155 155 53 51 31 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 2 3.79 2.50 1 3.30 2.83 3.00 3.20 2.40 2.00 2.80 1.80 2.80 2.80 3.20 2.50 2.60 3.80 3.80 2.40 16.42 15.00 6.00 15.10 52.52 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 52.52 22.07 1.001.00
18 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 4 2 152 152 54 52 33 31 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 1 3.89 3.40 1 2.80 3.80 2.00 2.80 3.20 2.30 1.79 3.70 2.60 1.50 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.60 3.70 3.00 16.89 16.39 4.30 16.30 53.88 3.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 53.88 21.65 1.001.00
19 2 2 5 1 2 2 2 4 2 153 153 55 53 32 31 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 3 3.00 2.78 1 3.90 3.60 4.00 3.40 3.00 2.80 2.80 4.00 3.80 2.80 3.20 3.60 2.90 3.80 2.80 4.00 18.28 19.80 6.00 17.10 61.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.18 22.55 2.001.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 50 49 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 3 3 3 3 2 2.80 3.20 1 2.97 2.98 3.80 3.80 3.60 3.50 3.80 1.80 2.80 2.90 4.00 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.50 4.00 16.75 19.30 6.90 19.10 62.05 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 62.05 26.20 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 1 159 159 63 59 34 31 2 3 1 3 0 0 0 1 5 3 3 4 2 2 3.60 4.80 1 3.80 2.40 2.20 3.60 3.90 3.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.80 3.67 3.60 4.00 4.00 3.80 17.80 22.30 7.60 19.07 66.77 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.77 27.18 2.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 4 1 160 160 66 62 35 32 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 3 3 2 3.80 3.60 1 3.70 3.90 2.80 3.60 3.20 3.82 3.81 3.59 3.60 3.80 3.60 3.40 4.00 2.80 3.80 3.60 18.80 21.62 7.40 17.60 65.42 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 65.82 24.14 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 155 155 56 54 32 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 5 4 2 2.60 2.80 1 3.60 3.80 2.50 2.80 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.00 2.80 3.89 3.80 3.80 2.80 3.80 3.80 16.30 19.40 6.69 18.00 60.39 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.39 28.17 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 164 164 59 56 34 32 1 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 4 2 3 4 3 2 2.60 3.60 1 3.40 3.40 3.80 2.80 2.10 3.60 2.80 3.40 3.90 3.40 2.80 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.80 17.80 18.60 6.20 17.40 60.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.00 23.86 1.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 3 2 4 2 162 162 58 55 34 31 2 2 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 3 3 4 2 3.60 3.80 1 3.80 3.60 2.20 1.50 2.50 3.40 2.20 3.60 4.00 3.40 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 3.00 3.80 18.00 17.20 7.40 17.60 60.20 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 60.40 23.09 1.001.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 153 153 54 53 31 30 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 3 2 3.80 3.40 1 3.90 3.20 2.80 3.80 3.99 3.90 3.71 3.76 3.00 3.60 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.20 3.60 3.80 18.10 22.16 7.20 18.20 65.66 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.16 22.06 2.001.00
20 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 4 2 156 156 54 52 31 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 1 3.79 3.40 1 3.70 3.00 3.78 2.50 2.00 2.80 3.80 3.80 3.24 3.80 3.40 3.40 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.80 18.67 18.14 7.20 17.30 61.31 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.32 27.10 2.002.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 2 3 4 2 158 158 57 54 34 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 2 2 2.00 3.20 1 3.90 3.80 3.20 1.80 3.20 2.60 3.70 3.60 2.40 4.00 2.80 4.00 3.20 2.80 2.40 1.60 17.10 17.30 6.80 14.00 55.20 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 55.20 26.93 1.002.00
20 2 1 5 1 2 1 4 3 2 155 155 54 52 35 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 3 2 3.80 3.80 1 2.60 2.80 2.80 4.00 2.50 2.70 3.10 2.80 3.78 2.80 3.80 3.60 3.80 2.60 4.00 2.90 16.80 18.88 6.60 16.90 59.18 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.18 27.51 1.002.00
18 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 4 152 152 57 54 34 33 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 4.00 2.80 1 3.80 2.60 2.40 4.00 2.60 2.80 2.80 2.40 2.00 2.60 2.90 3.40 3.60 4.00 4.00 2.80 16.60 16.60 5.50 17.80 56.50 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 56.50 25.99 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 2 147 147 50 49 29 28 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 2.60 2.60 1 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 2.20 3.80 3.28 3.80 1.78 3.80 3.80 2.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 2.00 17.30 18.66 7.60 15.60 59.16 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.16 24.80 1.002.00
19 1 1 4 1 5 3 1 4 2 163 163 59 57 30 28 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 2.40 2.80 1 3.40 3.80 3.40 3.89 3.74 3.89 3.69 3.90 3.80 4.00 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.50 3.89 3.90 16.80 22.91 7.60 19.09 66.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.40 24.99 2.002.00
