Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2024 Official Baseball Rules
2024 Official Baseball Rules
2024 Edition
Official Baseball Rules
2024 Edition
Committee Secretary
Paul V. Mifsud, Jr.
Editors
Vanish Grover
Raquel Wagner
Copyright © 2024
by the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball
All rights reserved.
No part of the Official Baseball Rules may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system
now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from
the Office of the Commissioner of Baseball.
ISBN 978-1-63727-386-9
iii
IMPORTANT NOTES
iv
Summary of Rule Changes for 2024
v
vi
Table of Contents
2024 Official Baseball Rules
vii
5.00—PLAYING THE GAME
5.01 Starting the Game (“Play Ball!”) ........................... 18
5.02 Fielding Positions . ...................................................... 18
5.03 Base Coaches . .............................................................. 20
5.04 Batting.............................................................................. 20
(a) Batting Order......................................................... 20
(b) The Batter’s Box ................................................. 21
(c) Completing Time at Bat . .................................. 24
5.05 When the Batter Becomes a Runner ..................... 24
5.06 Running the Bases ...................................................... 27
(a) Occupying the Base ........................................... 27
( b) Advancing Bases ................................................ 27
(c) Dead Balls ............................................................. 32
5.07 Pitching ......................................................................... 34
(a) Legal Pitching Delivery . .................................. 34
(1) The Windup Position .................................. 35
( 2) The Set Position ........................................... 36
( b) Warm-Up Pitches ............................................... 37
(c) Pitcher Delays ...................................................... 37
(d) Throwing to the Bases ...................................... 38
(e) Effect of Removing Pivot
Foot From Plate ......................................... 38
(f) Ambidextrous Pitchers . .................................... 38
5.08 How a Team Scores . .................................................. 39
5.09 Making an Out ............................................................. 41
(a) Retiring the Batter .............................................. 41
(b) Retiring a Runner . .............................................. 45
(c) Appeal Plays . ....................................................... 50
(d) Effect of Preceding Runner’s
Failure to Touch a Base . ......................... 52
viii
(e) Retiring the Side ................................................. 52
5.10 Substitutions and Pitching Changes
(Including Visits to the Mound ) ....................... 52
5.11 Designated Hitter Rule .............................................. 61
5.12 Calling “Time” and Dead Balls . ............................ 64
ix
7.02 Suspended Games ....................................................... 93
7.03 Forfeited Games .......................................................... 95
7.04 Protesting Games ........................................................ 96
8.00—THE UMPIRE
8.01 Umpire Qualifications and Authority.................... 97
8.02 Appeal of Umpire Decisions.................................... 97
8.03 Umpire Position.......................................................... 100
8.04 Reporting. ..................................................................... 101
x
9.20 Statistics ....................................................................... 140
9.21 Determining Percentage Records ........................ 141
9.22 Minimum Standards for Individual
Championships . .................................................... 142
9.23 Guidelines for Cumulative
Performance Records. ......................................... 144
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS . ....................................................... 145
xi
xii
Rule 1.01 to 1.06
1
Rule 2.01
2
Rule 2.01 to 2.02
The foul lines and all other playing lines indicated in the diagrams
by solid black lines shall be marked with paint or non-toxic and
non-burning chalk or other white material.
The grass lines and dimensions shown on the diagrams are those
used in many fields, but they are not mandatory and each Club shall
determine the size and shape of the grassed and bare areas of its
playing field, except as follows:
(a) The grass line of the outer boundary of the infield dirt shall be
a 95-foot radius from the center of the pitcher’s plate. A Club
will be considered to be in compliance with this provision if
the average distance of the grass line of the outer boundary of
the infield dirt is less than 96 feet but more than 94 feet, and
no individual measurement is more than 96 feet or less than 94
feet.
(b) The grass line of the infield dirt in fair territory along the first
base line between home and first base shall be no less than 18
inches and no more than 24 inches from the first base line.
NOTE: (a) Any Playing Field constructed by a professional
Club after June 1, 1958, shall provide a minimum distance of
325 feet from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other
obstruction on the right and left field foul lines, and a minimum
distance of 400 feet to the center field fence.
(b) No existing playing field shall be remodeled after
June 1, 1958, in such manner as to reduce the distance from
home base to the foul poles and to the center field fence below
the minimum specified in paragraph (a) above.
3
Rule 2.02 to 2.05
home base shall be beveled and the base shall be fixed in the ground
level with the ground surface. (See drawing D in Appendix 2.)
2.05 Benches
The home Club shall furnish players’ benches, one each for the home
and visiting teams. Such benches shall not be less than twenty-five
feet from the base lines. They shall be roofed and shall be enclosed
at the back and ends.
4
Rule 3.01 to 3.02(c)
5
Rule 3.02(c) to 3.03(f)
NOTE: If the umpire discovers that the bat does not conform
to (c) above until a time during or after which the bat has
been used in play, it shall not be grounds for declaring the
batter out, or ejected from the game.
6
Rule 3.03(g) to 3.05
(i) No player shall attach anything to the heel or toe of his shoe
other than the ordinary shoe plate or toe plate. Shoes with
pointed spikes similar to golf or track shoes shall not be worn.
(k) A league may provide that the uniforms of its member teams
include the names of its players on their backs. Any name other
than the last name of the player must be approved by the Office
of the Commissioner. If adopted, all uniforms for a team must
have the names of its players.
7
Rule 3.05 to 3.06
wide across the palm, measured from the base of the thumb crotch to
the outer edge of the mitt. The space between the thumb section and
the finger section of the mitt shall not exceed four inches at the top of
the mitt and three and one-half inches at the base of the thumb crotch.
The mitt shall be constructed so that this space is permanently fixed
and cannot be enlarged, extended, widened, or deepened by the use
of any materials or process whatsoever. The web of the mitt shall
measure not more than five inches from its top to the base of the
thumb crotch. The web may be either a lacing, lacing through leather
tunnels, or a center piece of leather which may be an extension of the
palm connected to the mitt with lacing and constructed so that it will
not exceed the above mentioned measurements. The webbing shall
not be constructed of wound or wrapped lacing or deepened to make
a net type of trap. The glove may be of any weight.
8
Rule 3.06 to 3.08(e)
more than 5¾ inches deep, and shall be 3½ inches wide at its bottom.
The opening of the crotch shall not be more than 4½ inches at any
point below its top. The webbing shall be secured at each side, and at
top and bottom of crotch. The attachment is to be made with leather
lacing, these connections to be secured. If they stretch or become
loose, they shall be adjusted to their proper condition. The glove can
be of any weight. See Appendix 4 for diagram of glove dimensions.
3.08 Helmets
A Professional League shall adopt the following rule pertaining to
the use of helmets:
(a) All players shall use some type of protective helmet while at bat
and while running the bases.
(b) All players in the Minor Leagues shall wear a double ear-flap
helmet while at bat.
(c) All Major League players must wear a single ear-flap helmet (or
at the player’s option, a double ear-flap helmet).
(d) All catchers shall wear a catcher’s protective helmet and face
mask while receiving a pitch.
(e) All base coaches shall wear a protective helmet while performing
their duties.
9
Rule 3.08(f) to 3.10(b)
10
Rule 4.01 to 4.01(e)
4.00–GAME PRELIMINARIES
11
Rule 4.01(f) to 4.03(c)
12
Rule 4.03(c) to 4.03(d)
13
Rule 4.03(d) to 4.03(e)
14
Rule 4.04 to 4.05
15
Rule 4.06 to 4.08(c)
4.06 No Fraternization
Players in uniform shall not address or mingle with spectators,
nor sit in the stands before, during, or after a game. No manager,
coach or player shall address any spectator before or during a game.
Players of opposing teams shall not fraternize at any time while in
uniform.
4.07 Security
(a) No person shall be allowed on the playing field during a
game except players and coaches in uniform, managers, news
photographers authorized by the home team, umpires, officers
of the law in uniform and watchmen or other employees of the
home Club.
