Reviewer in Rewrski
Reviewer in Rewrski
DISCOURSE:
Rosa (2002) suggests that these forms are common elements of spoken
English, found in all registers and all rates of speech.
ASSIMILATION
-the sound at the end of one word changes to make it easier to say the
next word
Examples:
‘could have’ sounds like ‘coulda’
‘ten boys’ sounds like ‘tem boys’
‘fat boy’ sounds like ‘fap boy’
‘good boy’ sounds like ‘goob boy’
‘that cat’ sounds like ‘thak cat’
CATENATION
-the last consonant of the first word is joined to the first vowel of the
next word
Examples:
‘an apple’ sounds like ‘a napple’
‘get up’ sounds like ‘getup’
ELISION
-means losing a sound in the middle of a consonant cluster, sometimes
from the middle of a word or from the end of a word.
Examples:
‘chocolate’ sounds like ‘chaklut’
‘sandwich’ sounds like ‘sanwich’
‘fish and chips’ sounds like ‘fishnchips’
INTRUSION
-an extra sound ‘intrudes’; three sounds that often do this are /r/ /j/
and /w/
Examples:
‘go on’ sounds like ‘gowon’
‘I agree’ sounds like ‘aiyagree’
‘law and order’ sounds like ‘lawrunorder’
‘please do it’ sounds like ‘please do wit’
‘I want to eat’ sounds like ‘I want toweat’
Transitional Words
Agreement/Addition/Similarity
-Transitions like also, in addition, and, likewise, add information,
reinforce ideas, and express agreement with preceding material.
Opposition/Limitation/Contradiction
-Transition phrases like but, rather, and or express that there is
evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives, and thus introduce a
change in the line of reasoning (contrast).
Examples/Support/Emphasis
-These transitional devices (like specially) are used to introduce
examples as support, to indicate importance or as an illustration so that an
idea is cued to the reader.
Effect/Consequence/Result
-Some of these are time words that are used to show that after a
particular time there was a consequence or an effect. Note that for and
because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are placed
before the consequences or effects.
Conclusion/Summary/Restatement
-These transitions conclude, summarize, and/or restate ideas, or
indicate a final general statement. Also some words like (therefore) from
the ‘Effect/Consequence’ category can be used to summarize.
Comparison
Spoken Discourse
less lexically dense
tends to have longer noun groups
more attached to context
Written Discourse
more structurally complex and more elaborate
has high level of nominalization (i.e. more nouns than verbs)
more explicit
more decontextualized
Graphic Organizer
-show the relationship between and among facts, concepts or ideas
-help increase recall, arrange information, interpret and understand
learning
examples: concept map, series-of-events chain, flow chart, T-chart, Venn
diagram, and discussion web
-CONCEPT MAP-shows relationships associated to the concept being
studied
-SERIES-OF-EVENTS CHAIN-shows the arrangement or events in
chronological order; may help in discussing cause and effect of something
-FLOW CHART- displays the steps or stages in a process
-T- CHART- show the similarities and differences between two things,
people, events, or ideas
-DISCUSSION WEB AND VENN DIAGRAM-allows you to give the meaning of
what you read; also privileges you to polish own interpretation against
another
Topic Outline
-arranges ideas hierarchically (shows which are main and which are -
sub-points) in the sequence you want and shows what you will talk
about
-identifies all the little mini-topics that the paper will comprise and
shows how they relate
-lists words or phrases
Sentence Outline
-formatted exactly as topic outlines, but whole sentences replace the
brief headings
-sentences state the crucial point of each stage of the paper
-provides a real test of the argument
-makes use of sentences
Narration
-A narrative paragraph or essay tells a story and explains how
something happened
Classification
-A classification paragraph or essay explains briefly a subject by dividing
into types or categories.
Description
-A Descriptive paragraph or essay describes a person, thing, place, or
situation.
EXAMPLE:The school fair is right around the corner, and tickets have just
gone on sale. We are selling a limited number of tickets at a discount, so
move fast and get yours while they are still available. This is going to be an
event you will not want to miss! First off, the school fair is a great value
when compared with other forms of entertainment. Also, your ticket
purchase will help our school, and when you help the school, it helps the
entire community. But that’s not all! Every ticket you purchase enters you
in a drawing to win fabulous prizes. And don’t forget, you will have
mountains of fun because there are acres and acres of great rides, fun
games, and entertaining attractions! Spend time with your family and
friends at our school fair. Buy your tickets now!
Example or Illustration
-An example paragraph or essay makes a point about a topic by
providing examples to support it.
Problem-Solution
-A problem-solution paragraph identifies a problem and proposes one
or more solutions.