21 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 145 145 48 47 28 27 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 2.50 3.45 1 3.90 3.80 3.80 2.80 2.60 4.00 2.50 2.80 2.60 3.60 2.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 18.45 17.30 6.40 18.90 61.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.05 27.19 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 2 156 156 58 56 32 30 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 4 1 3.70 3.69 1 3.50 2.80 3.10 3.80 2.80 3.00 1.80 4.00 1.89 2.80 1.80 2.80 4.00 3.20 3.80 3.60 17.79 17.29 4.60 17.40 57.08 3.00 3.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 57.08 24.45 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 154 154 53 52 34 30 1 3 1 4 0 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 4 2 3.80 2.97 1 3.80 2.60 2.80 3.60 2.60 2.00 2.98 2.80 4.00 2.40 4.00 2.60 2.60 3.40 3.60 4.00 16.97 17.98 6.40 16.20 57.55 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.55 26.56 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 2 4 2 158 158 59 56 35 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 3 2 4.00 2.60 1 3.70 3.56 2.60 2.50 3.80 2.00 2.80 3.80 3.00 3.87 3.19 3.80 4.00 3.00 2.80 3.70 17.46 17.90 7.06 17.30 59.72 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 59.87 28.52 1.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 54 52 32 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 3 2.80 3.80 1 3.78 3.60 3.40 3.99 3.84 3.91 4.00 3.40 3.56 3.98 3.79 3.80 3.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 18.38 22.70 7.77 19.40 68.25 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 68.36 27.73 2.002.00
20 1 2 5 1 4 3 3 4 2 155 155 58 56 33 31 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.50 1 3.98 3.80 2.20 3.60 3.20 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.20 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.98 4.00 3.90 3.85 18.28 21.80 6.60 19.33 66.01 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.01 28.57 2.002.00
d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 d16 d19 d20 d21 d22 d23 d24 d25 d26 d27 d28 d29 d30 d31 d32 a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 a6 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 c1 c2 p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 as1 as2 as3 as4 ast as1r as2r as3r as4r astr Group bp ap rbpmramp
20 1 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 2 148 148 51 49 30 29 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 3.90 2.80 1 3.78 3.40 3.20 3.70 2.90 3.00 2.40 2.60 4.00 2.60 3.60 2.40 3.20 3.00 3.60 1.90 18.08 18.60 6.20 14.10 56.98 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 57.28 27.35 1.002.00
19 1 1 5 1 2 2 2 4 2 161 161 62 58 35 32 1 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 3.79 3.40 1 3.40 2.50 3.60 3.20 3.80 2.00 2.40 3.00 3.00 1.80 3.60 3.80 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.40 17.69 17.40 5.40 18.00 58.49 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 58.49 28.37 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 3 2 2 4 2 153 153 53 52 32 31 2 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.58 2.60 1 3.20 2.40 2.80 2.80 2.90 2.67 2.80 3.50 2.80 4.00 3.42 4.00 3.90 4.00 3.80 3.50 15.58 17.47 7.42 19.20 59.67 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 59.67 26.77 1.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 4 3 2 4 3 152 152 54 52 32 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 2 4 2 2.80 3.60 1 3.80 3.91 3.70 3.80 3.98 3.89 3.60 3.91 3.88 3.60 3.60 4.00 3.80 4.00 4.00 2.80 18.81 23.06 7.20 18.60 67.67 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 67.67 25.46 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 3 2 4 2 144 144 48 47 28 27 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.60 3.80 1 3.76 2.80 3.80 2.20 2.70 3.80 2.40 3.80 3.90 3.40 3.40 2.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 3.00 18.76 18.80 6.80 17.60 61.96 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.96 27.23 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 3 165 165 67 63 36 33 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.80 2.80 1 3.80 2.80 3.60 3.67 2.80 3.70 3.16 3.80 3.20 2.80 3.40 3.60 2.00 3.00 4.00 2.80 17.80 20.33 6.20 15.40 59.73 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.83 26.93 1.002.00
19 2 1 3 1 3 3 3 4 2 152 152 52 51 34 33 2 2 2 3 0 1 1 1 4 2 2 4 3 1 3.60 3.80 1 3.67 2.60 3.40 3.80 3.95 3.84 3.93 3.91 3.89 2.81 3.60 3.40 4.00 3.60 3.90 3.80 18.07 23.32 6.41 18.70 66.50 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 66.50 23.89 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 3 2 2 4 3 158 158 58 55 33 32 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 2 3.40 3.60 1 3.30 3.40 3.80 4.00 3.60 2.70 3.40 2.50 2.60 4.00 2.80 2.80 3.50 3.60 4.00 3.60 18.50 18.80 6.80 17.50 61.60 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.80 26.46 2.002.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 3 4 2 156 156 56 54 34 31 1 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 2 3.20 2.80 1 3.00 3.20 2.50 4.00 3.80 3.70 3.78 2.80 3.25 3.00 2.50 2.50 3.60 4.00 3.80 3.20 15.70 21.33 5.50 17.10 59.63 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.63 27.01 1.002.00