(b) The home team shall provide police protection sufficient to
preserve order. If a person, or persons, enter the playing field
during a game and interfere in any way with the play, the
visiting team may refuse to play until the field is cleared.
PENALTY: If the field is not cleared in a reasonable length
of time, which shall in no case be less than 15 minutes after
the visiting team’s refusal to play, the umpire-in-chief may
forfeit the game to the visiting team.
4.08 Doubleheaders
(a) (1) Only two championship games shall be played on one date.
Completion of a suspended game shall not violate this rule,
except for games in the Minor Leagues. See Rule 7.02(b)
Comment.
(2) If two games are scheduled to be played for one admission
on one date, the first game shall be the regularly scheduled
game for that date.
(b) After the start of the first game of a conventional or split
doubleheader, that game shall be completed before the second
game of the doubleheader shall begin.
(c) The second game of a doubleheader shall start thirty minutes
after the first game is completed, unless a longer interval (not
16
Rule 4.08(c) to 4.08(g)
17
Rule 5.01 to 5.02(c)
18
Rule 5.02(c)
(ii) at the time the pitcher releases the ball for delivery to
the batter, the defensive team must have a minimum
of four players (in addition to the pitcher and the
catcher) with both feet completely in front of the outer
boundary of the infield dirt, at least two of which must
be positioned with both feet entirely on each side of
second base; and
(iii) from the time the pitcher releases the ball to deliver
the first pitch to the first batter of a half inning, the two
infielders on each side of second base may not switch
sides or move to a position other than their side of the
infield for the entirety of that inning. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, any infielder may switch sides, or move
to any other position at the time of a substitution for one
of the defensive players (other than a pitching change
that substitutes the pitcher for a player not already in
the game). Any player who legally replaces an infielder
during an inning also may not switch sides or move to
a position other than their side of the infield from the
time the pitcher releases the ball to deliver the first pitch
following the substitution to the end of that half inning
(except upon the occurrence of a subsequent substitution
during that half inning).
19
Rule 5.02(c) to 5.04(a)(3)
5.04 Batting
(a) Batting Order
(1) Each player of the offensive team shall bat in the order
that his name appears in his team’s batting order.
(2) The batting order shall be followed throughout the game
unless a player is substituted for another. In that case the
substitute shall take the place of the replaced player in the
batting order.
(3) The first batter in each inning after the first inning shall
be the player whose name follows that of the last player
20
Rule 5.04(a)(3) to 5.04(b)(2)
21
Rule 5.04(b)(2) to 5.04(b)(4)
(3) If the batter refuses to take his position in the batter’s box
during his time at bat, the umpire shall call a strike on
the batter. The ball is dead, and no runners may advance.
After the penalty, the batter may take his proper position
and the regular ball and strike count shall continue. If the
batter does not take his proper position before three strikes
have been called, the batter shall be declared out.
22
Rule 5.04(b)(4) to 5.04(b)(5)
23
Rule 5.04(c) to 5.05(a)(6)
Rule 5.05(a) Comment: If the batter hits a pitch that touches the
ground first, the ensuing action shall be the same as if he hit the
ball in flight.
(3) If the pitch touches the ground and bounces through the
strike zone it is a “ball.” If such a pitch touches the batter,
he shall be awarded first base. If the batter swings at such
a pitch after two strikes, the ball cannot be caught, for the
purposes of Rule 5.05(b) and 5.09(a)(3).
(4) A fair ball, after having passed a fielder other than the
pitcher, or after having been touched by a fielder, including
the pitcher, shall touch an umpire or runner on fair territory;
(5) A fair ball passes over a fence or into the stands at a distance
from home base of 250 feet or more. Such hit entitles the
batter to a home run when he shall have touched all bases
legally. A fair fly ball that passes out of the playing field
at a point less than 250 feet from home base shall entitle
the batter to advance to second base only;
(6) A fair ball, after touching the ground, bounds into the
stands, or passes through, over or under a fence, or through
24
Rule 5.05(a)(6) to 5.05(b)(1)
25
Rule 5.05(b)(2) to 5.05(b)(3)
26
Rule 5.05(b)(3) to 5.06(b)(1)
(2) Two runners may not occupy a base, but if, while the ball
is alive, two runners are touching a base, the following
runner shall be out when tagged and the preceding runner
is entitled to the base, unless Rule 5.06(b)(2) applies.
(b) Advancing Bases
(1) In advancing, a runner shall touch first, second, third and
home base in order. If forced to return, he shall retouch all
bases in reverse order, unless the ball is dead under any
27
Rule 5.06(b)(1) to 5.06(b)(3)
28
Rule 5.06(b)(3) to 5.06(b)(4)
29
Rule 5.06(b)(4)
30
Rule 5.06(b)(4)
first. Batter hits fly to short right. Runner holds up between first
and second and batter comes around first and pulls up behind
him. Ball falls safely. Outfielder, in throwing to first, throws
ball into stands.
APPROVED RULING: Since no runner, when the ball is dead,
may advance beyond the base to which he is entitled, the runner
originally on first base goes to third base and the batter is held
at second base.
The term “when the wild throw was made” means when the
throw actually left the player’s hand and not when the thrown
ball hit the ground, passes a receiving fielder or goes out of play
into the stands.
The position of the batter-runner at the time the wild throw left
the thrower’s hand is the key in deciding the award of bases.
If the batter-runner has not reached first base, the award is
two bases at the time the pitch was made for all runners. The
decision as to whether the batter-runner has reached first base
before the throw is a judgment call.
If an unusual play arises where a first throw by an infielder goes
into stands or dugout but the batter did not become a runner
(such as catcher throwing ball into stands in attempt to get
runner from third trying to score on passed ball or wild pitch)
award of two bases shall be from the position of the runners at
the time of the throw. (For the purpose of Rule 5.06(b)(4)(G) a
catcher is considered an infielder.)
PLAY—Runner on first base, batter hits a ball to the shortstop,
who throws to second base too late to get runner at second,
and second baseman throws toward first base after batter has
crossed first base.
RULING: Runner at second scores. (On this play, only if batter-
runner is past first base when throw is made is he awarded third
base.)
31
Rule 5.06(b)(4) to 5.06(c)
32
Rule 5.06(c)(1) to 5.06(c)(6)
33
Rule 5.06(c)(6) to 5.07(a)
5.07 Pitching
(a) Legal Pitching Delivery
There are two legal pitching positions, the Windup Position and the
Set Position, and either position may be used at any time.
34
Rule 5.07(a) to 5.07(a)(1)
itchers shall take signs from the catcher while in contact with the
P
pitcher’s plate.
35
Rule 5.07(a)(1) to 5.07(a)(2)
(C) disengage the rubber (if he does he must drop his hand
to his sides).
In disengaging the rubber the pitcher must step off with his
pivot foot and not his free foot first. He may not go into a set or
stretch position—if he does it is a balk.
36
Rule 5.07(a)(2) to 5.07(c)
37
Rule 5.07(d) to 5.07(f)
Rule 5.07(e) Comment: The pitcher, while off the rubber, may
throw to any base. If he makes a wild throw, such throw is the
throw of an infielder and what follows is governed by the rules
covering a ball thrown by a fielder.
38
Rule 5.08(a) to 5.08(b)
39
Rule 5.08(b)
40
Rule 5.08(b) to 5.09(a)(1)
Rule 5.09(a)(1) Comment: A fielder may reach into, but not step
into, a dugout to make a catch, and if he holds the ball, the
catch shall be allowed. A fielder, in order to make a catch on
a foul ball nearing a dugout or other out-of-play area (such as
the stands), must have one or both feet on or over the playing
surface (including the lip of the dugout) and neither foot on the
ground inside the dugout or in any other out-of-play area. Ball
is in play, unless the fielder, after making a legal catch, steps
or falls into a dugout or other out-of-play area, in which case
the ball is dead. Status of runners shall be as described in Rule
5.06(b)(3)(C) Comment.