18 2 1 4 1 4 4 2 2 2 152 152 50 49 30 30 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 3 2 3.60 2.60 1 4.00 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.60 2.80 3.50 3.80 3.60 4.00 2.50 1.80 3.80 3.80 4.00 3.70 18.10 20.90 6.50 17.10 62.60 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 62.60 23.68 2.002.00
20 2 1 4 1 3 3 3 4 2 153 153 55 53 32 30 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 3 4 2 3.80 3.80 1 3.40 2.60 4.00 3.00 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 3.80 3.00 1.80 2.60 2.50 3.80 2.80 2.80 18.60 21.60 4.80 14.50 59.50 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.50 24.70 1.002.00
21 1 1 3 1 4 4 2 3 2 149 149 49 48 29 28 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 1 3 3 2 4 3 2 3.60 3.60 1 3.20 3.80 4.00 3.00 2.90 3.40 2.40 3.00 4.00 4.00 2.20 4.00 3.80 3.00 2.70 3.80 19.20 18.70 6.20 17.30 61.40 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.40 24.62 2.002.00
19 2 2 5 1 4 4 3 2 2 150 150 52 50 30 29 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 3 4 1 3.20 3.21 1 3.80 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.80 2.90 2.78 3.02 3.00 2.80 2.80 3.80 3.70 3.60 3.80 3.00 18.81 19.10 5.60 17.90 61.41 3.00 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 61.41 24.34 2.002.00
20 1 1 4 1 5 5 1 1 4 152 152 54 53 31 30 1 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 4 2 3.40 2.80 1 3.40 2.40 3.00 3.80 3.52 3.56 3.79 3.80 3.60 2.40 2.80 2.60 2.80 3.80 3.60 2.10 16.00 22.07 5.20 14.90 58.17 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 58.17 27.80 1.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 4 3 1 4 3 151 151 55 53 32 29 2 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 4 4 2 3.80 3.40 1 3.80 3.90 2.70 3.40 3.80 3.73 3.26 3.60 4.00 3.60 3.40 1.80 4.00 3.00 2.80 2.80 18.60 21.79 7.00 14.40 61.79 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.79 27.32 2.002.00
19 2 1 4 1 5 4 2 4 2 150 150 56 53 33 31 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 4 3 3.50 3.60 1 3.40 3.60 2.80 3.20 2.70 3.00 3.78 3.00 3.80 3.80 3.40 2.80 4.00 2.80 3.00 3.00 17.90 19.48 7.20 15.60 60.18 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 60.18 17.07 1.001.00
21 2 2 5 1 4 3 1 4 4 156 156 59 56 34 31 2 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 3 2 4.00 3.96 1 3.60 3.40 3.32 3.60 3.60 3.85 3.68 3.80 3.91 3.60 3.90 3.97 3.50 3.00 4.00 3.86 19.28 22.44 7.50 18.33 67.55 3.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.00 65.99 21.94 2.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 3 3 3 4 3 154 154 56 53 33 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 4 2 3.80 3.79 1 3.80 3.84 3.40 3.80 3.70 2.00 3.65 3.12 3.80 2.70 2.80 1.80 3.80 3.10 3.00 2.10 19.63 20.07 5.50 13.80 59.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 59.00 20.18 1.001.00
20 2 2 5 1 4 4 3 4 2 158 158 58 52 35 31 2 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 3.79 3.70 1 3.80 4.00 3.10 2.80 3.60 3.14 3.60 3.60 3.90 2.90 2.90 3.50 2.60 4.00 2.00 3.60 19.39 20.64 5.80 15.70 61.53 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 1.00 61.53 21.41 2.001.00
Comparison of Before, during, After, Experimental Group – I & II
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
63.14 62.74 63.45 34.51 22.74 23.06 23.06 1.00 62.94 40.23 23.06 7.25 7.50 2.25 6.06
65.75 65.75 65.23 34.26 24.98 25.65 25.65 1.00 65.75 41.49 25.65 8.13 7.42 4.40 5.70
66.45 66.15 59.97 36.79 27.99 27.99 27.99 1.00 66.30 41.58 27.99 6.00 12.48 4.01 5.50
62.26 62.26 62.00 33.98 29.32 29.26 29.26 1.00 62.26 41.77 29.26 7.01 11.90 4.10 6.25
56.50 55.82 56.43 38.07 28.92 30.92 30.92 1.00 56.16 41.14 30.92 8.86 12.66 3.90 5.50
60.59 60.59 56.66 34.43 28.20 28.20 28.20 1.00 60.59 39.76 28.20 7.40 12.15 3.25 5.40
66.22 66.63 60.53 32.30 27.55 28.85 28.85 1.00 66.43 40.13 28.85 6.00 11.70 2.85 8.30
57.20 57.20 58.11 40.19 22.30 22.30 22.30 1.00 57.20 40.20 22.30 7.50 6.75 2.25 5.80
67.51 67.51 64.23 35.08 28.80 30.30 29.32 1.00 67.51 42.70 29.81 8.64 11.69 4.18 5.30
66.07 67.93 66.11 36.24 31.98 34.55 32.86 1.00 67.00 44.78 33.71 9.44 13.07 3.50 7.70
61.91 61.11 61.65 36.46 26.39 26.39 26.39 1.00 61.51 41.50 26.39 6.40 9.80 2.99 7.20
61.96 60.66 58.22 40.58 31.79 36.92 35.32 1.00 61.31 43.53 36.12 9.53 12.80 4.08 9.71
59.29 61.80 55.11 39.92 27.84 32.13 31.33 1.00 60.55 40.96 31.73 11.59 11.70 3.44 5.00
63.69 61.72 64.21 37.95 27.99 30.95 30.95 1.00 62.71 43.38 30.95 9.63 11.24 4.33 5.75
59.62 58.68 55.15 42.15 31.05 34.67 34.67 1.00 59.15 42.78 34.67 9.90 12.75 3.62 8.40
59.80 57.68 55.52 37.48 30.43 28.37 28.37 1.00 58.74 41.14 28.37 6.45 9.27 3.70 8.95
58.66 57.87 57.97 41.74 32.02 34.36 32.47 1.00 58.27 43.91 33.42 9.88 12.20 5.10 6.24
65.72 63.32 64.32 41.28 30.82 30.92 30.92 1.00 64.52 45.47 30.92 7.30 11.89 4.74 6.99
67.74 65.82 67.50 39.97 24.53 25.87 25.87 1.00 66.78 44.00 25.87 9.24 8.18 2.70 5.75
60.75 60.96 60.26 36.39 32.60 32.60 31.71 1.00 60.86 43.08 32.16 10.17 11.41 3.50 7.08
55.37 55.17 47.15 42.08 26.98 27.99 27.99 1.00 55.27 38.74 27.99 8.25 11.74 3.00 5.00
61.77 61.77 61.71 41.26 27.50 27.50 27.50 1.00 61.77 43.49 27.50 8.55 10.95 2.25 5.75
58.39 57.97 53.89 37.18 28.25 29.25 29.25 1.00 58.18 39.77 29.25 6.94 12.66 2.50 7.15
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
62.43 62.43 61.71 36.33 27.51 28.19 28.19 1.00 62.43 41.85 28.19 8.04 11.83 2.32 6.00
57.00 57.00 57.19 36.00 35.20 35.20 35.20 1.00 57.00 42.80 35.20 10.97 10.65 3.38 10.20
60.31 60.31 55.02 35.05 33.25 35.05 36.05 1.00 60.31 41.11 35.55 11.92 13.13 4.30 6.20
58.85 58.85 58.09 48.31 36.34 38.69 38.69 1.00 58.85 47.58 38.69 12.89 12.20 4.70 8.90
62.08 62.08 62.43 38.41 30.06 33.76 33.76 1.00 62.08 43.63 33.76 12.87 11.49 3.00 6.40
68.20 68.20 66.71 35.54 31.25 31.25 32.25 1.00 68.20 44.50 31.75 11.83 11.19 2.70 6.03
58.85 58.85 55.96 48.29 36.36 39.55 39.55 1.00 58.85 46.87 39.55 12.11 14.48 4.56 8.40
60.80 60.80 61.38 44.55 34.06 34.06 34.06 1.00 60.80 46.66 34.06 10.85 13.31 3.50 6.40
57.38 57.38 51.90 44.41 33.60 33.92 33.92 1.00 57.38 43.30 33.92 7.00 13.70 3.80 9.42
58.95 58.95 58.91 41.88 32.19 34.39 34.39 1.00 58.95 44.33 34.39 7.87 12.42 4.30 9.80
61.44 61.44 60.69 42.56 33.91 35.11 35.11 1.00 61.44 45.72 35.11 9.66 15.10 4.40 5.95
60.93 60.93 60.94 50.54 36.65 37.85 36.65 1.00 60.93 49.38 37.25 11.49 13.31 3.40 9.05
58.47 57.97 56.98 50.15 33.81 35.71 35.71 1.00 58.22 46.98 35.71 10.76 12.20 2.65 10.10
60.28 59.08 55.36 37.87 34.54 35.84 35.84 1.00 59.68 42.59 35.84 10.56 11.34 3.40 10.54
55.13 55.13 47.90 37.60 31.72 31.72 31.67 1.00 55.13 39.07 31.70 7.62 10.80 2.90 10.38
55.29 55.29 56.36 33.88 27.80 28.80 28.80 1.00 55.29 39.35 28.80 8.35 10.30 4.40 5.75
61.97 61.83 62.14 44.48 39.77 39.57 38.23 1.00 61.90 48.80 38.90 9.35 15.80 2.75 11.00
68.37 68.37 68.05 49.07 35.85 37.35 34.88 1.00 68.37 50.99 36.12 10.14 11.14 4.34 10.50
60.90 60.79 60.50 49.90 41.75 39.75 39.75 1.00 60.85 50.72 39.75 11.30 12.30 4.40 11.75
60.99 60.19 61.24 46.62 35.20 36.37 36.37 1.00 60.59 47.69 36.37 10.50 12.09 4.28 9.50
59.99 59.99 60.48 41.11 30.21 33.55 31.35 1.00 59.99 43.93 32.45 11.03 9.18 2.49 9.75
60.63 60.63 59.58 37.49 33.03 31.77 31.77 1.00 60.63 43.37 31.77 11.43 9.10 2.74 8.50
57.31 57.31 56.17 39.97 34.12 33.02 33.02 1.00 57.31 43.42 33.02 11.59 8.93 4.50 8.00
61.19 61.19 59.32 41.74 40.08 37.04 35.79 1.00 61.19 47.05 36.42 10.24 13.44 3.75 8.99
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
65.57 63.47 64.04 45.61 41.91 40.74 38.06 1.00 64.52 50.52 39.40 11.38 14.24 5.10 8.69
61.30 61.30 54.30 52.25 41.51 38.30 38.30 1.00 61.30 49.35 38.30 10.60 12.85 4.50 10.35
66.49 66.49 64.48 49.77 35.19 35.19 33.64 1.00 66.49 49.81 34.42 9.21 12.33 3.38 9.50
61.14 61.14 61.36 43.14 37.61 36.71 34.01 1.00 61.14 47.37 35.36 9.60 11.76 4.73 9.27
52.52 52.52 50.77 42.02 34.02 35.97 32.97 1.00 52.52 42.27 34.47 9.65 13.78 5.60 5.45
53.88 53.88 54.12 45.60 30.01 30.01 30.01 1.00 53.88 43.24 30.01 8.40 9.36 2.25 10.00
61.18 61.18 60.00 41.64 31.73 31.73 30.10 1.00 61.18 44.46 30.92 11.57 9.55 4.30 5.50
62.05 62.05 59.79 51.12 39.30 37.90 38.10 1.00 62.05 50.07 38.00 10.40 13.90 4.90 8.80
66.77 66.77 64.60 48.94 38.52 37.02 37.27 1.00 66.77 50.69 37.15 10.45 11.97 4.73 10.00
66.22 65.42 64.89 53.94 34.61 34.61 34.06 1.00 65.82 51.15 34.34 8.21 11.55 2.53 12.05
60.39 60.39 59.83 55.66 37.77 41.23 40.60 1.00 60.39 51.09 40.92 12.42 14.09 5.11 9.30
60.00 60.00 61.03 51.40 34.21 34.21 34.21 1.00 60.00 48.88 34.21 6.60 11.35 3.96 12.30
60.60 60.20 58.19 45.85 34.31 33.06 34.31 1.00 60.40 46.12 33.69 7.11 12.10 3.73 10.75
66.66 65.66 63.20 43.94 32.46 33.46 33.46 1.00 66.16 46.53 33.46 7.55 12.40 3.51 10.00
61.33 61.31 60.65 52.02 37.09 38.59 37.35 1.00 61.32 49.92 37.97 9.92 13.00 4.25 10.80
55.20 55.20 50.54 44.87 37.34 37.10 37.31 1.00 55.20 44.25 37.21 11.03 12.28 4.65 9.25
59.18 59.18 58.15 46.89 35.85 37.50 37.40 1.00 59.18 46.96 37.45 11.66 11.94 4.60 9.25
56.50 56.50 54.03 49.88 38.81 37.44 37.44 1.00 56.50 47.57 37.44 10.19 13.45 3.00 10.80
59.16 59.16 54.00 49.29 31.21 32.97 35.47 1.00 59.16 44.83 34.22 10.84 11.30 5.21 6.88
66.40 66.40 63.70 58.35 32.99 35.49 35.74 1.00 66.40 51.68 35.62 11.74 12.63 5.50 5.75
61.05 61.05 53.14 50.60 37.94 37.19 38.34 1.00 61.05 47.23 37.77 11.83 12.58 3.86 9.50
57.08 57.08 55.94 50.65 29.63 31.63 31.63 1.00 57.08 45.41 31.63 8.75 9.18 4.20 9.50
57.55 57.55 56.85 47.37 36.01 37.01 37.01 1.00 57.55 46.74 37.01 10.61 12.45 4.70 9.25
60.02 59.72 52.57 47.35 37.37 38.24 37.25 1.00 59.87 45.76 37.75 11.67 11.23 4.60 10.25
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
68.47 68.25 61.94 53.75 40.68 42.46 36.48 1.00 68.36 52.12 39.47 11.77 12.98 3.98 10.75
66.01 66.01 61.99 51.76 31.95 37.74 35.89 1.00 66.01 48.57 36.82 11.77 10.25 4.52 10.28
57.58 56.98 49.22 45.90 39.38 39.38 39.38 1.00 57.28 44.83 39.38 11.59 14.03 3.56 10.20
58.49 58.49 52.07 48.03 39.64 40.32 40.64 1.00 58.49 46.58 40.48 12.31 13.77 3.80 10.60
59.67 59.67 55.53 53.76 35.01 38.81 35.40 1.00 59.67 48.10 37.11 10.79 11.54 4.50 10.28
67.67 67.67 62.39 54.12 34.28 36.23 33.98 1.00 67.67 50.26 35.11 10.41 11.88 3.23 9.60
61.96 61.96 59.95 51.94 34.25 36.67 34.50 1.00 61.96 48.71 35.59 11.19 10.03 3.38 11.00
59.93 59.73 59.43 55.33 33.00 37.39 36.55 1.00 59.83 49.25 36.97 11.72 11.38 4.13 9.75