41
Rule 5.09(a)(1) to 5.09(a)(5)
a fly ball which then hits a member of the offensive team or an umpire
and then is caught by another defensive player. In establishing the
validity of the catch, the fielder shall hold the ball long enough to
prove that he has complete control of the ball and that his release of
the ball is voluntary and intentional. If the fielder has made the catch
and drops the ball while in the act of making a throw following the
catch, the ball shall be adjudged to have been caught.
(3) A third strike is not caught by the catcher when first base
is occupied before two are out;
(4) He bunts foul on third strike;
(5) An Infield Fly is declared;
42
Rule 5.09(a)(6) to 5.09(a)(8)
(6) He attempts to hit a third strike and the ball touches him;
(7) His fair ball touches him before touching a fielder. If the
batter is in a legal position in the batter’s box, see Rule
5.04(b)(5), and, in the umpire’s judgment, there was no
intention to interfere with the course of the ball, a batted
ball that strikes the batter or his bat shall be ruled a foul
ball;
(8) After hitting or bunting a fair ball, his bat hits the ball a
second time in fair territory. The ball is dead and no runners
may advance. If the batter-runner drops his bat and the ball
rolls against the bat in fair territory and, in the umpire’s
judgment, there was no intention to interfere with the
course of the ball, the ball is alive and in play. If the batter
is in a legal position in the batter’s box, see Rule 5.04(b)(5),
and, in the umpire’s judgment, there was no intention to
interfere with the course of the ball, a batted ball that strikes
the batter or his bat shall be ruled a foul ball;
43
Rule 5.09(a)(9) to 5.09(a)(12)
44
Rule 5.09(a)(13) to 5.09(b)(2)
45
Rule 5.09(b)(2) to 5.09(b)(4)
46
Rule 5.09(b)(4) to 5.09(b)(6)
47
Rule 5.09(b)(6) to 5.09(b)(9)
48
Rule 5.09(b)(9) to 5.09(b)(12)
49
Rule 5.09(b)(12) to 5.09(c)(2)
50
Rule 5.09(c)(2) to 5.09(c)(4)
51
Rule 5.09(c)(4) to 5.10(b)
second runner legally touches the plate, the runner is tagged out
on his attempt to come back and touch the base or is called out,
on appeal, then he shall be considered as having been put out
before the second runner scored and being the third out. Second
runner’s run shall not count, as provided in Rule 5.09(d).
If a pitcher balks when making an appeal, such act shall be a
play. An appeal should be clearly intended as an appeal, either
by a verbal request by the player or an act that unmistakably
indicates an appeal to the umpire. A player, inadvertently
stepping on the base with a ball in his hand, would not constitute
an appeal. Time is not out when an appeal is being made.
52
Rule 5.10(b) to 5.10(d)
53
Rule 5.10(d) to 5.10(f)
(e) A player whose name is on his team’s batting order may not
become a substitute runner for another member of his team.
54
Rule 5.10(f) to 5.10(g)
55
Rule 5.10(g) to Rule 5.10(i)
(i) If a pitcher who is already in the game crosses the foul line
on his way to take his place on the pitcher’s plate to start an
inning, he shall pitch to the first batter until such batter is put out
or reaches first base, unless the batter is substituted for, or the
pitcher sustains an injury or illness which, in the judgment of the
umpire-in-chief, incapacitates him from pitching. If the pitcher
ends the previous inning on base or at bat and does not return
to the dugout after the inning is completed, the pitcher is not
required to pitch to the first batter of the inning until he makes
contact with the pitcher’s plate to begin his warm-up pitches.
NOTE: The substitute batter exception to the requirement
that a pitcher already in the game must face the first batter to
start an inning contained in Rule 5.10(i) does not apply to a
substitute pitcher who returns for a subsequent inning without
having satisfied the three batter requirement contained in
Rule 5.10(g). Thus, if a pitcher who has not completed his
three batter requirement at the end of an inning returns for the
subsequent inning, the obligation to satisfy the balance of this
56
Rule 5.10(i) to 5.10(l)(1)
57
Rule 5.10(l)(2) to 5.10(l)(4)
(2) A second trip to the same pitcher in the same inning will
cause this pitcher’s automatic removal from the game;
(3) The manager or coach is prohibited from making a second
visit to the mound while the same batter is at bat, but
(4) if a pinch-hitter is substituted for this batter, the manager
or coach may make a second visit to the mound, but must
remove the pitcher from the game.
A manager or coach is considered to have concluded his visit to the
mound when he leaves the 18-foot circle surrounding the pitcher’s
rubber.
58
Rule 5.10(l)(4) to 5.10(m)(2)
59
Rule 5.10(m)(2) to 5.10(m)(4)
60
Rule 5.10(m)(4) to 5.11(a)(1)
61
Rule 5.11(a)(1) to 5.11(a)(10)
62
Rule 5.11(a)(10) to 5.11(b)
role for that Club for the remainder of the game. The
game pitcher may pinch-hit or pinch-run only for the
Designated Hitter.
(11) If a manager lists 10 players in his team’s lineup card,
but fails to indicate one as the Designated Hitter, and the
opposing manager brings the failure to list a Designated
Hitter to the attention of the umpire-in-chief after the
game starts, then
(A) the pitcher will be required to bat in the batting order
in the place of the listed player who has not assumed
a position on defense, if the team has taken the field
on defense, or
(B) if the team has not yet taken the field on defense, the
pitcher will be placed in the batting order in place of
any player, as chosen by the manager of that team.
I n either case, the player whom the pitcher replaces
in the batting order shall be considered to have been
substituted for and is removed from the game and the
Designated Hitter role for that Club shall be terminated
for the remainder of the game. Any play that occurred
before the violation is brought to the attention of the
umpire-in-chief shall count, subject to Rule 6.03(b).
(12) Once a Designated Hitter assumes a position on defense,
such move shall terminate the Designated Hitter role for
that Club for the remainder of the game.
(13) A substitute for the Designated Hitter need not be
announced until it is the Designated Hitter’s turn to bat.
(14) If a player on defense goes to the mound (i.e., replaces
the pitcher), this move shall terminate the Designated
Hitter’s role for that Club for the remainder of the game.
(15) The Designated Hitter may not sit in the bullpen unless
serving as a catcher in the bullpen.
(b) Starting Pitcher as Designated Hitter. It is not mandatory that a
Club designate a hitter for the pitcher. However, in the event the
starting pitcher will bat for himself, the player will be considered
63
Rule 5.11(b) to 5.12(b)(3)
64
Rule 5.12(b)(3) to 5.12(b)(8)
65
Rule 6.01(a) to 6.01(a)(5)
66
Rule 6.01(a)(5) to 6.01(a)(10)
67
Rule 6.01(a)(10) to 6.01(a)(11)
68
Rule 6.01(a)(11) to 6.01(b)
69
Rule 6.01(b) to 6.01(c)
70
Rule 6.01(c) to 6.01(d)
71
Rule 6.01(d) to 6.01(e)
being hit by the ball, falls to the ground and the first baseman
on his way to retrieve the wild thrown ball, runs into the coach.
The batter-runner finally ends up on third base. Whether the
umpire should call interference on the part of the coach is up
to the judgment of the umpire and if the umpire felt that the
coach did all he could to avoid interfering with the play, no
interference need be called. If, in the judgment of the umpire,
the coach was attempting to make it appear that he was trying
not to interfere, the umpire should rule interference.