66.50 66.50 66.75 49.83 30.28 35.38 34.07 1.00 66.50 48.95 34.73 12.20 12.18 4.60 5.75
62.00 61.60 62.32 54.49 36.77 39.92 37.10 1.00 61.80 51.19 38.51 12.18 14.05 2.78 9.50
59.63 59.63 47.84 46.75 39.18 40.34 40.34 1.00 59.63 44.59 40.34 11.84 15.33 4.41 8.76
62.60 62.60 61.71 60.08 32.54 35.68 34.68 1.00 62.60 51.44 35.18 9.87 13.50 3.31 8.50
59.50 59.50 58.84 53.70 31.65 36.55 36.55 1.00 59.50 48.06 36.55 13.18 13.85 3.77 5.75
61.40 61.40 57.53 54.65 33.77 35.12 35.12 1.00 61.40 48.65 35.12 10.30 12.50 3.00 9.32
61.41 61.41 61.92 35.95 33.71 33.26 33.48 1.00 61.41 43.86 33.37 10.73 11.14 4.70 6.80
58.17 58.17 57.42 46.83 36.02 38.35 36.67 1.00 58.17 46.76 37.51 12.18 11.72 4.62 9.00
61.79 61.79 58.41 46.78 32.81 37.73 36.48 1.00 61.79 46.00 37.11 12.08 11.79 4.50 8.74
60.18 60.18 57.05 46.20 24.32 24.32 24.32 1.00 60.18 42.52 24.32 7.62 8.25 2.25 6.20
64.42 67.55 63.37 40.39 30.84 33.44 31.94 1.00 65.99 44.87 32.69 12.19 12.75 2.25 5.50
59.00 59.00 55.95 41.91 29.83 29.08 29.08 1.00 59.00 42.56 29.08 10.18 10.90 3.00 5.00
61.53 61.53 59.77 43.79 32.87 30.70 29.91 1.00 61.53 45.48 30.31 10.76 10.50 3.50 5.55
63.29 62.15 47.30 38.73 28.25 27.75 27.75 2.00 62.72 38.09 27.75 7.50 7.75 4.00 8.50
64.96 62.85 50.85 40.75 25.90 24.40 24.40 2.00 63.91 39.17 24.40 6.25 6.75 3.40 8.00
66.74 62.51 50.85 38.00 26.85 26.60 26.60 2.00 64.63 38.57 26.60 6.25 7.25 4.00 9.10
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
64.17 64.97 50.50 43.50 33.50 32.25 32.25 2.00 64.57 42.50 32.25 6.75 7.00 4.10 14.40
59.53 59.53 56.77 43.70 31.45 30.45 30.45 2.00 59.53 43.97 30.45 11.10 6.00 3.55 9.80
62.70 61.48 58.95 43.65 27.85 27.60 27.60 2.00 62.09 43.48 27.60 6.25 6.75 4.00 10.60
64.79 64.79 60.60 46.10 27.50 26.75 26.75 2.00 64.79 44.73 26.75 6.00 6.75 3.00 11.00
62.04 62.14 56.70 45.59 26.75 26.75 26.75 2.00 62.09 43.01 26.75 7.25 7.00 4.50 8.00
64.50 64.49 60.80 45.35 29.00 27.75 29.25 2.00 64.50 45.05 28.50 7.25 9.25 3.00 9.00
66.50 66.29 59.80 44.30 31.00 28.75 29.50 2.00 66.40 45.03 29.13 6.63 8.50 5.00 9.00
63.07 64.36 61.46 47.92 29.55 28.55 29.55 2.00 63.72 46.31 29.05 7.00 8.25 5.00 8.80
65.26 66.15 59.94 47.74 31.50 32.25 32.50 2.00 65.71 46.39 32.38 11.13 9.75 4.50 7.00
65.56 62.02 61.62 47.96 28.56 29.31 29.31 2.00 63.79 46.05 29.31 6.75 10.00 3.40 9.16
66.67 64.37 64.17 49.60 33.50 33.25 33.25 2.00 65.52 49.09 33.25 11.25 8.00 3.00 11.00
64.57 66.24 63.79 47.05 35.00 35.00 35.00 2.00 65.41 48.61 35.00 11.00 12.00 3.00 9.00
67.58 67.77 66.77 45.60 34.25 34.25 34.25 2.00 67.68 48.87 34.25 6.25 12.00 4.00 12.00
62.67 63.29 58.59 46.60 36.35 36.35 36.60 2.00 62.98 47.18 36.48 11.13 9.75 4.00 11.60
66.50 67.79 60.30 51.70 36.50 36.50 36.50 2.00 67.15 49.50 36.50 10.00 12.00 3.00 11.50
62.48 62.48 60.88 53.65 36.50 35.50 35.50 2.00 62.48 50.34 35.50 7.00 12.00 4.00 12.50
65.10 64.95 63.45 52.95 32.60 33.35 33.85 2.00 65.03 49.67 33.60 6.50 9.00 3.00 15.10
59.50 59.50 58.50 53.45 33.00 33.00 33.25 2.00 59.50 48.32 33.13 11.13 8.00 3.00 11.00
66.10 66.08 64.08 52.20 37.55 38.05 38.05 2.00 66.09 51.28 38.05 11.00 9.25 3.10 14.70
65.30 65.30 64.49 55.50 32.50 33.00 33.25 2.00 65.30 50.83 33.13 11.63 9.50 3.00 9.00
65.60 65.19 64.29 54.60 29.25 29.75 30.50 2.00 65.40 49.38 30.13 11.13 10.00 3.00 6.00
64.44 64.44 63.44 60.49 27.25 26.75 26.75 2.00 64.44 50.39 26.75 6.75 9.00 2.00 9.00
63.80 63.80 62.40 61.25 32.25 32.25 32.25 2.00 63.80 51.97 32.25 8.25 11.00 3.00 10.00
65.40 65.40 63.40 60.15 29.75 29.75 29.75 2.00 65.40 51.10 29.75 7.75 9.00 4.00 9.00
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
64.03 64.83 64.83 60.85 26.00 26.00 26.00 2.00 64.43 50.56 26.00 8.00 7.00 2.00 9.00
65.90 65.68 65.68 59.95 34.90 34.40 34.40 2.00 65.79 53.51 34.40 11.90 8.00 5.50 9.00
61.85 61.85 61.85 57.95 35.40 35.40 35.40 2.00 61.85 51.73 35.40 12.00 9.50 3.90 10.00
67.40 67.28 67.28 62.93 40.50 38.50 38.50 2.00 67.34 56.90 38.50 11.65 9.75 3.00 14.10
62.90 62.90 62.90 60.55 35.60 34.85 34.85 2.00 62.90 53.02 34.85 10.00 11.25 3.00 10.60
66.00 65.37 65.37 62.52 33.20 33.20 33.20 2.00 65.69 53.70 33.20 11.00 9.00 2.00 11.20
64.90 65.38 64.18 61.98 39.29 39.29 39.29 2.00 65.14 55.15 39.29 16.49 9.00 3.00 10.80
62.90 62.62 62.62 58.62 37.50 37.25 37.25 2.00 62.76 52.91 37.25 11.00 11.75 2.00 12.50
62.90 62.73 61.73 59.71 32.80 32.80 32.80 2.00 62.82 51.41 32.80 8.00 10.00 3.00 11.80
64.62 64.62 63.02 56.10 39.80 38.80 38.80 2.00 64.62 52.97 38.80 14.60 9.00 4.00 11.20
60.38 60.60 60.60 54.90 37.10 36.60 37.10 2.00 60.49 50.87 36.85 14.90 10.50 2.00 9.45
62.06 63.36 62.66 58.12 33.25 35.75 35.75 2.00 62.71 51.34 35.75 14.00 9.75 3.00 9.00
62.89 62.89 62.89 61.15 30.60 31.60 31.85 2.00 62.89 51.55 31.73 10.00 10.00 3.00 8.73
65.90 66.76 66.76 61.76 33.25 32.75 32.75 2.00 66.33 53.92 32.75 10.00 9.75 4.00 9.00
65.07 65.07 64.97 60.69 35.20 34.95 34.95 2.00 65.07 53.62 34.95 12.95 12.00 3.00 7.00
63.27 63.27 61.77 57.95 36.60 35.35 35.35 2.00 63.27 52.11 35.35 13.60 11.75 3.00 7.00
63.38 64.43 64.43 59.60 34.00 36.50 36.75 2.00 63.91 52.68 36.63 13.00 10.63 4.00 9.00
63.91 63.91 63.91 59.60 36.90 35.90 36.40 2.00 63.91 53.47 36.15 11.00 13.25 4.90 7.00
58.52 59.68 59.68 57.26 37.10 42.20 42.20 2.00 59.10 51.35 42.20 16.35 12.25 3.00 10.60
64.81 64.81 64.81 62.70 35.50 35.25 35.50 2.00 64.81 54.34 35.38 11.50 9.75 4.00 10.13
67.92 67.92 66.12 63.95 35.00 35.75 35.75 2.00 67.92 55.02 35.75 11.00 11.75 3.00 10.00
65.50 65.50 64.50 62.40 32.00 37.00 37.25 2.00 65.50 52.97 37.13 11.00 14.00 3.00 9.13
64.90 64.90 64.90 61.45 33.60 35.60 35.60 2.00 64.90 53.32 35.60 11.00 13.00 4.60 7.00
66.34 66.34 66.34 61.50 41.50 41.75 42.50 2.00 66.34 56.45 42.13 12.00 14.50 5.13 10.50
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
61.14 61.14 61.14 57.05 30.35 32.85 33.10 2.00 61.14 49.51 32.98 8.00 11.75 4.33 8.90
57.71 57.71 57.71 55.66 37.05 39.30 39.30 2.00 57.71 50.14 39.30 12.80 12.50 4.80 9.20
63.98 63.98 63.98 59.35 38.00 38.00 38.00 2.00 63.98 53.78 38.00 15.00 11.00 3.00 9.00
65.50 65.50 63.50 61.20 41.70 43.70 42.70 2.00 65.50 55.47 43.20 12.00 13.80 6.40 11.00
67.50 67.50 67.50 61.75 36.80 38.80 38.80 2.00 67.50 55.35 38.80 11.00 14.00 5.80 8.00
66.70 66.70 66.70 58.40 39.60 41.60 41.60 2.00 66.70 54.90 41.60 12.00 16.00 5.60 8.00
65.28 65.28 65.28 61.90 34.00 34.00 35.00 2.00 65.28 53.73 34.50 12.00 12.50 3.00 7.00
63.81 63.81 63.81 58.10 42.05 42.05 42.05 2.00 63.81 54.65 42.05 11.00 15.25 4.80 11.00
66.54 66.54 65.54 61.55 36.00 36.25 36.25 2.00 66.54 54.36 36.25 10.00 12.25 3.00 11.00
65.67 65.67 65.67 60.70 44.40 44.40 44.65 2.00 65.67 56.92 44.53 13.53 18.00 4.00 9.00
67.72 66.02 66.02 60.45 43.35 43.10 44.10 2.00 66.87 56.61 43.60 11.73 18.75 4.13 9.00
59.30 59.30 59.30 55.70 43.50 43.50 43.50 2.00 59.30 52.83 43.50 13.00 17.50 3.00 10.00
62.33 62.33 62.33 56.53 42.28 42.28 42.53 2.00 62.33 53.71 42.41 12.00 18.28 4.13 8.00
59.15 59.15 59.15 55.15 37.40 36.90 37.15 2.00 59.15 50.57 37.03 10.00 14.40 4.13 8.50
64.28 64.28 64.28 61.28 39.60 39.60 40.10 2.00 64.28 55.05 39.85 11.00 12.25 7.60 9.00
64.10 64.10 64.10 62.10 37.10 37.10 37.10 2.00 64.10 54.43 37.10 10.00 11.00 6.60 9.50
63.54 63.54 63.54 59.54 42.30 42.30 42.55 2.00 63.54 55.13 42.43 13.00 13.90 6.40 9.13
61.29 61.29 61.29 57.49 38.78 38.78 39.03 2.00 61.29 52.52 38.91 12.00 12.98 4.80 9.13
62.49 62.27 62.27 59.67 37.14 36.14 36.14 2.00 62.38 53.03 36.14 11.00 14.14 3.00 8.00
65.10 65.07 64.07 59.27 36.70 36.45 37.45 2.00 65.09 53.35 36.95 15.45 11.00 3.00 7.50
65.00 64.91 64.86 62.86 35.50 36.00 36.00 2.00 64.96 54.41 36.00 13.00 10.00 4.00 9.00
65.36 65.36 65.36 63.56 32.50 37.55 37.55 2.00 65.36 53.81 37.55 11.00 11.75 4.00 10.80
60.50 60.50 60.50 58.50 33.50 30.75 31.75 2.00 60.50 50.83 31.25 10.00 13.75 2.00 5.50
60.18 60.18 60.03 57.45 36.95 35.00 36.00 2.00 60.18 51.48 35.50 12.25 12.95 2.80 7.50
OP1 OP2 OP3 OP4 OP5 OP6 OP7 group Before pms During pms After pms PMS1 after PMS2 after PMS3 after PMS4 after
62.21 60.59 60.59 60.59 33.85 34.10 34.10 2.00 61.40 51.68 34.10 12.00 13.10 3.00 6.00
64.95 64.95 62.95 62.95 32.50 33.80 34.80 2.00 64.95 52.80 34.30 11.00 12.00 3.00 8.30
64.20 64.20 63.20 59.20 35.60 36.10 37.35 2.00 64.20 52.67 36.73 11.00 14.10 3.00 8.63
61.75 61.75 61.75 57.15 35.35 38.80 38.80 2.00 61.75 51.42 38.80 10.00 16.00 4.00 8.80
63.55 63.55 62.55 58.75 34.00 36.80 37.05 2.00 63.55 51.77 36.93 12.00 14.00 3.00 7.93
63.96 63.96 61.71 59.11 35.25 34.05 34.05 2.00 63.96 52.02 34.05 9.00 11.25 4.00 9.80
64.80 64.80 63.80 54.50 31.25 34.50 34.75 2.00 64.80 49.85 34.63 11.00 10.00 2.13 11.50
61.91 61.91 60.91 54.53 35.08 37.03 37.53 2.00 61.91 50.17 37.28 13.20 14.83 3.13 6.13
61.96 61.96 61.96 54.14 35.61 37.16 37.41 2.00 61.96 50.57 37.29 11.00 13.70 3.13 9.46
59.29 60.06 60.06 54.75 27.85 38.98 39.23 2.00 59.68 47.55 39.11 14.41 11.57 3.13 10.00
63.69 63.87 63.53 58.25 36.80 36.80 36.80 2.00 63.78 52.86 36.80 11.80 12.00 4.00 9.00
59.62 61.95 61.95 57.55 37.91 38.41 39.16 2.00 60.79 52.47 38.79 11.60 11.91 5.05 10.23
59.80 59.80 59.80 54.00 38.60 38.65 38.90 2.00 59.80 50.80 38.78 14.00 10.55 5.50 8.73
58.66 58.66 58.66 45.37 25.25 34.00 34.00 2.00 58.66 43.09 34.00 12.00 11.00 2.00 9.00
Comparison of Before and After Experimental Group – I & II
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
17.98 21.76 5.60 17.60 4.13 4.13 2.25 6.06 1.00 62.94 16.56
17.30 22.28 7.49 18.68 4.57 4.57 4.40 5.70 1.00 65.75 19.23
18.30 22.39 7.20 18.41 3.50 3.50 4.01 5.50 1.00 66.30 16.51
18.90 20.69 5.60 17.07 4.01 4.01 4.10 6.25 1.00 62.26 18.36
17.90 17.30 4.60 16.36 5.43 5.43 3.90 5.50 1.00 56.16 20.26
16.08 19.28 6.59 18.64 4.20 4.20 3.25 5.40 1.00 60.59 17.05
18.59 21.73 7.49 18.62 3.50 3.50 2.85 8.30 1.00 66.43 18.15
15.50 18.40 5.80 17.50 4.25 4.25 2.25 5.80 1.00 57.20 16.55
19.00 23.40 7.60 17.51 4.82 4.82 4.18 5.30 1.00 67.51 19.12
19.30 23.28 6.57 17.85 5.50 5.50 3.50 7.70 1.00 67.00 22.19
18.90 18.95 6.20 17.46 3.70 3.70 2.99 7.20 1.00 61.51 17.59
17.88 20.40 7.25 15.78 5.37 5.37 4.08 9.71 1.00 61.31 24.52
16.21 21.04 5.20 18.10 6.80 6.80 3.44 5.00 1.00 60.55 22.03
16.60 22.09 6.45 17.57 5.82 5.82 4.33 5.75 1.00 62.71 21.71
17.86 18.26 6.50 16.53 5.95 5.95 3.62 8.40 1.00 59.15 23.92
19.10 17.80 7.10 14.74 3.73 3.73 3.70 8.95 1.00 58.74 20.10
16.97 18.70 5.10 17.50 5.67 5.67 5.10 6.24 1.00 58.27 22.67
18.40 21.67 6.25 18.20 4.15 4.15 4.74 6.99 1.00 64.52 20.03
18.20 22.99 6.81 18.79 5.62 5.62 2.70 5.75 1.00 66.78 19.69
17.00 20.76 7.00 16.10 5.86 5.86 3.50 7.08 1.00 60.86 22.30
15.37 19.79 4.51 15.60 4.63 4.63 3.00 5.00 1.00 55.27 17.25