72
Rule 6.01(e) to 6.01(h)(1)
73
Rule 6.01(h)(1) to 6.01(h)(2)
74
Rule 6.01(h)(2) to 6.01(i)(2)
75
Rule 6.01(i)(2) to 6.01(j)
76
Rule 6.01(j)(1) to 6.02(a)(1)
77
Rule 6.02(a)(2) to 6.02(a)(6)
(2) The pitcher, while touching his plate, feints a throw to first
or third base and fails to complete the throw;
(3) The pitcher, while touching his plate, fails to step directly
toward a base before throwing to that base;
(6) The pitcher delivers the ball to the batter while he is not
facing the batter;
78
Rule 6.02(a)(7) to 6.02(a)(13)
79
Rule 6.02(a) to 6.02(c)(1)
80
Rule 6.02(c)(1) to 6.02(c)(9)
81
Rule 6.02(c)(9) to 6.02(d)(5)
82
Rule 6.02(d) to 6.03(a)(4)
Rule 6.02(d) Comment: If at any time the ball hits the rosin bag it
is in play. In the case of rain or wet field, the umpire may instruct
the pitcher to carry the rosin bag in his hip pocket. A pitcher may
use the rosin bag for the purpose of applying rosin to his bare
hand or hands. Neither the pitcher nor any other player shall dust
the ball with the rosin bag; neither shall the pitcher nor any other
player be permitted to apply rosin from the bag to his glove or
dust any part of his uniform with the rosin bag.
(2) He steps from one batter’s box to the other while the
pitcher is in position ready to pitch;
(3) He interferes with the catcher’s fielding or throwing by
stepping out of the batter’s box or making any other
movement that hinders the catcher’s play at home base.
(4) He throws his bat into fair or foul territory and hits a
catcher (including the catcher’s glove) and the catcher
83
Rule 6.03(a)(4) to 6.03(a)(5)
84
Rule 6.03(a)(5) to 6.03(b)(7)
85
Rule 6.03(b)(7)
86
Rule 6.03(b)(7)
87
Rule 6.04(a) to 6.04(d)
88
Rule 6.04(d) to 6.04(e)
89
Rule 7.01 to 7.01(b)(2)
90
Rule 7.01(b)(2) to 7.01(d)(2)
91
Rule 7.01(d)(3) to 7.01(e)(3)
(3) the home team scores one or more runs in its half of the
fifth inning to tie the score.
The score of a called regulation game is the score at the time the
game is called. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a called game
that would otherwise qualify as a regulation game will be treated
as a suspended game covered by Rule 7.02 below if the game
is called when the score is tied; or if a game is called while an
inning is in progress and before the inning is completed, and the
visiting team has scored one or more runs to tie the game or take
the lead and the home team has not retaken the lead. The Office
of the Commissioner also may determine that the circumstances
of a called game are so unique or extraordinary that fairness
requires that the game be treated as a suspended game or treated
in a different manner.
(e) The score of a regulation game is the total number of runs
scored by each team at the moment the game ends, as follows:
(1) A completed regulation game ends when the visiting team
completes its half of the ninth inning if the home team is
ahead.
(2) A completed regulation game ends when the ninth inning
is completed, if the visiting team is ahead.
(3) If the home team scores the winning run in its half of the
ninth inning (or its half of an extra inning after a tie), the
game ends immediately when the winning run is scored.
EXCEPTION: If the last batter in a game hits a home run out
of the playing field, the batter-runner and all runners on base
are permitted to score, in accordance with the base-running
rules, and the game ends when the batter-runner touches
home plate.
APPROVED RULING: The batter hits a home run out of the
playing field to win the game in the last half of the ninth
or an extra inning, but is called out for passing a preceding
runner. The game ends immediately when the winning run is
scored, unless there are two out and the winning run has not
yet reached home plate when the runner passes another, in
92
Rule 7.01(e)(3) to 7.02(d)
which case the inning is over and only those runs that scored
before the runner passes another shall count.
(4) The score of a called regulation game is the total number
of runs scored by each team at the moment the game ends.
93
Rule 7.02(d)(1) to 7.02(h)
(1) the team ahead at the time the game was called shall be
declared the winner; or
(2) if the score was tied at the time the game was called, the
game shall be declared a “tie game.”
Notwithstanding Rule 7.02(d)(1) and (2) above, if the game
was called while an inning is in progress and before the
inning is completed, and the visiting team has scored one
or more runs either to take the lead or tie the game, and the
home team has not retaken the lead or retied the game, the
score upon the completion of the last full inning shall stand
for purposes of this Rule 7.02.
(e) I f a postponed game is not rescheduled or a suspended game
is not resumed to completion pursuant to Rule 7.02(c) above,
and it did not progress far enough to become a regulation
game at the time it was called, it shall be declared a “No
Game” and will not count as a game for any purpose.
(f) T
he Minor Leagues may adopt different rules for
determining regulation games and how and/or whether to
postpone, reschedule, call, and/or complete postponed, tied
or suspended games, in the regular season or postseason.
(g) T
he Major Leagues have determined that Rule 7.01(b)
(2) (runner on second base in Extra Innings) does not
apply to any Wild Card Series, Division Series, League
Championship Series or World Series games. In addition,
notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Rule
7.01(c), 7.01(d) or 7.02(a)-(e), the Major Leagues may
adopt different rules for postponing, suspending, calling,
resuming, and/or completing any games, or otherwise,
in any Wild Card Series, Division Series, League
Championship Series, or World Series.
(h) A
suspended game shall be resumed at the exact point
of suspension of the original game. The completion of a
suspended game is a continuation of the original game.
The lineup and batting order of both teams shall be exactly
the same as the lineup and batting order at the moment of
suspension, subject to the rules governing substitution. Any
94
Rule 7.02(h) to 7.03(a)(5)
95
7.03(a)(6) to 7.04
96
Rule 8.01 to 8.02(a)
8.00–THE UMPIRE
97
Rule 8.02(a) to 8.02(c)
98
Rule 8.02(c) to 8.02(e)
The manager or the catcher may request the plate umpire to ask
his partner for help on a half swing when the plate umpire calls
the pitch a ball, but not when the pitch is called a strike. The
manager may not complain that the umpire made an improper
call, but only that he did not ask his partner for help. Field
umpires must be alerted to the request from the plate umpire
and quickly respond. Managers may not protest the call of a
ball or strike on the pretense they are asking for information
about a half swing.
Appeals on a half swing may be made only on the call of ball
and when asked to appeal, the home plate umpire must refer to
a base umpire for his judgment on the half swing. Should the
base umpire call the pitch a strike, the strike call shall prevail.
Appeals on a half swing must be made before the next pitch,
or any play or attempted play. If the half swing occurs during a
play which ends a half-inning, the appeal must be made before
all infielders of the defensive team leave fair territory.
Baserunners must be alert to the possibility that the base umpire
on appeal from the plate umpire may reverse the call of a ball to
the call of a strike, in which event the runner is in jeopardy of
being out by the catcher’s throw. Also, a catcher must be alert
in a base stealing situation if a ball call is reversed to a strike by
the base umpire upon appeal from the plate umpire.
The ball is in play on appeal on a half swing.
On a half swing, if the manager comes out to argue with first or
third base umpire and if after being warned he persists in arguing,
he can be ejected as he is now arguing over a called ball or strike.
99
8.03(a) to 8.03(c)
100
Rule 8.03(c) to 8.04
8.04 Reporting
(a) The umpire shall report to the Office of the Commissioner after
the end of a game all violations of rules and other incidents
worthy of comment, including the disqualification of any
trainer, manager, coach or player, and the reasons therefor.
(b) When any trainer, manager, coach or player is disqualified
for a flagrant offense such as the use of obscene or indecent
language, or an assault upon an umpire, trainer, manager, coach
or player, the umpire shall forward full particulars to the Office
of the Commissioner after the end of the game.
(c) After receiving the umpire’s report that a trainer, manager, coach
or player has been disqualified, the Office of the Commissioner
shall impose such penalty as it deems justified, and shall notify
the person penalized and the Club of which the penalized person
is a member. If the penalty includes a fine, the penalized person
shall pay the amount of the fine to the league as directed in the
notice of discipline. Failure to pay such fine as directed shall
result in the offender being debarred from participation in any
game and from sitting on the players’ bench during any game,
until the fine is paid.