17.81 20.39 6.67 16.90 4.78 4.78 2.25 5.75 1.00 61.77 17.55
17.10 19.28 5.20 16.60 3.97 3.97 2.50 7.15 1.00 58.18 17.59
18.00 19.98 6.10 18.35 4.52 4.52 2.32 6.00 1.00 62.43 17.36
17.50 15.80 6.80 16.90 6.49 6.49 3.38 10.20 1.00 57.00 26.55
18.60 19.20 6.60 15.91 6.96 6.96 4.30 6.20 1.00 60.31 24.42
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
14.90 19.35 7.80 16.80 7.45 7.45 4.70 8.90 1.00 58.85 28.49
17.00 19.88 7.00 18.20 7.44 7.44 3.00 6.40 1.00 62.08 24.27
19.40 23.01 7.60 18.19 6.92 6.92 2.70 6.03 1.00 68.20 22.56
18.20 18.50 6.47 15.68 7.06 7.06 4.56 8.40 1.00 58.85 27.07
15.70 20.40 7.60 17.10 6.43 6.43 3.50 6.40 1.00 60.80 22.75
16.90 19.38 4.30 16.80 4.00 4.00 3.80 9.42 1.00 57.38 21.22
17.25 19.10 5.80 16.80 4.44 4.44 4.30 9.80 1.00 58.95 22.97
18.90 21.20 5.79 15.55 5.83 5.83 4.40 5.95 1.00 61.44 22.01
17.46 22.67 5.30 15.50 6.45 6.45 3.40 9.05 1.00 60.93 25.34
16.15 19.27 5.40 17.40 6.38 6.38 2.65 10.10 1.00 58.22 25.51
17.90 18.68 6.00 17.10 6.28 6.28 3.40 10.54 1.00 59.68 26.50
16.10 17.10 4.20 17.73 4.30 4.30 2.90 10.38 1.00 55.13 21.87
16.60 16.83 6.10 15.76 4.68 4.68 4.40 5.75 1.00 55.29 19.50
19.60 18.90 7.43 15.97 5.34 5.34 2.75 11.00 1.00 61.90 24.43
19.27 23.20 7.40 18.50 5.45 5.45 4.34 10.50 1.00 68.37 25.74
17.25 18.20 7.20 18.20 6.65 6.65 4.40 11.75 1.00 60.85 29.45
19.09 18.90 6.40 16.20 6.25 6.25 4.28 9.50 1.00 60.59 26.28
19.69 18.50 7.10 14.70 5.97 5.97 2.49 9.75 1.00 59.99 24.17
18.16 22.71 6.30 13.46 6.72 6.72 2.74 8.50 1.00 60.63 24.67
17.91 19.60 5.40 14.40 6.80 6.80 4.50 8.00 1.00 57.31 26.09
19.00 18.59 6.30 17.30 5.81 5.81 3.75 8.99 1.00 61.19 24.35
19.37 19.00 7.25 18.40 6.38 6.38 5.10 8.69 1.00 64.02 26.54
18.30 18.00 7.60 17.40 6.30 6.30 4.50 10.35 1.00 61.30 27.45
17.20 23.43 6.69 19.17 5.22 5.22 3.38 9.50 1.00 66.49 23.31
17.00 19.00 7.20 17.94 5.13 5.13 4.73 9.27 1.00 61.14 24.25
16.42 15.00 6.00 15.10 5.51 5.51 5.60 5.45 1.00 52.52 22.07
16.89 16.39 4.30 16.30 4.70 4.70 2.25 10.00 1.00 53.88 21.65
18.28 19.80 6.00 17.10 6.38 6.38 4.30 5.50 1.00 61.18 22.55
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
16.75 19.30 6.90 19.10 6.25 6.25 4.90 8.80 1.00 62.05 26.20
17.80 22.30 7.60 19.07 6.23 6.23 4.73 10.00 1.00 66.77 27.18
18.80 22.02 7.40 17.60 4.78 4.78 2.53 12.05 1.00 65.82 24.14
16.30 19.40 6.69 18.00 6.88 6.88 5.11 9.30 1.00 60.39 28.17
17.80 18.60 6.20 17.40 3.80 3.80 3.96 12.30 1.00 60.00 23.86
18.20 17.20 7.40 17.60 4.31 4.31 3.73 10.75 1.00 60.40 23.09
18.10 22.66 7.20 18.20 4.28 4.28 3.51 10.00 1.00 66.16 22.06
18.68 18.14 7.20 17.30 6.03 6.03 4.25 10.80 1.00 61.32 27.10
17.10 17.30 6.80 14.00 6.52 6.52 4.65 9.25 1.00 55.20 26.93
16.80 18.88 6.60 16.90 6.83 6.83 4.60 9.25 1.00 59.18 27.51
16.60 16.60 5.50 17.80 6.10 6.10 3.00 10.80 1.00 56.50 25.99
17.30 18.66 7.60 15.60 6.36 6.36 5.21 6.88 1.00 59.16 24.80
16.80 22.91 7.60 19.09 6.87 6.87 5.50 5.75 1.00 66.40 24.99
18.45 17.30 6.40 18.90 6.92 6.92 3.86 9.50 1.00 61.05 27.19
17.79 17.29 4.60 17.40 5.38 5.38 4.20 9.50 1.00 57.08 24.45
16.97 17.98 6.40 16.20 6.31 6.31 4.70 9.25 1.00 57.55 26.56
17.61 17.90 7.06 17.30 6.84 6.84 4.60 10.25 1.00 59.87 28.52
18.49 22.70 7.77 19.40 6.50 6.50 3.98 10.75 1.00 68.36 27.73
18.28 21.80 6.60 19.33 6.89 6.89 4.52 10.28 1.00 66.01 28.57
18.38 18.60 6.20 14.10 6.80 6.80 3.56 10.20 1.00 57.28 27.35
17.69 17.40 5.40 18.00 6.99 6.99 3.80 10.60 1.00 58.49 28.37
15.58 17.47 7.42 19.20 6.00 6.00 4.50 10.28 1.00 59.67 26.77
18.81 23.06 7.20 18.60 6.32 6.32 3.23 9.60 1.00 67.67 25.46
18.76 18.80 6.80 17.60 6.43 6.43 3.38 11.00 1.00 61.96 27.23
17.90 20.33 6.20 15.40 6.53 6.53 4.13 9.75 1.00 59.83 26.93
18.07 23.32 6.41 18.70 6.77 6.77 4.60 5.75 1.00 66.50 23.89
18.50 19.00 6.80 17.50 7.09 7.09 2.78 9.50 1.00 61.80 26.46
15.70 21.33 5.50 17.10 6.92 6.92 4.41 8.76 1.00 59.63 27.01
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
18.10 20.90 6.50 17.10 5.94 5.94 3.31 8.50 1.00 62.60 23.68
18.60 21.60 4.80 14.50 7.59 7.59 3.77 5.75 1.00 59.50 24.70
19.20 18.70 6.20 17.30 6.15 6.15 3.00 9.32 1.00 61.40 24.62
18.81 19.10 5.60 17.90 6.42 6.42 4.70 6.80 1.00 61.41 24.34
16.00 22.07 5.20 14.90 7.09 7.09 4.62 9.00 1.00 58.17 27.80
18.60 21.79 7.00 14.40 7.04 7.04 4.50 8.74 1.00 61.79 27.32
17.90 19.48 7.20 15.60 4.31 4.31 2.25 6.20 1.00 60.18 17.07
19.28 22.44 7.50 16.77 7.10 7.10 2.25 5.50 1.00 65.99 21.94
19.63 20.07 5.50 13.80 6.09 6.09 3.00 5.00 1.00 59.00 20.18
19.39 20.64 5.80 15.70 6.18 6.18 3.50 5.55 1.00 61.53 21.41
18.93 21.34 5.80 16.65 7.50 7.75 4.00 8.50 2.00 62.72 27.75
18.17 21.40 7.04 17.30 6.25 6.75 3.40 8.00 2.00 63.91 24.40
18.98 21.90 7.20 16.55 6.25 7.25 4.00 9.10 2.00 64.63 26.60
19.20 21.87 5.60 17.90 6.75 7.00 4.10 14.40 2.00 64.57 32.25
18.20 19.83 4.60 16.90 11.10 6.00 3.55 9.80 2.00 59.53 30.45
17.54 20.40 7.45 16.70 6.25 6.75 4.00 10.60 2.00 62.09 27.60
18.59 20.70 7.40 18.10 6.00 6.75 3.00 11.00 2.00 64.79 26.75
18.42 20.36 5.90 17.42 7.25 7.00 4.50 8.00 2.00 62.09 26.75
18.60 21.40 7.60 16.90 7.25 9.25 3.00 9.00 2.00 64.50 28.50
20.00 22.60 7.20 16.60 6.63 8.50 5.00 9.00 2.00 66.40 29.13
19.05 20.30 6.60 17.77 7.00 8.25 5.00 8.80 2.00 63.72 29.05
19.06 22.50 7.60 16.55 11.13 9.75 4.50 7.00 2.00 65.71 32.38
19.60 21.16 5.20 17.83 6.75 10.00 3.40 9.16 2.00 63.79 29.31