101
General Instructions to Umpires
102
General Instructions to Umpires
convinced he has made an error. If sure you got the play correctly, do not
be stampeded by players’ appeals to “ask the other man.” If not sure, ask
one of your associates. Do not carry this to extremes, be alert and get your
own plays. But remember! The first requisite is to get decisions correctly.
If in doubt don’t hesitate to consult your associate. Umpire dignity is
important but never as important as “being right.”
Most important rule for umpires is always “BE IN POSITION TO
SEE EVERY PLAY.” Even though your decision may be 100% right,
players still question it if they feel you were not in a spot to see the play
clearly and definitely.
Finally, be courteous, impartial and firm, and so compel respect
from all.
103
Rule 9.01(a)
104
Rule 9.01(a)
105
Rule 9.01(a) to Rule 9.01(b)(2)
Minor League games, listing the date of the game, where it was
played, the names of the competing Clubs and the umpires,
the full score of the game and all records of individual players
compiled according to the system specified in this Rule 9.
The Official Scorer shall forward this report to the Office of
the Commissioner, with respect to Major League and Minor
League games, as soon as practicable after the game ends. The
Official Scorer shall forward the report of any suspended game
as soon as practicable after the game has been completed, or
after it becomes a called game because it cannot be completed,
as provided by the Rule 7.02.
(b) (1) In all cases, the Official Scorer shall not make a scoring
decision that is in conflict with Rule 9 or any other Official
Baseball Rule. The Official Scorer shall conform strictly
to the rules of scoring set forth in this Rule 9. The Official
Scorer shall not make any decision that conflicts with an
umpire’s decision. The Official Scorer shall have authority
to rule on any point not specifically covered in these rules.
The Office of the Commissioner, with respect to Major
League and Minor League scorers shall order changed
any decision of an Official Scorer that contradicts the rules
of scoring set forth in this Rule 9 and shall take whatever
remedial actions as may be necessary to correct any
statistics that need correction as a result of such mistaken
scoring decision.
(2) If the teams change sides before three men are put out, the
Official Scorer shall immediately inform the umpire-in-
chief of the mistake.
106
Rule 9.01(b)(3) to 9.02(a)
107
Rule 9.02(a) to 9.02(c)
108
Rule 9.02(c) to 9.02(d)
109
Rule 9.02(d) to 9.03(a)
110
Rule 9.03(a) to 9.03(c)
the order in which the player batted, or would have batted if the
game ended before the player came to bat.
(b) The Official Scorer shall identify in the official score report any
player who enters the game as a substitute batter or substitute
runner, whether or not such player continues in the game
thereafter, in the batting order by a special symbol that shall refer
to a separate record of substitute batters and runners. The record
of substitute batters shall describe what the substitute batter did.
The record of substitute batters and runners shall include the
name of any such substitute whose name is announced, but
who is removed for another substitute before he actually gets
into the game. Any such second substitute shall be recorded as
batting or running for the first announced substitute.
111
Rule 9.03(d) to 9.03(e)
112
Rule 9.04 to 9.05(a)(1)
113
Rule 9.05(a)(1) to 9.05(b)
(3) the batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball that takes
an unnatural bounce so that a fielder cannot handle it with
ordinary effort, or that touches the pitcher’s plate or any
base (including home plate) before being touched by a
fielder and bounces so that a fielder cannot handle the ball
with ordinary effort;
(4) the batter reaches first base safely on a fair ball that has
not been touched by a fielder and that is in fair territory
when the ball reaches the outfield, unless in the scorer’s
judgment the ball could have been handled with ordinary
effort;
(5) a fair ball that has not been touched by a fielder touches
a runner or an umpire, unless a runner is called out for
having been touched by an Infield Fly, in which case the
Official Scorer shall not score a hit; or
(6) a fielder unsuccessfully attempts to put out a preceding
runner and, in the Official Scorer’s judgment, the batter-
runner would not have been put out at first base by
ordinary effort.
(b) The Official Scorer shall not credit a base hit when a:
114
Rule 9.05(b)(1) to 9.06(b)
115
Rule 9.06(b) to 9.06(c)
Rule 9.06 Comment: The Official Scorer shall not credit the
batter with a three-base hit when a preceding runner is put out
at home plate, or would have been out but for an error. The
Official Scorer shall not credit the batter with a two-base hit
when a preceding runner trying to advance from first base is
put out at third base, or would have been out but for an error.
The Official Scorer shall not, however, with the exception of
the above, determine the value of base-hits by the number of
bases advanced by a preceding runner. A batter may deserve a
two-base hit even though a preceding runner advances one or
no bases; a batter may deserve only a one-base hit even though
he reaches second base and a preceding runner advances two
bases. For example:
(1) Runner on first. Batter hits to right fielder, who throws
to third base in an unsuccessful attempt to put out
runner. Batter takes second base. The Official Scorer
shall credit batter with one-base hit.
(2) Runner on second. Batter hits fair fly ball. Runner holds
up to determine if ball is caught and then advances
only to third base, while batter takes second base. The
Official Scorer shall credit batter with two-base hit.
(3) Runner on third. Batter hits high, fair fly. Runner takes
a lead, then runs back to tag up, thinking the ball will
be caught. The ball falls safe, but runner cannot score,
although batter has reached second. The Official
Scorer shall credit batter with a two-base hit.
116
Rule 9.06(c) to 9.06(f)
hit; if the batter-runner overslides third base and is tagged out, the
Official Scorer shall credit him with a two-base hit.
(d) When the batter, after making a safe hit, is called out for having
failed to touch a base, the last base the batter reached safely
shall determine if the Official Scorer shall credit him with a
one-base hit, a two-base hit or a three-base hit. If a batter-
runner is called out after missing home plate, the Official
Scorer shall credit him with a three-base hit. If a batter-runner
is called out for missing third base, the Official Scorer shall
credit him with a two-base hit. If a batter-runner is called out
for missing second base, the Official Scorer shall credit him
with a one-base hit. If a batter-runner is called out for missing
first base, the Official Scorer shall charge him with a time at
bat, but no hit.
(e) When a batter-runner is awarded two bases, three bases or a
home run under the provisions of Rules 5.06(b)(4) or 6.01(h),
the Official Scorer shall credit the batter-runner with a two-base
hit, a three-base hit or a home run, as the case may be.
(f) Subject to the provisions of Rule 9.06(g), when a batter ends a
game with a safe hit that drives in as many runs as are necessary
to put his team in the lead, the Official Scorer shall credit such
batter with only as many bases on his hit as are advanced by the
runner who scores the winning run, and then only if the batter
runs out his hit for as many bases as are advanced by the runner
who scores the winning run.
Rule 9.06(f) Comment: The Official Scorer shall apply this rule
even when the batter is theoretically entitled to more bases
117
Rule 9.06(f) to 9.07(b)
(g) When the batter ends a game with a home run hit out of the
playing field, the batter and any runners on base are entitled to
score.
118
Rule 9.07(c) to 9.07(g)
119
Rule 9.07(g) to 9.08(a)
9.08 Sacrifices
The Official Scorer shall:
(a) Score a sacrifice bunt when, before two are out, the batter
advances one or more runners with a bunt and is put out at first
120
Rule 9.08(a) to 9.08(d)
base, or would have been put out except for a fielding error,
unless, in the judgment of the Official Scorer, the batter was
bunting exclusively for a base hit and not sacrificing his own
chance of reaching first base for the purpose of advancing a
runner or runners, in which case the Official Scorer shall charge
the batter with a time at bat;
(b) Score a sacrifice bunt when, before two are out, the fielders
handle a bunted ball without error in an unsuccessful attempt
to put out a preceding runner advancing one base, unless, an
attempt to turn a bunt into a putout of a preceding runner fails,
and in the judgment of the Official Scorer ordinary effort would
not have put out the batter at first base, in which case the batter
shall be credited with a one-base hit and not a sacrifice;
(c) Not score a sacrifice bunt when any runner is put out attempting
to advance one base on a bunt, or would have been put out,
except for a fielding error, in which case the Official Scorer
shall charge the batter with a time at bat; and
(d) Score a sacrifice fly when, before two are out, the batter hits a
ball in flight handled by an outfielder or an infielder running in
the outfield in fair or foul territory that
(1) is caught, and a runner scores after the catch, or
(2) is dropped, and a runner scores, if in the scorer’s judgment
the runner could have scored after the catch had the fly
been caught.