19.25 21.27 7.00 18.00 11.25 8.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 65.52 33.25
18.64 22.27 6.60 17.90 11.00 12.00 3.00 9.00 2.00 65.41 35.00
19.84 21.14 7.40 19.30 6.25 12.00 4.00 12.00 2.00 67.68 34.25
20.20 21.38 5.10 16.30 11.13 9.75 4.00 11.60 2.00 62.98 36.48
19.80 22.50 6.50 18.35 10.00 12.00 3.00 11.50 2.00 67.15 36.50
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
17.80 20.49 7.40 16.79 7.00 12.00 4.00 12.50 2.00 62.48 35.50
19.93 21.20 7.80 16.10 6.50 9.00 3.00 15.10 2.00 65.03 33.60
18.20 21.00 4.70 15.60 11.13 8.00 3.00 11.00 2.00 59.50 33.13
18.99 21.90 5.90 19.30 11.00 9.25 3.10 14.70 2.00 66.09 38.05
18.70 21.70 6.90 18.00 11.63 9.50 3.00 9.00 2.00 65.30 33.13
19.45 22.45 6.10 17.40 11.13 10.00 3.00 6.00 2.00 65.40 30.13
19.00 20.20 7.60 17.64 6.75 9.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 64.44 26.75
18.80 21.40 6.60 17.00 8.25 11.00 3.00 10.00 2.00 63.80 32.25
18.60 21.00 7.80 18.00 7.75 9.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 65.40 29.75
18.65 20.08 7.00 18.70 8.00 7.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 64.43 26.00
19.10 20.99 7.60 18.10 11.90 8.00 5.50 9.00 2.00 65.79 34.40
17.80 20.15 5.70 18.20 12.00 9.50 3.90 10.00 2.00 61.85 35.40
19.44 22.60 7.60 17.70 11.65 9.75 3.00 14.10 2.00 67.34 38.50
17.90 22.10 6.10 16.80 10.00 11.25 3.00 10.60 2.00 62.90 34.85
18.69 23.10 7.10 16.80 11.00 9.00 2.00 11.20 2.00 65.69 33.20
18.75 21.70 7.50 17.20 16.49 9.00 3.00 10.80 2.00 65.14 39.29
19.66 21.50 5.30 16.30 11.00 11.75 2.00 12.50 2.00 62.76 37.25
17.30 22.66 5.46 17.40 8.00 10.00 3.00 11.80 2.00 62.82 32.80
19.00 21.22 6.60 17.80 14.60 9.00 4.00 11.20 2.00 64.62 38.80
19.06 19.10 5.33 17.00 14.90 10.50 2.00 9.45 2.00 60.49 36.85
19.43 20.51 6.10 16.68 14.00 9.75 3.00 9.00 2.00 62.71 35.75
19.90 19.24 7.50 16.25 10.00 10.00 3.00 8.73 2.00 62.89 31.73
18.95 22.90 7.40 17.09 10.00 9.75 4.00 9.00 2.00 66.33 32.75
19.64 20.03 7.20 18.20 12.95 12.00 3.00 7.00 2.00 65.07 34.95
20.20 20.07 6.80 16.20 13.60 11.75 3.00 7.00 2.00 63.27 35.35
18.60 20.58 7.10 17.63 13.00 10.63 4.00 9.00 2.00 63.91 36.63
19.80 21.81 6.30 16.00 11.00 13.25 4.90 7.00 2.00 63.91 36.15
18.35 20.37 5.40 14.98 16.35 12.25 3.00 10.60 2.00 59.10 42.20
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
19.35 21.36 6.30 17.80 11.50 9.75 4.00 10.13 2.00 64.81 35.38
20.40 20.42 8.80 18.30 11.00 11.75 3.00 10.00 2.00 67.92 35.75
20.55 19.55 7.60 17.80 11.00 14.00 3.00 9.13 2.00 65.50 37.13
19.60 20.70 5.40 19.20 11.00 13.00 4.60 7.00 2.00 64.90 35.60
19.20 22.24 7.20 17.70 12.00 14.50 5.13 10.50 2.00 66.34 42.13
18.85 19.99 6.00 16.30 8.00 11.75 4.33 8.90 2.00 61.14 32.98
18.56 20.05 4.80 14.30 12.80 12.50 4.80 9.20 2.00 57.71 39.30
19.00 21.88 6.00 17.10 15.00 11.00 3.00 9.00 2.00 63.98 38.00
19.00 20.50 6.90 19.10 12.00 13.80 6.40 11.00 2.00 65.50 43.20
19.10 22.20 7.60 18.60 11.00 14.00 5.80 8.00 2.00 67.50 38.80
20.00 21.70 7.40 17.60 12.00 16.00 5.60 8.00 2.00 66.70 41.60
20.40 20.08 6.80 18.00 12.00 12.50 3.00 7.00 2.00 65.28 34.50
18.80 21.41 6.20 17.40 11.00 15.25 4.80 11.00 2.00 63.81 42.05
19.40 22.34 7.40 17.40 10.00 12.25 3.00 11.00 2.00 66.54 36.25
18.40 21.87 7.20 18.20 13.53 18.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 65.67 44.53
19.45 22.92 7.20 17.30 11.73 18.75 4.13 9.00 2.00 66.87 43.60
18.60 19.10 6.80 14.80 13.00 17.50 3.00 10.00 2.00 59.30 43.50
18.55 20.28 6.60 16.90 12.00 18.28 4.13 8.00 2.00 62.33 42.41
18.85 18.50 5.50 16.30 10.00 14.40 4.13 8.50 2.00 59.15 37.03
18.90 22.28 7.60 15.50 11.00 12.25 7.60 9.00 2.00 64.28 39.85
19.20 21.00 7.60 16.30 10.00 11.00 6.60 9.50 2.00 64.10 37.10
19.70 19.14 6.40 18.30 13.00 13.90 6.40 9.13 2.00 63.54 42.43
19.11 20.18 4.60 17.40 12.00 12.98 4.80 9.13 2.00 61.29 38.91
19.50 20.39 6.29 16.20 11.00 14.14 3.00 8.00 2.00 62.38 36.14
19.40 20.20 7.99 17.50 15.45 11.00 3.00 7.50 2.00 65.09 36.95
19.00 19.60 6.96 19.40 13.00 10.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 64.96 36.00
19.26 22.20 6.60 17.30 11.00 11.75 4.00 10.80 2.00 65.36 37.55
19.10 19.00 6.20 16.20 10.00 13.75 2.00 5.50 2.00 60.50 31.25
Physic Befor Psy Before Beh Before Pain Before Physic After Psy After Beh After Pain After Group bp ap
19.60 18.58 5.40 16.60 12.25 12.95 2.80 7.50 2.00 60.18 35.50
18.16 18.75 6.00 18.49 12.00 13.10 3.00 6.00 2.00 61.40 34.10
18.57 20.58 7.20 18.60 11.00 12.00 3.00 8.30 2.00 64.95 34.30
19.60 20.20 6.80 17.60 11.00 14.10 3.00 8.63 2.00 64.20 36.73
19.50 21.40 6.20 14.65 10.00 16.00 4.00 8.80 2.00 61.75 38.80
19.50 20.15 6.00 17.90 12.00 14.00 3.00 7.93 2.00 63.55 36.93
19.36 20.30 6.80 17.50 9.00 11.25 4.00 9.80 2.00 63.96 34.05
20.20 22.00 5.50 17.10 11.00 10.00 2.13 11.50 2.00 64.80 34.63
18.90 18.95 6.60 17.46 13.20 14.83 3.13 6.13 2.00 61.91 37.28
17.88 20.40 7.60 16.08 11.00 13.70 3.13 9.46 2.00 61.96 37.29
16.21 19.89 5.20 18.38 14.41 11.57 3.13 10.00 2.00 59.68 39.11
16.60 22.09 7.09 18.00 11.80 12.00 4.00 9.00 2.00 63.78 36.80
17.86 18.83 6.60 17.50 11.60 11.91 5.05 10.23 2.00 60.79 38.79
19.10 17.80 7.40 15.50 14.00 10.55 5.50 8.73 2.00 59.80 38.78
16.97 18.70 5.10 17.89 12.00 11.00 2.00 9.00 2.00 58.66 34.00
ANNEXURE-20
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING RELAXATION TECHNIQUE
ANNEXURE - 21
PHOTOGRAPHS DURING AEROBIC EXERCISES