121
Rule 9.09 to 9.09(b)(8)
9.09 Putouts
A putout is a statistic credited to a fielder whose action causes the
out of a batter-runner or runner, as set forth in this Rule 9.09.
(a) The Official Scorer shall credit a putout to each fielder who
(1) catches a ball that is in flight, whether fair or foul;
(2) catches a batted or thrown ball and tags a base to put out
a batter or runner; or
(3) tags a runner when the runner is off the base to which the
runner is entitled.
(b) The Official Scorer shall credit an automatic putout to the
catcher when a:
(1) batter is called out on strikes;
(2) batter is called out for an illegally batted ball;
(3) batter is called out for bunting foul for his third strike;
122
Rule 9.09(c)(1) to 9.09(c)(7)
123
Rule 9.10 to 9.10(b)(3)
9.10 Assists
An assist is a statistic credited to a fielder whose action contributes
to a batter-runner or runner being put out, as set forth in this Rule
9.10.
(a) The Official Scorer shall credit an assist to each fielder who
(1) throws or deflects a batted or thrown ball in such a way
that a putout results, or would have resulted except for a
subsequent error by any fielder. Only one assist and no
more shall be credited to each fielder who throws or deflects
the ball in a run-down play that results in a putout, or would
have resulted in a putout, except for a subsequent error; or
124
Rule 9.10(b)(3) to 9.12(a)(1)
9.12 Errors
An error is a statistic charged against a fielder whose action has
assisted the team on offense, as set forth in this Rule 9.12.
(a) The Official Scorer shall charge an error against any fielder:
(1) whose misplay (fumble, muff or wild throw) prolongs the
time at bat of a batter, prolongs the presence on the bases of
a runner or permits a runner to advance one or more bases,
unless, in the judgment of the Official Scorer, such fielder
deliberately permits a foul fly to fall safe with a runner on
third base before two are out in order that the runner on
third shall not score after the catch;
125
Rule 9.12(a)(1) to 9.12(a)(3)
shall charge such fielder with an error. For example, the Official
Scorer shall charge an infielder with an error when a ground ball
passes to either side of such infielder if, in the Official Scorer’s
judgment, a fielder at that position making ordinary effort would
have fielded such ground ball and retired a runner. The Official
Scorer shall charge an outfielder with an error if such outfielder
allows a fly ball to drop to the ground if, in the Official Scorer’s
judgment, an outfielder at that position making ordinary effort
would have caught such fly ball. If a throw is low, wide or high,
or strikes the ground, and a runner reaches base who otherwise
would have been put out by such throw, the Official Scorer shall
charge the player making the throw with an error.
The Official Scorer shall not score mental mistakes or misjudg-
ments as errors unless a specific rule prescribes otherwise. A
fielder’s mental mistake that leads to a physical misplay—such
as throwing the ball into the stands or rolling the ball to the pitch-
er’s mound, mistakenly believing there to be three outs, and
thereby allowing a runner or runners to advance—shall not be
considered a mental mistake for purposes of this rule and the
Official Scorer shall charge a fielder committing such a mistake
with an error. The Official Scorer shall not charge an error if the
pitcher fails to cover first base on a play, thereby allowing a bat-
ter-runner to reach first base safely. The Official Scorer shall not
charge an error to a fielder who incorrectly throws to the wrong
base on a play.
The Official Scorer shall charge an error to a fielder who causes
another fielder to misplay a ball—for example, by knocking the
ball out of the other fielder’s glove. On such a play, when the
Official Scorer charges an error to the interfering fielder, the
Official Scorer shall not charge an error to the fielder with whom
the other fielder interfered.
126
Rule 9.12(a)(4) to 9.12(b)
(b) T
he Official Scorer shall charge only one error on any wild
throw, regardless of the number of bases advanced by one or
more runners.
127
Rule 9.12(c) to 9.12(e)
(c) W
hen an umpire awards the batter or any runner or runners
one or more bases because of interference or obstruction, the
Official Scorer shall charge the fielder who committed the
interference or obstruction with one error, no matter how many
bases the batter, or runner or runners, may advance.
128
Rule 9.12(e) to 9.13(a)
129
Rule 9.13(a) to 9.14(a)
Rule 9.13 Comment: The Official Scorer shall not charge a wild
pitch or passed ball if the defensive team makes an out before
any runners advance. For example, if a pitch touches the ground
and eludes the catcher with a runner on first base, but the catcher
recovers the ball and throws to second base in time to retire the
runner, the Official Scorer shall not charge the pitcher with a wild
pitch. The Official Scorer shall credit the advancement of any
other runner on the play as a fielder’s choice. If a catcher drops
a pitch, for example, with a runner on first base, but the catcher
recovers the ball and throws to second base in time to retire the
runner, the Official Scorer shall not charge the catcher with a
passed ball. The Official Scorer shall credit the advancement of
any other runner on the play as a fielder’s choice.
See Rules 9.07(a), 9.12(e) and 9.12(f) for additional scoring
rules relating to wild pitches and passed balls.
130
Rule 9.14(b) to 9.15(b)
9.15 Strikeouts
A strikeout is a statistic credited to a pitcher and charged to a batter
when the umpire calls three strikes on a batter, as set forth in this
Rule 9.15.
(a) The Official Scorer shall score a strikeout whenever a batter:
(1) is put out by a third strike caught by the catcher;
(2) is put out by a third strike not caught when there is a
runner on first before two are out;
(3) becomes a runner because a third strike is not caught; or
(4) bunts foul on third strike, unless such bunt on third strike
results in a foul fly caught by any fielder, in which case the
Official Scorer shall not score a strikeout and shall credit
the fielder who catches such foul fly with a putout.
(b) When a batter leaves the game with two strikes against him, and
the substitute batter completes a strikeout, the Official Scorer
shall charge the strikeout and the time at bat to the first batter.
If the substitute batter completes the turn at bat in any other
manner, including a base on balls, the Official Scorer shall
score the action as having been that of the substitute batter.
131
Rule 9.16 to 9.16(a)
132
Rule 9.16(a) to 9.16(d)
133
Rule 9.16(e) to 9.16(g)
134
Rule 9.16(g) to 9.16(h)
(h) A relief pitcher shall not be held accountable when the first
batter to whom he pitches reaches first base on four called balls
if such batter has a decided advantage in the ball and strike
count when pitchers are changed.
(1) If, when pitchers are changed, the count is
2 balls, no strike,
2 balls, 1 strike,
3 balls, no strike,
3 balls, 1 strike,
3 balls, 2 strikes,
135
Rule 9.16(h) to 9.16(i)
136
Rule 9.16(i) to 9.17(a)
137
Rule 9.17(a) to 9.17(c)
until his team regains the lead, which it holds to the finish of the
game, that pitcher shall be the winning pitcher.
(b) If the pitcher whose team assumes a lead while such pitcher
is in the game, or during the inning on offense in which such
pitcher is removed from the game, and does not relinquish such
lead, is a starting pitcher who has not completed
(1) five innings of a game that lasts six or more innings on
defense, or
(2) four innings of a game that lasts five innings on defense,
then the Official Scorer shall credit as the winning pitcher
the relief pitcher, if there is only one relief pitcher, or the
relief pitcher who, in the Official Scorer’s judgment was
the most effective, if there is more than one relief pitcher.
138
Rule 9.17(c) to 9.19
(d) A losing pitcher is a pitcher who is responsible for the run that
gives the winning team a lead that the winning team does not
relinquish.
9.18 Shutouts
A shutout is a statistic credited to a pitcher who allows no runs in
a game. No pitcher shall be credited with pitching a shutout unless
he pitches the complete game, or unless he enters the game with
none out before the opposing team has scored in the first inning,
puts out the side without a run scoring and pitches the rest of the
game without allowing a run. When two or more pitchers combine
to pitch a shutout, the league statistician shall make a notation to
that effect in the league’s official pitching records.
139
Rule 9.19(a) to 9.20
9.20 Statistics
The Office of the Commissioner shall appoint an official statistician.
The statistician shall maintain an accumulative record of all the
batting, fielding, running and pitching records specified in Rule
9.02 for every player who appears in a league championship game
or post-season game.
The statistician shall prepare a tabulated report at the end of
the season, including all individual and team records for every
championship game, and shall submit this report to the Office of
the Commissioner. This report shall identify each player by his first
name and surname and shall indicate as to each batter whether he
bats righthanded, lefthanded or both ways, and as to each fielder
and pitcher, whether he throws righthanded or lefthanded.
When a player listed in the starting lineup is substituted for before
he plays on defense, he shall not receive credit in the defensive
statistics (fielding) unless he actually plays that position during the
game. All such players, however, shall be credited with one game
played (in batting statistics) so long as they are announced into the
game or listed on the official lineup card.
140
Rule 9.20 to 9.21(f)
141
Rule 9.22 to 9.22(a)
142
Rule 9.22(a) to 9.22(c)
higher batting average than Abel: .365 (165 hits in 452 at-bats)
to Abel’s .362.
143
Rule 9.22(c) to 9.23
144
Definitions of Terms
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
(All definitions are listed alphabetically)
145
Definitions of Terms
A BUNT is a batted ball not swung at, but intentionally met with the
bat and tapped slowly within the infield.
A CALLED GAME is one in which, for any reason, the umpire-in-
chief or the Office of the Commissioner terminates play before the game
is completed.
A CATCH is the act of a fielder in getting secure possession in
his hand or glove of a ball in flight and firmly holding it; providing he
does not use his cap, protector, pocket or any other part of his uniform
in getting possession. It is not a catch, however, if simultaneously
or immediately following his contact with the ball, he collides with
a player, or with a wall, or if he falls down, and as a result of such
collision or falling, drops the ball. It is not a catch if a fielder touches a
fly ball which then hits a member of the offensive team or an umpire and
then is caught by another defensive player. In establishing the validity
of the catch, the fielder shall hold the ball long enough to prove that
he has complete control of the ball and that his release of the ball is
voluntary and intentional. If the fielder has made the catch and drops
the ball while in the act of making a throw following the catch, the ball
shall be adjudged to have been caught.
The CATCHER is the fielder who takes his position back of the
home base.
The CATCHER’S BOX is that area within which the catcher shall
stand until the pitcher delivers the ball.
146
Definitions of Terms
147
Definitions of Terms
148
Definitions of Terms
149
Definitions of Terms
FOUL TERRITORY is that part of the playing field outside the first
and third base lines extended to the fence and perpendicularly upwards.
A FOUL TIP is a batted ball that goes sharp and direct from the bat
to the catcher and is legally caught. It is not a foul tip unless caught, and
any foul tip that is caught is a strike, and the ball is in play.
A GROUND BALL is a batted ball that rolls or bounces close to
the ground.
The HOME TEAM is the team on whose grounds the game is
played, or if the game is played on neutral grounds, the home team shall
be designated by mutual agreement.
ILLEGAL (or ILLEGALLY) is contrary to these rules.
An ILLEGAL PITCH is (1) a pitch delivered to the batter when the
pitcher does not have his pivot foot in contact with the pitcher’s plate; (2)
a quick return pitch. An illegal pitch when runners are on base is a balk.
An INFIELDER is a fielder who occupies a position in the infield.
An INFIELD FLY is a fair fly ball (not including a line drive nor an
attempted bunt) which can be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort,
when first and second, or first, second and third bases are occupied, before
two are out. The pitcher, catcher and any outfielder who stations himself
in the infield on the play shall be considered infielders for the purpose of
this rule.
When it seems apparent that a batted ball will be an Infield Fly,
the umpire shall immediately declare “Infield Fly” for the benefit of the
runners. If the ball is near the baselines, the umpire shall declare “Infield
Fly, if Fair.”
The ball is alive and runners may advance at the risk of the ball
being caught, or retouch and advance after the ball is touched, the same
as on any fly ball. If the hit becomes a foul ball, it is treated the same as
any foul.
150
Definitions of Terms
151
Definitions of Terms
152
Definitions of Terms
on a play, with due consideration given to the condition of the field and
weather conditions.
153
Definitions of Terms
154
Definitions of Terms
beneath the kneecap. The Strike Zone shall be determined from the
batter’s stance as the batter is prepared to swing at a pitched ball. (For
diagram of STRIKE ZONE, see Appendix 5.)
A SUSPENDED GAME is a called game which is to be completed
at a later date.
A TAG is the action of a fielder in touching a base with his body
while holding the ball securely and firmly in his hand or glove; or
touching a runner with the ball, or with his hand or glove holding the
ball (not including hanging laces alone), while holding the ball securely
and firmly in his hand or glove. It is not a tag, however, if simultaneously
or immediately following his touching a base or touching a runner, the
fielder drops the ball. In establishing the validity of the tag, the fielder
shall hold the ball long enough to prove that he has complete control of
the ball. If the fielder has made a tag and drops the ball while in the act of
making a throw following the tag, the tag shall be adjudged to have been
made. For purposes of this definition any jewelry being worn by a player
(e.g., necklaces, bracelets, etc.) shall not constitute a part of the player’s
body.
A THROW is the act of propelling the ball with the hand and arm to
a given objective and is to be distinguished, always, from the pitch.
A TIE GAME is a regulation game which is called when each team
has the same number of runs.
“TIME” is the announcement by an umpire of a legal interruption of
play, during which the ball is dead.
TOUCH. To touch a player or umpire is to touch any part of his
body, or any uniform or equipment worn by him (but not any jewelry
(e.g., necklaces, bracelets, etc.) worn by a player).
155
Definitions of Terms
156
APPENDICES
Appendix 1
Diagram No. 1
Diagram of the Playing Field
GRA
SS L
INE
S
IU
AD
'R
95
13'
"
'0
90
90
'0
"
3'
E
FO
N
LI
U
L
L
U
LI
FO
N
127-3 3/8"
E
127-3 3/8"
13' 13'
'
15
3'
'M N
18' CIRCLE
AX
10 ' MI
1
20
'
"
'-0
COACH'S
COACH'S
45
6'
3'
BOX
60'6"
BOX
3'
6'
'M N
AX
10 ' MI
1
"
E
'-0
S
BA
45
26' CIRCLE
M
O
R
'F
E
60
N
LI
E
C
L
U
N
37' 37'
O
O
D
AN
ST
O
D
HOM IUS FR
AN
R
EB
G
60'
RAD
BACKSTOP
DIAGRAM NO. 1
LEGEND
BATTER'S BOX,
CATCHER'S BOX, FOUL LINE,
PITCHER'S PLATE, COACH'S BOX
NEXT BATTER'S BOX
BASE LINES
GRASS LINES
Rev2018TL
158
Appendix 2
Diagram No. 2
Layout at Home Plate, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Bases
"
18
18
"
90
LAYOUT AT
SECOND BASE
FO
NE
UL
LI
LI
UL
NE
FO
A A
90
90
LAYOUT AT FOR LAYOUT AT PITCHER'S PLATE LAYOUT AT
SEE DIAGRAM NO. 3
THIRD BASE FIRST BASE
90
D
3'0"
4'0" 4'0"
C
8'0"
43"
DIAGRAM NO. 2
LEGEND
A 1st, 2nd, 3rd BASES
B BATTER'S BOX
C CATCHER'S BOX
D HOME BASE
E PITCHER'S PLATE
Rev2023RW
159
Appendix 3
Diagram No. 3
Layout of Pitching Mound
REAR SLOPE
GRADUAL TO CIRCLE EDGE
LEVEL AREA
SHADED
(5' x 34" ) 5'
22"
34" 2'
6"
18"
6"
18"
1" 1'
9' 9'
1" 2'
Slope
1" 3'
1" 4'
1" 5'
10'
1" 6'
DIAGRAM NO. 3
Pitching Mound: An 18' diameter circle, The degree of slope from a starting
center of which is 59' from back of home plate. point 6" in front of the pitcher's plate to
a point 6' toward home plate shall
Locate front edge of rubber 18" behind
be 1" to 1', and such degree of slope
center of mound.
shall be uniform.
Front edge of rubber to back point Level area surrounding rubber should be 6"
of home plate, 60'6". in front of rubber, 18" to each side and 22"
Slope starts 6" from front edge of rubber. to rear of rubber. Total level area 5' x 34".
Rev2018TL
160
Appendix 4
H
H
F
E
G
H
A
D
B
H
I J K L M
DIAGRAM NO. 4
(A) Palm width—7 /4" 3 (H) Crotch seam—13 3/4"
(B) Palm width—8" (I) Thumb top to bottom edge—7 3/4"
(C) Top opening of web—41/2" (J) 1st finger top to bottom edge—13"
(webbing not to be wider (K) 2nd finger top to bottom edge—113/4"
than 41/2" at any point) (L) 3rd finger top to bottom edge—10 3/4"
(D) Bottom opening of web—3 1/2" (M) 4th finger to bottom edge—9"
(E) Web top to bottom—5 3/4"
(F) 1st finger crotch seam—51/2"
(G) Thumb crotch seam—51/2"
161
Appendix 5
Top of shoulders
Midpoint
Top of pants
STRIKE
ZONE
162
Index
163
Index
164
Index
165
Index
Double-Switches—5.10(b);
Manager/coach limitations regarding double-switches 5.10(b)
Comment.
Dropped Third Strike—Definitions of Terms (“Ball”), 5.05(a)(2),
5.06(c)(7) Comment, 5.09(a)(2) Comment, 5.09(a)(3-4, 6, 10,
14), 6.01(a)(1).
Doubleheaders, Length Between—4.08(c)
Dugout—see Bench.
Ejection—6.04(a,c-e), 8.01, 8.02, 8.04.
Equipment—
Base 2.03;
Baseball 3.01;
Bat 3.02;
Bench 2.05;
Commercialization 3.09;
Glove/Mitt 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07;
Helmet 3.08
Home base 2.02;
Pitcher’s plate 2.01, 2.04;
Uniforms 3.03.
Equipment Illegally Touches Live Ball—5.06(b)(3)(E), 5.06(b)(4)(A-E).
Electronic Equipment on Field—3.10(b)
Fair Ball—Definitions of Terms;
Bounces out of play 5.05(a)(6-8), 5.06(b)(4)(F);
Deflected out of play 5.05(a)(8-9), 5.06(b)(4)(A,F);
Intentionally dropped 5.09(a)(12);
Touches runner or umpire, 5.05(a)(4), 5.05(b)(4), 5.06(b)(3)(B),
5.06(c)(6) Comment, 5.09(b)(7), 6.01(a)(11).
Field Markers—3.10(b).
Fielder—
Glove specifications 3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07, Appendix 4.
Stepping or falling into out-of-play area 5.06(b)(3)(C), 5.09(a)(1)
Comment, 5.12(b)(6);
Positioning on field of play 5.02;
166
Index
Sleeves 3.03(e);
Throws glove at ball (detached equipment) 5.06(b)(3)(E),
5.06(b)(4)(A-E).
Fielder’s Choice—Definitions of Terms, 9.12(f)(2).
“Flying Start” by Runner—5.09(c)(1) Comment.
Force Play/Force Out—Definitions of Terms, 5.09(b)(6);
Reinstated 5.09(b)(6).
Forfeit—4.07(b), 4.08(g), 4.07(b), 7.03, 8.03(a)(6), 9.03(e).
Foul Ball—Definitions of Terms, 5.06(c)(5), 5.09(a)(7-8).
Foul Tip—Definitions of Terms, 5.06(c)(7) Comment, 5.09(a)(2)
Comment, 5.09(b)(5) Comment.
Fraternization—4.06.
Game-Ending Runs—5.08(b), 5.09(b)(1,2) Comment, 5.09(c)
Comment, 7.01(g)(3).
Glove/Mitt—3.04, 3.05, 3.06, 3.07;
Illegally touches live ball 5.06(b)(4)(A,C,E).
Ground Rules—4.05, 8.03(a)(9).
Groundskeepers—4.03(e), 4.08(g), 7.03(c).
Helmet—3.08, 5.09(a)(8) Comment.
Hidden Ball Trick—6.02(a)(9).
Home Run—5.05(a)(5,9), 5.06(b)(4)(A).
Illegal Bat—3.02, 6.03(a)(5), 6.03(a)(5) Comment.
Illegal Pitch—Definitions of Terms (Illegal Pitch and Quick Return),
5.07(a)(2) Comment, 6.02(a)(5), 6.02(b).
Illegally Batted Ball—5.06(c)(4), 6.03(a)(1).
Infield Fly—Definitions of Terms, 5.09(a)(5,12), 5.09(b)(7) Exception;
Strikes runner (on or off base) 5.09(b)(7), 5.09(b)(7) Exception.
Intentional Walk (Automatic by Manager’s Signal)—Definitions of
Terms (“Base on Balls”), 5.05(b)(1) Comment;
How Official Scorer Notates 9.14(d).
Intentionally Dropped Ball—5.09(a)(12).
Intentional Pitch at Batter—6.02(c)(9).
Interference—
Authorized on-field personnel 4.07(a);
167
Index
168
Index
Overrunning/Oversliding—
First base, 5.09(b)(4,6,11), 5.09(c)(3);
Home plate 5.09(b)(12), 5.09(c)(4).
“Overzealous Runner”—5.06(b)(3)(B) Comment.
Pinch-Hitter/Runner—see Substitutions.
Pitch—
Ball Definitions of Terms;
Pitcher delivery time limit 5.07(c);
Goes out of play 5.06(b)(4)(H);
Intentionally thrown at batter 6.02(c)(9);
Lodges in catcher’s or umpire’s equipment 5.06(b)(4)(I),
5.06(c)(7);
Strike Definitions of Terms;
Touches batter 5.05(b)(2), 5.06(c)(1), 5.09(a)(6), Definitions of
Terms (Ball, Strike);
Touches runner attempting to score 5.06(c)(8), 5.09(a)(14).
Pitcher—
Altered baseball 3.01, 6.02(c)(2-7);
Ambidextrous 5.07(f);
Becomes infielder 5.07(e);
Changes to defensive position 5.10(d) Comment;
Delivery restrictions 5.07(a);
Delivery time limit 5.07(c);
Injured 5.07(b,f), 5.10(d) Comment, 5.10(f-g);
Intentionally pitches at batter 6.02(c)(9);
Legal position 5.07(a)(1-2);
Length of time for warm-up pitches between innings 5.07(b);
Limitations on warm-up pitches 5.07(b);
Minimum number of batters to face (NAPBL rule only) 5.10(g);
Mouth, goes to on mound 6.02(c)(1);
Pitcher delays 5.07(c);
Pitcher visits by manager or coach 5.10(l);
Pivot foot Definitions of Terms, 5.07(a)(1-2); 5.07(a)(2)
Comment, 5.07(e);
169
Index
170
Index
171
Index
172
Index
173
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
174
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
175
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
176
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
177
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
178
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
179
Notes
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
180